Evaluation of anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Euphorbia Hirta bark against triton ® WR 1339 induced hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is the major risk factor causing many cardiovascular disorders like myocardial infarction and stroke, atherosclerosis. The world has complimented many herbal substances of therapeutic importance. There are many reports about the use of herbal medicine for reduction of lipid profile and reducing the cardiovascular risk in clinical subjects and experimental pharmacology. The plant Euphorbia hirta bark was evaluated for anti-hyperlipidemic activity by Triton (Superinone, Triton WR-1339), induced hyperlipidemia in rats. This study was carried out on the action of Euphorbia hirtabarkethanolic extracts, a known anti-hyperlipidemic drug, Simvostatin (10 mg/kg body wt.), was taken as a standard drug. The statistical parameters of mean± S.E were employed for the calculation of one way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and Dunnet’s test for many comparison’s P < 0.05 were considered as significant. The studies were shown. There was a significant (P<0.01) reduction in serum levels in lipid profile experiments. It has reported a significant lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipopreotein (VLDL) and an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL).The study confirmed that ethanolic extract of Euphorbia hirta bark having significant anti-hyperlipidemic action proving a potential herbal medicine as an alternative to currenttreatment of hyperlipidemia

Isolation, Production, and Characterization of Serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM) of Indian Major Carp Cirrhinus mrigal (MRIGAL)

A method for the isolation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigal (mrigal) serum to produce polyclonal antibodies is described in the present study. The purified immunoglobulins (IgM) were isolated from the serum of mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) by the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-CL affinity column purification method, and the IgM was used to produce a polyclonal rabbit anti-mrigal IgM antiserum. The IgM preparations were employed in the characterization of mrigal serum immunoglobulin. Reduced mrigal IgM on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was shown to consist of two subunits, compatible with heavy and light chains. A single heavy chain at approximately 90 kDa and variant of light chain 30 kDa were found. The dominant form of nonreduced IgM had a MW of approximately 900 kDa, suggesting a tetrameric structure based on estimated molecular weights, the relative protein content, and the reactivity with anti-mrigal IgM antisera, was obtained. The antisera were characterized as to specificity and reactivity by means of the enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting method. The information on the structure and character of immunoglobulin of fishes is essential in health management. The study described here investigates the possibility of using the serological techniques to assess the reactivity of antibody with the anti-mrigal IgM antisera

Global assessment of small RNAs reveals a non-coding transcript involved in biofilm formation and attachment in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> ATCC 17978

<div><p>Many strains of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> have been described as being able to form biofilm. Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) control gene expression in many regulatory circuits in bacteria. The aim of the present work was to provide a global description of the sRNAs produced both by planktonic and biofilm-associated (sessile) cells of <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> ATCC 17978, and to compare the corresponding gene expression profiles to identify sRNAs molecules associated to biofilm formation and virulence. sRNA was extracted from both planktonic and sessile cells and reverse transcribed. cDNA was subjected to 454-pyrosequencing using the GS-FLX Titanium chemistry. The global analysis of the small RNA transcriptome revealed different sRNA expression patterns in planktonic and biofilm associated cells, with some of the transcripts only expressed or repressed in sessile bacteria. A total of 255 sRNAs were detected, with 185 of them differentially expressed in the different types of cells. A total of 9 sRNAs were expressed only in biofilm cells, while the expression of other 21 coding regions were repressed only in biofilm cells. Strikingly, the expression level of the sRNA 13573 was 120 times higher in biofilms than in planktonic cells, an observation that prompted us to further investigate the biological role of this non-coding transcript. Analyses of an isogenic mutant and over-expressing strains revealed that the sRNA 13573 gene is involved in biofilm formation and attachment to A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. The present work serves as a basis for future studies examining the complex regulatory network that regulate biofilm biogenesis and attachment to eukaryotic cells in <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> ATCC 17978.</p></div