Experimental and numerical investigation of the weld geometry effects on Type IV cracking behaviour in P91 steel

The focus of the present study is on creep crack growth behaviour in Type IV region of P91 steel weldments at 650 °C. In the experimental studies on small- and large-scale single-edge notched specimens in tension, SENT, the effects of weld dimensions and specimen size on the creep crack growth behaviour of the material are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the crack starts to propagate at an angle normal to the loading direction, subsequently deviates towards the Type IV region and the specimen eventually ruptures when the crack growth angle becomes parallel to the loading direction. The creep rupture data for SENT specimens compared well with those of the round bar specimens for P91 welded joints. In addition, the data for crack growth rates from the deviating crack path were correlated with the C* fracture mechanics parameter and showed good agreement with standard compact tension test data. To predict the creep crack growth behaviour in the Type IV region, finite element simulations were performed in conjunction with a multiaxial ductility damage criterion at the weld/base metal interface. Given that a lower failure strain along the Type IV region is prominent, it is shown that the cracking, in line with the experiments, followed the HAZ region and led to the final creep rupture in the net sectio

Promiscuous targeting of bromodomains by bromosporine identifies BET proteins as master regulators of primary transcription response in leukemia

Bromodomains (BRDs) have emerged as compelling targets for cancer therapy. The development of selective and potent BET (bromo and extra-terminal) inhibitors and their significant activity in diverse tumor models have rapidly translated into clinical studies and have motivated drug development efforts targeting non-BET BRDs. However, the complex multidomain/subunit architecture of BRD protein complexes complicates predictions of the consequences of their pharmacological targeting. To address this issue, we developed a promiscuous BRD inhibitor [bromosporine (BSP)] that broadly targets BRDs (including BETs) with nanomolar affinity, creating a tool for the identification of cellular processes and diseases where BRDs have a regulatory function. As a proof of principle, we studied the effects of BSP on leukemic cell lines known to be sensitive to BET inhibition and found, as expected, strong antiproliferative activity. Comparison of the modulation of transcriptional profiles by BSP after a short exposure to the inhibitor resulted in a BET inhibitor signature but no significant additional changes in transcription that could account for inhibition of other BRDs. Thus, nonselective targeting of BRDs identified BETs, but not other BRDs, as master regulators of context-dependent primary transcription response.The Structural Genomics Consortium is a registered charity (no. 1097737) that receives funds from AbbVie, Bayer Pharma AG, Boehringer Ingelheim, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Eshelman Institute for Innovation, Genome Canada, Innovative Medicines Initiative (EU/EFPIA) (ULTRA-DD grant 115766), Janssen, Merck & Co., Novartis Pharma AG, Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, Pfizer, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Takeda, and Wellcome Trust (092809/Z/10/Z). P.F., S.P., and C.-Y.W. were supported by a Wellcome Career Development Fellowship (095751/Z/11/Z). A.-C.G. is the Canada Research Chair in Functional Proteomics and the Lea Reichmann Chair in Cancer Proteomics and was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (foundation grant FDN143301). J.-P.L. was supported by a Cancer Research Society (Canada) Scholarship for the Next Generation of Scientists

field study of airline travellers in Malaysia

This study examines the relationship between airline travellers' casual attribution, pre-recovery emotions, and negative behavioural intentions after a service failure and proposes a model for analysing direct effects of airline travellers' casual attribution of stability (failure frequency) and controllability (the extent to which the airline can control the failure) on negative behavioural intentions as well as its indirect effects through pre-recovery emotions. Data were gathered through a survey of airline travellers who experienced a failure in the past six months. The results indicate that both dimensions of casual attribution influenced pre-recovery emotions and negative behavioural intentions, and that pre-recovery emotions were significantly related to negative behavioural intentions. In addition, the results verify the mediating effect of pre-recovery emotions on the relationship between casual attribution and behavioural intentions. These results have important managerial implications

Multiscale-constraint based model to predict uniaxial/multiaxial creep damage and crack growth in 316-H steels

A new failure ductility/multiscale constraint strain-based model to predict creep damage, rupture and crack growth under uniaxial and multiaxial conditions is developed for 316H Type stainless steels by linking globally uniform failure strains with a multiaxial constraint factor. The model identifies a geometric constraint and a time-dependent local constraint at the sub-grain level. Uniaxial and notched 316H steel as-received and pre-compressed data at various load levels and temperatures with substantial scatter were used to derive the appropriate constitutive equations by using the proposed empirical/mechanistic approach. Constrained hydrostatic development of creep damage at the sub-grain level is assumed to directly relate to the uniform lower-bound creep steady state region of damage development measured at the global level. Uniaxial and notched bar rupture at long terms is predicted based on the initial short-term creep or a representative tensile strength and a multiaxial constraint factor. The model is consistent with the well-known NSW remaining multiaxial ductility creep crack growth model which predicts crack growth bounds over the plane strain/stress states. This model, therefore, unifies the creep process response over the whole range of uniaxial, notched and crack growth processes which is extremely consequential to simple long term failure predictions of components at elevated temperatures

Association of polymorphisms of vasoactive intestinal peptide and its receptor with reproductive traits of turkey hens

The aim of this study was to identify variations of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and VIP receptor-1 (VIPR-1) genes that might be associated with turkey reproductive traits. One hundred twenty turkey hens were recorded for age at first egg (AFE), first egg weight (FEW), egg number (EN), total egg weight (TEW), laying period (LP), and broodiness. The DNA was isolated from blood samples and subjected to PCR amplification of the meleagrine VIP and VIPR-1 genes. The SNPs were detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism and the variant DNA fragments were sequenced. One mutation in 3’-UTR of VIP (G5846A) and two SNPs in intron 2 of VIPR-1 (C17687T and A17690T) were found, all of them novel. The associations of the three detected SNPs with the reproductive traits of turkeys were evaluated. The detected polymorphisms were used for marker-trait association analyses. The results of association analysis showed that G5846A on 3’ UTR of VIP has a significant association with LP, EN, TEW, and AFE. The G allele of G5846A was the favourable SNP allele for LP, EN, and TEW traits. The AA genotype of A17690T on intron 2 of VIPR-1 was significantly associated with higher LP, EN, and TEW. AGAA haplotype showed association with higher EN and TEW. These results suggest that the SNPs in 3’-UTR of VIP and intron 2 of VIPR-1 genes may influence egg production traits in turkey hens.Keywords: broodiness, candidate gene, egg production, single nucleotide polymorphism, VIPR-

A review on solid riveting techniques in aircraft assembling

Solid riveting is the most widely used joining technique in aircraft assembly, and the current key problems affecting practical application and reliable lifting are concentrated on static strength and fatigue. This paper aims to present a practical review on current practice and novel techniques of solid riveting for aircraft applications in order to obtain a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of defect development to assist industrial users to find pragmatic solutions for safe life extension of components. At first, the current status of solid riveting processes is reviewed, and the key influencing factors on static/fatigue failure of riveted joints are identified. Effects of solid riveting design parameters, manufacturing parameters, residual stress, load transfer and secondary bending on static and fatigue strengths of riveted lap joints are discussed, followed by a review of the state-of-the-art solutions that deal with static/fatigue failures. Furthermore the new development in solid riveting techniques, including the use of different materials and riveting processes, is addressed. Finally, future research perspective and applications industrial riveting is presented

Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Theileria equi in Iranian dromedaries

Considering the importance of Theileria equi infection in horse breeding industry and marketing, in the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of T. equi among dromedaries in central Iran, where a considerable number of camels and horses are raised and equine theileriosis is quite prevalent. For this purpose, a total of 161 blood samples from camels were examined in terms of T. equi infection, using parasitological and molecular methods. For molecular detection of T. equi, primers targeting the 18S rRNA gene were selected. Microscopic examination revealed that 0.6% of camels were positive for the intraerythrocytic stage of Theileria species, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method detected T. equi in 7 (4.3%) out of 161 camels. Sequences of 18S rRNAs from all the isolates showed more than 99% homology to each other and T. equi isolates in the GenBank. With respect to the single-nucleotide substitution in 18S rRNA gene of the studied camels, three different genotypes were identified and submitted to the GenBank. Considering the homology between 18S rRNA sequences of T. equi in the studied samples and those available in the GenBank, the phylogenetic tree formed three distinct, but highly-related clusters. In this study, age, gender, and locality were not determined as risk factors for T. equi infection in camels. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that T. equi is present among Iranian camels