Сучасний стан та напрямки розвитку асортименту послуг українських страховиків для роздрібного ринку

У статті розглянуто сучасний стан сектору страхування фізичних осіб в Україні. Ґрунтовно проаналізовано асортиментний ряд страхових послуг, що пропонується громадянам. Розроблено рекомендації щодо поліпшення та подальшого розвитку асортименту страхових послуг для фізичних осіб.In this article the current status of retail insurance sector in Ukraine is viewed. The deep analysis of insurance services assortment row for natural persons is conducted. Recommendations for improvement and further development of insurance services for the retail market are presented.В статье рассмотрено нынешнее положение сектора страхования физических лиц в Украине. Проанализирован ассортиментный ряд страховых услуг, которые предлагаются гражданам. Разработаны рекомендации по улучшению и дальнейшему развитию ассортимента страховых услуг для физических лиц

Study of Etiological Factors of Chronic Pancreatitis Complicated by Biliary Hypertension

During the 2009-2015 time period, 127 patients with complicated forms of chronic pancreatitis (CP) underwent surgical treatment at the Department of General Surgery of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital. CP was accompanied by biliary hypertension (BH) in 39 (30.7%) patients. 14 (11.1%) patients developed BH with concomitant chronic duodenal obstruction (CDO), and in 4 (3.1%) patients a combination of BH+CDO and local venous hypertension (VH) of the vessels in the pancreatobiliary area was found. The analyzed group included 36 (92.3%) men and 3 (7.7%) women at the age of 21 to 60 years. In all 39 patients tubular stenosis of the intrapancreatic part of the choledoch was the morphological substrate of BH due to fibrose-degenerative changes in the pancreatic head; in 9 (23.1%) patients it was combined with cysts of the pancreatic head. In 28 (71.7%) patients, BH had clinical signs (ochrodermia and mucosal icterus, hyperbilirubinemia), and in 11 (28.9%) patients BH was asymptomatic and was diagnosed only by means of ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) (tubular stenosis and dilation of the suprapancreatic segment of the common bile duct 0.7 cm to 1.3 – 1.5 cm). In 3 (7.6%) patients, BH was accompanied by the manifestations of cholangitis. All patients with CP complicated by BH underwent surgical treatment. Drainage, resection, and combined surgical interventions were used. In 17 (43.5%) patients CP complicated by BH was the result of acute pancreatitis (1 to 10 years ago), 14 of them underwent surgeries: 2 patients – laparoscopic drainage of the enzymatic peritonitis, 5 patients – laparotomy, drainage of the peritoneal omental sac, abdomen and retroperitoneal space, 5 patients – endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with drainage of biliary ducts, 2 patients – endoscopic stenting of the pancreatic ducts.  In 4 (10.2%) patients, CP was associated with previous surgeries on the organs of the pancreatobiliary area: 2 patients underwent cholecystectomy due to cholelithiasis, and 2 patients underwent Bilroth II gastrectomy due to duodenal ulcer. In 14 (35.9%) patients their condition was probably caused by cigarette smoking. In 8 (20.5 %) patients, a direct connection between CP and regular alcohol consumption was established. In 7 patients, the causes of CP complicated by BH were not found, and in these cases CP was qualified as idiopathic. Acute destructive pancreatitis is often an etiological factor in the development of CP complicated by BH. BH in case of CP is one of the absolute indications for surgical treatment, and the method of BH correction should be determined individually

Electric Transport Properties in the 2D-MoS2

The features of electric transport in the powder samples consisting of the nanosize 2D-MoS2 flakes with different number of layers have been studied under the conditions of uniaxial pressure. There have been measured current-voltage characteristics at the room temperature in the voltage range of 0 through 1.5 V at 3 magnitudes of the uniaxial pressure from 5 through 25 bars. The current-voltage characteristics are shown to be non-linear and to form a loop during successive increasing and decreasing voltage. The long-term decays of the current on applying voltage to the sample and of the voltage on the sample in the no-load mode on switching off have been observed. The observed results are explained by the model of the surface charge accumulation causing polarization.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Психологічні особливості поведінкових моделей особистості в українських та російських казках (Study of behavioral models of personality in Ukrainian and russian fairy tales)

Причиною патологічних поведінкових моделей росіян є не лише вплив рашистської пропаганди у ЗМІ, але й казкові наративи, що закладають у дитинстві. Казки – це засіб морального виховання, що пропонує певні моделі поведінки, найбільш прийнятні для того чи того етапу культурного розвитку суспільства. Поняття «казка» визначено як символічне відображення древніх вірувань; спосіб підготовки до обряду ініціації; завуальований сексуальний комплекс; результат актуалізації архетипів; фактор життєвого сценарію; основи побудови продуктивних та непродуктивних поведінкових моделей. Казкотерапію розуміємо як виховну систему, метою якої є передача психологічних знань про соціальне становлення особистості, формування зв’язків між поведінкою в реальному житті та казковими подіями. Прірва між українцями та росіянами закопана глибоко в казках, що батьки розповідають дітям перед сном. Проведений порівняльний аналіз дозволяє виявити, що поведінкові моделі, які пропонують українські та російські казки, – кардинально відмінні. Українські казки формують такі поведінкові моделі як цінність людської гідності, чесна перемога над ворогом, відповідальність за свої вчинки, альтруїзм та готовність допомогти. Засвоєні з дитинства наративи та ціннісні орієнтири в російських казках детермінують жорстокість, нехтування людським життям, солдафонство та проявляються потім у поведінці російського суспільства. (The reason for the pathological behavior patterns of Russians is not only the influence of racist propaganda in the mass media but also fairy-tale narratives laid down in childhood. Fairy tales act as a means of moral education, offering certain models of behavior that are most appropriate for one or another stage of the cultural development of society. The concept of "fairy tale" is defined as a symbolic reflection of ancient beliefs; the method of preparation for the initiation rite; the veiled sexual complex; the result of the actualization of archetypes; the life scenario factor; and the basics of building productive and unproductive behavioral models. We understand fairy-tale therapy as an educational system, the purpose of which is the transfer of psychological knowledge about the social formation of an individual, and the formation of connections between behavior in real life and fairy-tale events. The gulf between Ukrainians and Russians is buried deep in fairy tales that parents tell their children before going to bed. The conducted comparative analysis reveals that the behavioral models offered by Ukrainian and Russian fairy tales are radically different. Ukrainian fairy tales form behavioral models such as the value of human dignity, honest victory over the enemy, responsibility for one's actions, altruism and willingness to help. Narratives and value orientations learned from childhood in Russian fairy tales determine cruelty, disregard for human life, soldaphonism, and then manifest themselves in the behavior of Russian society.

Effect of Immunomodulating Adjuvant Dzherelo (Immunoxel) in HIV Infected Patients Receiving Standard Antiretroviral Therapy

Open-label, matched-case, comparative trial was conducted in 40 HIV-infected patients to evaluate the adjunct effect of Dzherelo (Immunoxel) on immune and viral parameters. Arm A (n=20) received anti-retroviral therapy (ART) consisting of zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz and arm B (n=20) received ART with Dzherelo. After 2 months total T-lymphocytes increased in ART recipients from 664 to 819 cells/μl (P=0.06), whereas in Dzherelo recipients they rose from 595 to 785(P=0.03). The CD4 T-cells expanded by 57.3% (218 to 343; P=0.002) in the ART arm and by 93.5% (184 to 356; P=0.004) in the Dzherelo arm. The accrual in absolute and relative number of CD8+ lymphocytes in ART and in the Dzherelo recipients was 43.2% (2.7%) and 50.4% (-0.5%) respectively. The CD4/CD8 ratio in Dzherelo recipients increased from 1.495 to 1.940 (P=0.03) but insignificant in the control: 1.418 to 1.613 (P=0.14). Activated CD3+ HLADR+ T-cells increased from 209 to 264 (P=0.02) and from 161 to 348 (P=0.0007) in ART and Dzherelo recipients respectively. No changes in CD20+ B-lymphocytes were seen in the control, but in Dzherelo patients they declined from 509 to 333 (P=0.00008). The proportion of CD3- CD16+CD56+ NK cells was not affected by ART but addition of Dzherelo raised NK cells from 11.2% to 17.1% (P=0.0001). About three-quarters (14/19) of patients on ART displayed decrease in viral load (1718 to 1419 copies/ml; P=0.008), while 95% of patients on Dzherelo had a decrease (1793 to 1368; P=0.001). Dzherelo has a favorable effect on the immune status and viral burden when given as an immunomodulating adjunct to ART

Обґрунтування конструкційних параметрів круглої пилки з комбінованим зубчастим вінцем

As a result of the analysis of the design of a circular saw with a combined toothed crown gear, we found that the method of combining the teeth with carbide plates of various shapes and sizes provides for the time division of the load on the treated material from the cutting forces and consists of the conditional separation of the teeth in the cut with a direct FZ exacerbation along the posterior face, protruding over the general range of cutting, and scrubs that have left and right lateral spine WZ exacerbation along the posterior facet of the tooth. The influence of the structural parameters of the saw with the combination of the FZ/2WZ teeth on the accuracy of longitudinal wood sawing is due to the peculiarities of the formation of propyl, which is divided into two following stages: initially, the perforated tooth FZ cuts the middle part of the chips, forming a mid groove at the bottom of the saw blade, which keeps the saw from the lateral displacement; the following two welding teeth WZ consecutively form the left and right portions of the propylene, expanding the formed groove to the width of the propylene. Known analytical methods for calculating the rigidity of circular saws do not provide the ability to consider the influence of the shape and size of the teeth, so the influence of the projection of the cutting teeth over the cutting circle and their thickness on the working rigidity of the saw was studied using 3D-modeling of the saw and finite element method in Solid Works environment and the dependence in the form of a second order regression equation. As a result of the analysis of the obtained regression equation, it is found that the working rigidity of the saw almost three times greater is the thickness of the saw than the height of the protuberance of the tooth, but rationally increase the stiffness of the saw by increasing the projection of the perforated tooth and reducing the thickness of the saw, as this will reduce the width of the saw. The rational value of the projection of the cutting pin of 1.5 mm is determined, which enables to form a corresponding groove at the bottom of the saw blade, which provides vibration resistance of the saw, and also prevents the saw blades from being displaced in the axial direction. Based on the analysis of the research results, a minimum 2.2 mm saw blade thickness has been determined, which provides the required working stiffness of the saw (J≥150 N/mm) and reduces the overall width of the saw to 3.2 mm. Based on the results of experimental studies on the accuracy of longitudinal sawing boards, it has been established that the saw with substantiated structural parameters of the toothed crown FZ/2WZ ensures the accuracy of sawing up to ±0,5 mm and avoids additional wood losses of about 34 % and electricity up to 20 %.Вплив конструкційних параметрів пилки з комбінуванням зубців FZ/2WZ на точність поздовжнього пиляння деревини пояснено особливостями формування пропилу, що поділяється на два етапи: спочатку прорізний зубець FZ зрізає середню частину стружки, утворюючи паз у дні пропилу, який утримує пилку від бокового зміщення; наступні два зачисних зубці WZ послідовно формують ліву і праву частини пропилу, розширюючи утворений паз до ширини пропилу. За допомогою 3D-моделювання пилки та методу скінченних елементів у середовищі Solid Works досліджено вплив на робочу жорсткість пилки величини виступу прорізних зубців над колом різання та їхньої товщини і встановлено залежність у вигляді рівняння регресії другого порядку. За результатами аналізу отриманого рівняння регресії оцінено вплив кожного чинника та з'ясовано, що підвищення робочої жорсткості пилки до оптимального значення (150 Н/мм) можливе завдяки збільшенню виступу прорізного зубця, оскільки це дає змогу зменшувати товщину пилки. Визначено оптимальну величину виступу прорізного зубця 1,5 мм, яка забезпечує необхідну робочу жорсткість пилки і дає змогу зменшити товщину пилки до 2,2 мм. На підставі результатів експериментальних досліджень встановлено, що пилка з обґрунтованими конструкційними параметрами зубчастого вінця FZ/2WZ забезпечує точність пиляння в межах ±0,5 мм, дає змогу уникнути додаткових втрат деревини (близько 34 %) та електроенергії (до 20 %)

Treatment drop-in in a contemporary cohort used to derive cardiovascular risk prediction equations.

BACKGROUND: No routinely recommended cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction equations have adjusted for CVD preventive medications initiated during follow-up (treatment drop-in) in their derivation cohorts. This will lead to underestimation of risk when equations are applied in clinical practice if treatment drop-in is common. We aimed to quantify the treatment drop-in in a large contemporary national cohort to determine whether equations are likely to require adjustment. METHODS: Eight de-identified individual-level national health administrative datasets in Aotearoa New Zealand were linked to establish a cohort of almost all New Zealanders without CVD and aged 30-74 years in 2006. Individuals dispensing blood-pressure-lowering and/or lipid-lowering medications between 1 July 2006 and 31 December 2006 (baseline dispensing), and in each 6-month period during 12 years' follow-up to 31 December 2018 (follow-up dispensing), were identified. Person-years of treatment drop-in were determined. RESULTS: A total of 1 399 348 (80%) out of the 1 746 695 individuals in the cohort were not dispensed CVD medications at baseline. Blood-pressure-lowering and/or lipid-lowering treatment drop-in accounted for 14% of follow-up time in the group untreated at baseline and increased significantly with increasing predicted baseline 5-year CVD risk (12%, 31%, 34% and 37% in <5%, 5-9%, 10-14% and ≥15% risk groups, respectively) and with increasing age (8% in 30-44 year-olds to 30% in 60-74 year-olds). CONCLUSIONS: CVD preventive treatment drop-in accounted for approximately one-third of follow-up time among participants typically eligible for preventive treatment (≥5% 5-year predicted risk). Equations derived from cohorts with long-term follow-up that do not adjust for treatment drop-in effect will underestimate CVD risk in higher risk individuals and lead to undertreatment. Future CVD risk prediction studies need to address this potential flaw

Electrocaloric Response of the Dense Ferroelectric Nanocomposites

Using the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire approach and effective media models, we calculated the spontaneous polarization, dielectric, pyroelectric, and electrocaloric properties of BaTiO$_3$ core-shell nanoparticles. We predict that the synergy of size effects and Vegard stresses can significantly improve the electrocaloric cooling (2- 7 times) of the BaTiO$_3$ nanoparticles with diameters (10-100) nm stretched by (1-3)% in comparison with a bulk BaTiO$_3$. To compare with the proposed and other known models, we measured the capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics of the dense nanocomposites consisting of (28 -35) vol.% of the BaTiO$_3$ nanoparticles incorporated in the poly-vinyl-butyral and ethyl-cellulose polymers covered by Ag electrodes. We determined experimentally the effective dielectric permittivity and losses of the dense composites at room temperature. According to our analysis, to reach the maximal electrocaloric response of the core-shell ferroelectric nanoparticles incorporated in different polymers, the dense composites should be prepared with the nanoparticles volume ratio of more than 25 % and fillers with low heat mass and conductance, such as Ag nanoparticles, which facilitate the heat transfer from the ferroelectric nanoparticles to the polymer matrix. In general, the core-shell ferroelectric nanoparticles spontaneously stressed by elastic defects, such as oxygen vacancies or any other elastic dipoles, which create a strong chemical pressure, are relevant fillers for electrocaloric nanocomposites suitable for advanced applications as nano-coolers.Comment: 38 pages, including 10 figures and 2 appendixe

Tájékoztató jelentés az őszi mezőgazdasági munkákról (2015. november 16-i operatív jelentések alapján)

A kiadvány a statisztikáról szóló 1993. évi XLVI. törvény (Stt.) 8.§ (2) bekezdése alapján készült el. Az adatszolgáltatás a Stt. felhatalmazása alapján kiadott Országos Statisztikai Adatgyűjtési Program keretein belül történt. A Nemzeti Agrárkamara (NAK) közreműködésével begyűjtött adatok a őszi mezőgazdasági munkák állásáról adnak tájékoztatást