Harnessing the ambiphilicity of silyl nitronates in a catalytic asymmetric approach to aliphatic β³-amino acids

Nitronate anions, formally generated by α-deprotonating the corresponding nitroalkanes, are highly nucleophilic and versatile intermediates in many carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions. In contrast, the corresponding silyl nitronates are ambiphilic and react, at the same carbon atom, with both electrophiles and nucleophiles. However, while their nucleophilicity has been well exploited in catalytic enantioselective reactions with imines and aldehydes, utilizing the electrophilicity of silyl nitronates in asymmetric synthesis has remained elusive. Here we report the facile, efficient and general reactivity of readily available silyl nitronates with silyl ketene acetals, catalysed by highly Lewis-acidic and confined silylium imidodiphosphorimidate catalysts. The products of this reaction, so-called nitroso acetals, are obtained in excellent enantioselectivity and can be easily converted into N-Boc-β3-amino acid esters in a single step

Factorization of Numbers with the temporal Talbot effect: Optical implementation by a sequence of shaped ultrashort pulses

We report on the successful operation of an analogue computer designed to factor numbers. Our device relies solely on the interference of classical light and brings together the field of ultrashort laser pulses with number theory. Indeed, the frequency component of the electric field corresponding to a sequence of appropriately shaped femtosecond pulses is determined by a Gauss sum which allows us to find the factors of a number

Direct and Catalytic C-Glycosylation of Arenes: Expeditious Synthesis of the Remdesivir Nucleoside

Since early 2020, scientists have strived to find an effective solution to fight SARS-CoV-2, especially by developing reliable vaccines that inhibit the spread of the disease and repurposing drugs for combatting its effects on the human body. The antiviral prodrug Remdesivir is still the most widely used therapeutic during the early stage of the infection. However, the current synthetic routes rely on the use of protecting groups, air-sensitive reagents, and cryogenic conditions, impeding the cost-efficient supply to patients. We therefore focused on the development of a straightforward, direct addition of (hetero)arenes to unprotected sugars. Here we report a silylium-catalyzed and completely stereoselective C -glycosylation that initially yields the open-chain polyols, which can be selectively cyclized to provide either the kinetic α-furanose or the thermodynamically favored β-anomer. The method significantly expedites the synthesis of Remdesivir precursor GS-441524 after subsequent Mn-catalyzed C–H oxidation and deoxycyanation

Switching dynamics of spatial solitary wave pixels

Separatrices and scaling laws in the switching dynamics of spatial solitary wave pixels are investigated. We show that the dynamics in the full model are similar to those in the plane-wave limit. Switching features may be indicated and explained by the motion of the (complex) solitary wave amplitude in the phase plane. We report generalization, into the domain of transverse effects, of the pulse area theorem for the switching process and a logarithmic law for the transient dynamics. We also consider, for what is the first time to our knowledge, phase-encoded address of solitary pixels and find that a near-square-wave temporal switching pattern is permitted without (transverse) cross switching

Conservation Laws in Higher-Order Nonlinear Optical Effects

Conservation laws of the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation are studied in the presence of higher-order nonlinear optical effects including the third-order dispersion and the self-steepening. In a context of group theory, we derive a general expression for infinitely many conserved currents and charges of the coupled higher-order nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation. The first few currents and charges are also presented explicitly. Due to the higher-order effects, conservation laws of the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation are violated in general. The differences between the types of the conserved currents for the Hirota and the Sasa-Satsuma equations imply that the higher-order terms determine the inherent types of conserved quantities for each integrable cases of the higher-order nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation

Multisoliton solutions and integrability aspects of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations

Using Painleve singularity structure analysis, we show that coupled higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger (CHNLS) equations admit Painleve property. Using the results of Painleve analysis, we succeed in Hirota bilinearizing the CHNLS equations, one soliton and two soliton solutions are explictly obtained. Lax pairs are explictly constructed.Comment: Eight pages and six figures. Physical Review E (to be appear

Experimental feasibility of measuring the gravitational redshift of light using dispersion in optical fibers

This paper describes a new class of experiments that use dispersion in optical fibers to convert the gravitational frequency shift of light into a measurable phase shift or time delay. Two conceptual models are explored. In the first model, long counter-propagating pulses are used in a vertical fiber optic Sagnac interferometer. The second model uses optical solitons in vertically separated fiber optic storage rings. We discuss the feasibility of using such an instrument to make a high precision measurement of the gravitational frequency shift of light.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure

Leading Order Temporal Asymptotics of the Modified Non-Linear Schrodinger Equation: Solitonless Sector

Using the matrix Riemann-Hilbert factorisation approach for non-linear evolution equations (NLEEs) integrable in the sense of the inverse scattering method, we obtain, in the solitonless sector, the leading-order asymptotics as $t$ tends to plus and minus infinity of the solution to the Cauchy initial-value problem for the modified non-linear Schrodinger equation: also obtained are analogous results for two gauge-equivalent NLEEs; in particular, the derivative non-linear Schrodinger equation.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX, revised version of the original submission, to be published in Inverse Problem

Stokes solitons in optical microcavities

Solitons are wave packets that resist dispersion through a self-induced potential well. They are studied in many fields, but are especially well known in optics on account of the relative ease of their formation and control in optical fibre waveguides. Besides their many interesting properties, solitons are important to optical continuum generation, in mode-locked lasers, and have been considered as a natural way to convey data over great distances. Recently, solitons have been realized in microcavities, thereby bringing the power of microfabrication methods to future applications. This work reports a soliton not previously observed in optical systems, the Stokes soliton. The Stokes soliton forms and regenerates by optimizing its Raman interaction in space and time within an optical potential well shared with another soliton. The Stokes and the initial soliton belong to distinct transverse mode families and benefit from a form of soliton trapping that is new to microcavities and soliton lasers in general. The discovery of a new optical soliton can impact work in other areas of photonics, including nonlinear optics and spectroscopy

Optical fiber relative humidity sensor based on a FBG with a di-ureasil coating

In this work we proposed a relative humidity (RH) sensor based on a Bragg grating written in an optical fiber, associated with a coating of organo-silica hybrid material prepared by the sol-gel method. The organo-silica-based coating has a strong adhesion to the optical fiber and its expansion is reversibly affected by the change in the RH values (15.0–95.0%) of the surrounding environment, allowing an increased sensitivity (22.2 pm/%RH) and durability due to the presence of a siliceous-based inorganic component. The developed sensor was tested in a real structure health monitoring essay, in which the RH inside two concrete blocks with different porosity values was measured over 1 year. The results demonstrated the potential of the proposed optical sensor in the monitoring of civil engineering structures