Rana chiricahuensis

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

A primer on triangle functions II

In [32] we presented an overview of concepts, facts and results on triangle functions based on the notions of t-norm, copula, (generalized) convolution, semicopula, quasi-copula. Here, we continue our presentation. In particular, we treat the concept of duality and study a few important cases of functional equations and inequalities for triangle functions like, e.g., convolution, Cauchy's equation, dominance, and Jensen convexity

A service marketing approach to recruiting students in German private universities :exploratory thesis of student expectations and experiences

Changes in the higher education sector have forced private universities in Germany to reflect how they can best compete in the market, attract students, find their market niche and differ-entiate themselves from similar institutions. The recruitment of students at private universities is particularly difficult. This study explores which factors influence their selection and evalua-tion process. In order to better understand students’ expectations and experiences, the study compares the selection criteria of students at state and private universities. The results indicate the criteria which are relevant for students for and after enrollment at state and private univer-sities in Germany. Undergraduate students have often unrealistic expectations and therefore are often disappointed about their chosen university. The analysis of private university stu-dents’ selection criteria is important, as marketers can specifically develop and address their expectations and needs. The study reveals that different types of students apply different crite-ria for selecting and evaluating private universities. Based on an empirical study of 152 stu-dents at one state and one private university in Hamburg, the thesis shows similarities and dif-ferences between the selection and evaluation phases and between the two types of higher ed-ucation institutions. The statistical outcomes are based on a descriptive, a bivariate, an explor-ative factor and multivariate regression analysis. The developed conceptual recruitment and marketing model will support recruitment strategies at private universities. The study derives important implications for strategic marketing and management activities and student satisfac-tion management of higher education institutions in Germany. Moreover, recommendations for future studies are outlined. The expectations and experiences of students have not been analysed in depth at private universities in Germany. Data or studies which analyses the stu-dents selection and evaluation process and determine different types of students are missing for German private universities. Furthermore, reliable studies which also compare the selec-tion process for private and state universities in Germany are missing. Thus, the study helps to fill this important gap. Secondly, and on a practical nature, it is hoped that the study will pro-vide higher education practicioners with empirical evidence that can be used in future re-cruitment strategies

The Role of Nonlinear Dynamics in Quantitative Atomic Force Microscopy

Various methods of force measurement with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) are compared for their ability to accurately determine the tip-surface force from analysis of the nonlinear cantilever motion. It is explained how intermodulation, or the frequency mixing of multiple drive tones by the nonlinear tip-surface force, can be used to concentrate the nonlinear motion in a narrow band of frequency near the cantilevers fundamental resonance, where accuracy and sensitivity of force measurement are greatest. Two different methods for reconstructing tip-surface forces from intermodulation spectra are explained. The reconstruction of both conservative and dissipative tip-surface interactions from intermodulation spectra are demonstrated on simulated data.Comment: 25 pages (preprint, double space) 7 figure

Flight test report of the NASA icing research airplane: Performance, stability, and control after flight through natural icing conditions

Flight test results are presented documenting the effect of airframe icing on performance and stability and control of a NASA DHC-6 icing research aircraft. Kohlman System Research, Inc., provided the data acquisition system and data analysis under contract to NASA. Performance modeling methods and MMLE techniques were used to determine the effects of natural ice on the aircraft. Results showed that ice had a significant effect on the drag coefficient of the aircraft and a modest effect on the MMLE derived longitudinal stability coefficients (code version MMLE). Data is also presented on asymmetric power sign slip maneuvers showing rudder floating characteristics with and without ice on the vertical stabilizer

The measurement of aircraft performance and stability and control after flight through natural icing conditions

The effects of airframe icing on the performance and stability and control of a twin-engine commuter-class aircraft were measured by the NASA Lewis Research Center. This work consisted of clear air tests with artificial ice shapes attached to the horizontal tail, and natural icing flight tests in measured icing clouds. The clear air tests employed static longitudinal flight test methods to determine degradation in stability margins for four simulated ice shapes. The natural icing flight tests employed a data acquisition system, which was provided under contract to NASA by Kohlman Systems Research Incorporated. This system used a performance modeling method and modified maximum likelihood estimation (MMLE) technique to determine aircraft performance degradation and stability and control. Flight test results with artificial ice shapes showed that longitudinal, stick-fixed, static margins are reduced on the order of 5 percent with flaps up. Natural icing tests with the KSR system corroborated these results and showed degradation in the elevator control derivatives on the order of 8 to 16 percent depending on wing flap configuration. Performance analyses showed the individual contributions of major airframe components to the overall degration in lift and drag