Integration and Islamic Education in South Africa

The Indian Muslim community experienced double minority status, first in India, then in South Africa, a factor that contributed to this group’s later modes of mobilization in the early decades of the twentieth century. From the 1930’s, as the education system modernized, the cultural heritage of Indian Islam began to play a role in the specific context of South Africa characterized by modes of integration of the Indian Muslim minority in South Africa

Social Control in Transnational Families: Somali Women and Dignity in Johannesburg

Transnational mobility often separates families and distances individuals from the kinship and social structures by which they organized their lives prior to migration. Myriad forms of insecurity have been the impetus for Somali movement into the diaspora, with people fleeing the realities of conflict that have marked Somalia for decades while physically dividing families as individuals settle in different countries around the world. Mobility has altered the dynamics of households, families, and communities post-migration, reshaping social constructions as individuals move on without the familial support that sustained them in Somalia. While outcomes of these hardships are variable and often uneven in different settlement spaces, migration can offer new opportunities for people to pursue avenues from which they were previously excluded, such as by assuming roles and responsibilities their relatives once filled. These changes precipitate shifting identities and are challenging for women who find themselves self-reliant in the diaspora, particularly in the absence of (supportive) husbands and close kin.Drawing on ethnographic research in Johannesburg’s Somali community, this chapter explores the assumption that migration provides an opening for women to challenge subordinating gender norms. Settlement often grants women greater freedom to make choices in their lives, such as in employment and personal relationships, and yet they remain constrained by networks that limit their autonomy. Even with transnational migration and protracted separation, women are family representatives who must uphold cultural notions of respectability despite realities that position them as guardians and family providers. Women remain under the watchful eye of their extended families through expansive networks and the ease of modern communication, which facilitate a new form of social control as women’s behavior is carefully monitored and reported to relatives afar. These actualities raise questions about the degree to which transnational movement is a liberating force for women or rather a reconfiguration of social control. I argue that despite women’s changing position in their households and families, they remain limited by social control within their extended families and communities

Integration and Islamic Education in South Africa

The Indian Muslim community experienced double minority status, first in India, then in South Africa, a factor that contributed to this group’s later modes of mobilization in the early decades of the twentieth century. From the 1930’s, as the education system modernized, the cultural heritage of Indian Islam began to play a role in the specific context of South Africa characterized by modes of integration of the Indian Muslim minority in South Africa

On the origin of the plasma current spike during a tokamak disruption and its relation with magnetic stochasticity

International audienceA JOREK 3D non-linear MHD simulation of a disruption triggered by an argon massive gas injection in JET, which quantitatively reproduces the plasma current ($I_p$) spike, is analyzed in order to investigate the origin of the $I_p$ spike and its relation with magnetic stochasticity. The $I_p$ spike is associated to a current density ($j_ φ$) profile relaxation which appears to result from Shear Alfvén Wave (SAW) propagation along stochastic field lines, as proposed by Boozer, possibly complemented by a macroscopic E×B flow structure. Using axisymmetric JOREK simulations involving a mean field Ohm's law, we verify that the level of hyper-resistivity associated to SAWs is consistent with the prediction made in, which connects the $I_p$ spike with the level of stochasticity. The relaxation comprises two main phases, the first one corresponding to a fast (0.1 ms) and almost complete $j_φ$ flattening in the q < 2 region, while the second one is longer (0.5 ms) and corresponds to a more gradual, global and incomplete $j_φ$ flattening. During the first phase, strong E×B flows develop that play a key role in mixing impurities into the core

OLOGRAM : Determining significance of total overlap length between genomic regions sets

International audienceMotivation: Various bioinformatics analyses provide sets of genomic coordinates of interest. Whether two such sets possess a functional relation is a frequent question. This is often determined by interpreting the statistical significance of their overlaps. However, only few existing methods consider the lengths of the overlap, and they do not provide a resolutive p-value. Results: Here, we introduce OLOGRAM, which performs overlap statistics between sets of genomic regions described in BEDs or GTF. It uses Monte Carlo simulation, taking into account both the distributions of region and inter-region lengths, to fit a negative binomial model of the total overlap length. Exclusion of user-defined genomic areas during the shuffling is supported

Winter and Spring Characterization of Particulate and Dissolved Organic Matter in the Danube-Black Sea Mixing Zone.

Abstract not availableJRC.H-Institute for environment and sustainability (Ispra