67 research outputs found
Developmental changes associated with cross-language similarity in bilingual children
Online publication 30/9/2015The main goal of the present study was to investigate how the degree of orthographic
overlap between translation equivalents influences bilingual word recognition
processes at different stages of reading development. Spanish–Basque bilingual
children with ages ranging from 8 to 15 years were tested in an explicit translation
recognition task with a large set of items. Critically, the degree of cross-language
similarity (i.e. the cognate status) between the references and the correct targets was
manipulated along a continuum in order to investigate how the reliance on crosslanguage
orthographic overlap varies as a function of reading experience. Results
showed that younger children were significantly more sensitive to the cognate status
of words than older children while recognising translation equivalents, and that this
difference did not depend on the speed of response of the participants. These results
demonstrate that the influence of cross-language similarity progressively diminishes as
a function of increased exposure to print together with the maturation of the
mechanisms responsible for language interference suppression, as suggested by
developmental models of bilingual lexical access.This research has been partially funded by the Spanish Government [grant number PSI2012-32123], the European Research Council [grant number
ERC-AdG-295362], and by the AThEME project funded by the European Union [grant number 613465]
Shared representation of passives across Scottish Gaelic and English:Evidence from structural priming
Impact Factor: outdated artefact or stepping-stone to journal certification?
A review of Garfield's journal impact factor and its specific implementation
as the Thomson Reuters Impact Factor reveals several weaknesses in this
commonly-used indicator of journal standing. Key limitations include the
mismatch between citing and cited documents, the deceptive display of three
decimals that belies the real precision, and the absence of confidence
intervals. These are minor issues that are easily amended and should be
corrected, but more substantive improvements are needed. There are indications
that the scientific community seeks and needs better certification of journal
procedures to improve the quality of published science. Comprehensive
certification of editorial and review procedures could help ensure adequate
procedures to detect duplicate and fraudulent submissions.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, 6 table
Non-cognate translation priming in masked priming lexical decision experiments: a meta-analysis
The masked translation priming paradigm has been widely used in the last 25 years to investigate word processing in bilinguals. Motivated by studies reporting mixed findings, in particular for second language (L2) to first language (L1) translation priming, we conducted, for the first time in the literature, a meta-analysis of 64 lexical decision experiments across 24 studies to assess the effect sizes of L1-L2 and L2-L1 non-cognate translation priming effects in bilinguals. Our meta-analysis also investigated the influence of potential moderators of translation priming effects. The results provided clear evidence of significant translation priming effects for both directions, with L1-L2 translation priming significantly larger than L2-L1 translation priming (i.e., effect size of 0.86 vs. 0.31). The analyses also revealed that L1-L2 translation effect sizes were moderated by the interval between prime and target (ISI), whereas L2-L1 translation effect sizes were modulated by the number of items per cell. Theoretical and methodological implications of this meta-analysis are discussed and recommendations for future studies are provided
A behavioral database for masked form priming
Reading involves a process of matching an orthographic input with stored representations in lexical memory. The masked priming paradigm has become a standard tool for investigating this process. Use of existing results from this paradigm can be limited by the precision of the data and the need for cross-experiment comparisons that lack normal experimental controls. Here, we present a single, large, high-precision, multicondition experiment to address these problems. Over 1,000 participants from 14 sites responded to 840 trials involving 28 different types of orthographically related primes (e.g., castfe–CASTLE) in a lexical decision task, as well as completing measures of spelling and vocabulary. The data were indeed highly sensitive to differences between conditions: After correction for multiple comparisons, prime type condition differences of 2.90 ms and above reached significance at the 5% level. This article presents the method of data collection and preliminary findings from these data, which included replications of the most widely agreed-upon differences between prime types, further evidence for systematic individual differences in susceptibility to priming, and new evidence regarding lexical properties associated with a target word’s susceptibility to priming. These analyses will form a basis for the use of these data in quantitative model fitting and evaluation and for future exploration of these data that will inform and motivate new experiments
Enhanced case management can be delivered for patients with EVD in Africa : experience from a UK military ebola treatment centre in Sierra Leone
TF is funded by the Wellcome Trust (104480/Z/14/Z) and the UK Ministry of Defence.Background: Limited data exist describing supportive care management, laboratory abnormalities and outcomes in patients with EVD (Ebola virus disease) in West Africa. We report data which constitute the first description of the provision of enhanced EVD case management protocols in a West African setting. Methods: Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected by retrospective review of clinical and laboratory records of patients with confirmed EVD admitted between 5 November 2014 and 30 June 2015. Results: A total of 44 EVD cases were admitted (median age 37 years (range 17-63), 32/44 healthcare workers), and excluding those evacuated, the case fatality rate was 49% (95% CI 33-65%). No pregnant women were admitted. At admission 9/44 had stage 1 disease (fever and constitutional symptoms only), 12/44 stage 2 disease (presence of diarrhoea and/or vomiting) and 23/44 had stage 3 disease (presence of diarrhoea and/or vomiting with organ failure), with case fatality rates of 11% (95% CI 1-58%), 27% (95% CI 6-61%), and 70% (95% CI 47-87%) respectively (p=0.009). Haemorrhage occurred in 17/41 (41%) patients. The majority (21/40) of patients had hypokalaemia with hyperkalaemia occurring in 12/40 patients. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurred in 20/40 patients, with 14/20 (70%, 95% CI 46-88%) dying, compared to 5/20 (25%, 95% CI 9-49%) dying who did not have AKI (p=0.01). Ebola virus (EBOV) PCR cycle threshold value at baseline was mean 20.3 (SD 4.3) in fatal cases and 24.8 (SD 5.5) in survivors (p=0.007). Mean National Early Warning Score (NEWS) at admission was 5.5 (SD 4.4) in fatal cases and 3.0 (SD 1.9) in survivors (p=0.02). Central venous catheters were placed in 37/41 patients and intravenous fluid administered to 40/41 patients (median duration of 5 days). Faecal management systems were inserted in 21/41 patients, urinary catheters placed in 27/41 and blood component therapy administered to 20/41 patients. Conclusions: EVD is commonly associated life-threatening electrolyte imbalance and organ dysfunction. We believe that the enhanced levels of protocolized care, scale and range of medical interventions we report, offers a blueprint for the future management of EVD in resource-limited settings.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Produção e citação em Saúde Coletiva: um olhar a partir dos periódicos Cadernos de Saúde Pública e Revista de Saúde Pública
- …