3,649 research outputs found
Measuring Symbol and Icon Characteristics: Norms for Concreteness, Complexity, Meaningfulness, Familiarity, and Semantic Distance for 239 Symbols
This paper provides rating norms for a set of symbols and icons selected from a wide variety of sources. These ratings enable the effects of symbol characteristics on user performance to be systematically investigated. The symbol characteristics that have been quantified are considered to be of central relevance to symbol usability research and include concreteness, complexity, meaningfulness, familiarity, and semantic distance. The interrelationships between each of these dimensions is examined and the importance of using normative ratings for experimental research is discussed
Quantum dynamics in high codimension tilings: from quasiperiodicity to disorder
We analyze the spreading of wavepackets in two-dimensional quasiperiodic and
random tilings as a function of their codimension, i.e. of their topological
complexity. In the quasiperiodic case, we show that the diffusion exponent that
characterizes the propagation decreases when the codimension increases and goes
to 1/2 in the high codimension limit. By constrast, the exponent for the random
tilings is independent of their codimension and also equals 1/2. This shows
that, in high codimension, the quasiperiodicity is irrelevant and that the
topological disorder leads in every case, to a diffusive regime, at least in
the time scale investigated here.Comment: 4 pages, 5 EPS figure
Photonic quasicrystals for general purpose nonlinear optical frequency conversion
We present a general method for the design of 2-dimensional nonlinear
photonic quasicrystals that can be utilized for the simultaneous phase-matching
of arbitrary optical frequency-conversion processes. The proposed scheme--based
on the generalized dual-grid method that is used for constructing tiling models
of quasicrystals--gives complete design flexibility, removing any constraints
imposed by previous approaches. As an example we demonstrate the design of a
color fan--a nonlinear photonic quasicrystal whose input is a single wave at
frequency and whose output consists of the second, third, and fourth
harmonics of , each in a different spatial direction
Evocative computing – creating meaningful lasting experiences in connecting with the past
We present an approach – evocative computing – that demonstrates how ‘at hand’ technologies can be ‘picked up’ and used by people to create meaningful and lasting experiences, through connecting and interacting with the past. The approach is instantiated here through a suite of interactive technologies configured for an indoor-outdoor setting that enables groups to explore, discover and research the history and background of a public cemetery. We report on a two-part study where different groups visited the cemetery and interacted with the digital tools and resources. During their activities serendipitous uses of the technology led to connections being made between personal memo-ries and ongoing activities. Furthermore, these experiences were found to be long-lasting; a follow-up study, one year later, showed them to be highly memorable, and in some cases leading participants to take up new directions in their work. We discuss the value of evocative computing for enriching user experiences and engagement with heritage practices
Machine-interpretable dataset and service descriptions for heterogeneous data access and retrieval
Creation and Growth of Components in a Random Hypergraph Process
Denote by an -component a connected -uniform hypergraph with
edges and vertices. We prove that the expected number of
creations of -component during a random hypergraph process tends to 1 as
and tend to with the total number of vertices such that
. Under the same conditions, we also show that
the expected number of vertices that ever belong to an -component is
approximately . As an immediate
consequence, it follows that with high probability the largest -component
during the process is of size . Our results
give insight about the size of giant components inside the phase transition of
random hypergraphs.Comment: R\'{e}sum\'{e} \'{e}tend
Fluctuations in the Site Disordered Traveling Salesman Problem
We extend a previous statistical mechanical treatment of the traveling
salesman problem by defining a discrete "site disordered'' problem in which
fluctuations about saddle points can be computed. The results clarify the basis
of our original treatment, and illuminate but do not resolve the difficulties
of taking the zero temperature limit to obtain minimal path lengths.Comment: 17 pages, 3 eps figures, revte
RDF Querying
Reactive Web systems, Web services, and Web-based publish/
subscribe systems communicate events as XML messages, and in
many cases require composite event detection: it is not sufficient to react
to single event messages, but events have to be considered in relation to
other events that are received over time.
Emphasizing language design and formal semantics, we describe the
rule-based query language XChangeEQ for detecting composite events.
XChangeEQ is designed to completely cover and integrate the four complementary
querying dimensions: event data, event composition, temporal
relationships, and event accumulation. Semantics are provided as
model and fixpoint theories; while this is an established approach for rule
languages, it has not been applied for event queries before
Probability distributions for quantum stress tensors in four dimensions
We treat the probability distributions for quadratic quantum fields, averaged
with a Lorentzian test function, in four-dimensional Minkowski vacuum. These
distributions share some properties with previous results in two-dimensional
spacetime. Specifically, there is a lower bound at a finite negative value, but
no upper bound. Thus arbitrarily large positive energy density fluctuations are
possible. We are not able to give closed form expressions for the probability
distribution, but rather use calculations of a finite number of moments to
estimate the lower bounds, the asymptotic forms for large positive argument,
and possible fits to the intermediate region. The first 65 moments are used for
these purposes. All of our results are subject to the caveat that these
distributions are not uniquely determined by the moments. However, we also give
bounds on the cumulative distribution function that are valid for any
distribution fitting these moments.We apply the asymptotic form of the
electromagnetic energy density distribution to estimate the nucleation rates of
black holes and of Boltzmann brains.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figure
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