CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT POLICY AND CHANGING COMMUNAL HABITUS TOWARD LOCAL FOOD MARGINALIZATION

The national food security policy attained through food self-sufficiency is artificial because it does not reflect the actual situation. This policy cannot consolidate various local food resources to serve as the foundation of inclusive national and regional food security. Instead, it tends to rely on exclusive and uniform food security, specifically rice. This contrasts with the geographical reality of Indonesia, which is ecologically endowed with abundant local food resources. This study seeks to explain why local food is neglected in national and regional food security policy frameworks and strategies, although it is acknowledged at the level of ideas and regulations but difficult to implement at the level of practice. This case study was conducted through a series of observations and in-depth interviews with regional policymakers and agricultural communities based on generational differences between those aged 60 and older and those aged 60 and younger. Using the Habitus-Bourdieu analysis, this study discovered that the green revolution policy led to the formation of a collective habitus at the state level, which was then institutionalized in various structural policies of the central and local government, resulting in the formation of an individual habitus at the community level. This habitus that transforms cultivation and food consumption patterns to prioritize rice and marginalizes local foods has created food insecurity, particularly in Savanna ecological regions like Sumba

Wildlife Reservoirs of Canine Distemper Virus Resulted in a Major Outbreak in Danish Farmed Mink (<em>Neovison vison</em>)

A major outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) in Danish farmed mink (Neovison vison) started in the late summer period of 2012. At the same time, a high number of diseased and dead wildlife species such as foxes, raccoon dogs, and ferrets were observed. To track the origin of the outbreak virus full-length sequencing of the receptor binding surface protein hemagglutinin (H) was performed on 26 CDV's collected from mink and 10 CDV's collected from wildlife species. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus circulating in the mink farms and wildlife were highly identical with an identity at the nucleotide level of 99.45% to 100%. The sequences could be grouped by single nucleotide polymorphisms according to geographical distribution of mink farms and wildlife. The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) receptor binding region in most viruses from both mink and wildlife contained G at position 530 and Y at position 549; however, three mink viruses had an Y549H substitution. The outbreak viruses clustered phylogenetically in the European lineage and were highly identical to wildlife viruses from Germany and Hungary (99.29% – 99.62%). The study furthermore revealed that fleas (Ceratophyllus sciurorum) contained CDV and that vertical transmission of CDV occurred in a wild ferret. The study provides evidence that wildlife species, such as foxes, play an important role in the transmission of CDV to farmed mink and that the virus may be maintained in the wild animal reservoir between outbreaks

Decrease in coccolithophore calcification and CO2 since the middle Miocene

International audienceMarine algae are instrumental in carbon cycling and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) regulation. One group, coccolithophores, uses carbon to photosynthesize and to calcify, covering their cells with chalk platelets (coccoliths). How ocean acidification influences coccolithophore calcification is strongly debated, and the effects of carbonate chemistry changes in the geological past are poorly understood. This paper relates degree of coccolith calcification to cellular calcification, and presents the first records of size-normalized coccolith thickness spanning the last 14 Myr from tropical oceans. Degree of calcification was highest in the low-pH, high-CO2 Miocene ocean, but decreased significantly between 6 and 4 Myr ago. Based on this and concurrent trends in a new alkenone εp record, we propose that decreasing CO2 partly drove the observed trend via reduced cellular bicarbonate allocation to calcification. This trend reversed in the late Pleistocene despite low CO2, suggesting an additional regulator of calcification such as alkalinity

Preparation of Hydrogen Permeable Membrane Using Nanoparticles Electrophoresis Technique

Hydrogen perm-selective membranes composed of Pd nanoparticles were investigated. The nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic reduction from PdII ions, and then deposited on a substrate disc with electrophoresis technique. These electrophoretic membranes have shown high performance of perm-selectivity for H2 with separation factor α = 3.85, under room temperature

Local Papuan Migrants: Wamena Migrants in an Urban City of Jayapura, Papua-Indonesia

This study aimed to understand the role of local migrants in urban economic development. A qualitative case study approach was used to examine the characteristics and role of the social capital of migrants from Wamena in Jayapura, Indonesia. The data used in this study were collected through in-depth interviews and field observation as well as statistical data from the Central Statistics Agency of Jayapura. The results indicate that the social capital of migrants reconstructed cultural values through an intensification of multi-ethnic relations within the domestic economic system of urban areas. Wamena migrants contributed to the economic growth in urban areas because of the correlation between norms, beliefs and social networking as forms of local wisdom. Local wisdom was able to strengthen the internal and external social relations of the Wamena migrant community in various economic activities as coping and survival strategies. Specifically, the findings of this study offer an additional view to the conceptual framework of sustainable livelihoods from Robert Chambers and Gordon Conway (1991), namely that local wisdom integrated with forms of social capital can be utilized to create sustainable livelihoods. Thus, this study shows that the local migrants from Wamena have formed a community-based economic system integrated with local wisdom to maintain a livelihood in urban areas, in this case Jayapura, Indonesia.Abstrak. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami peran migran lokal dalam pembangunan ekonomi perkotaan. Pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif digunakan untuk memeriksa karakteristik dan peran modal sosial migran dari Wamena di Jayapura, Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi lapangan serta data statistik dari Badan Pusat Statistik Jayapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial yang dibentuk telah merekonstruksi nilai-nilai budaya yang konservatif ke liberal, melalui intensifikasi hubungan multi-etnis yang terintegrasi dalam sistem ekonomi domestik di daerah perkotaan. Migran Wamena memainkan peran penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi di perkotaan karena korelasi antara norma, kepercayaan, dan jejaring sosial sebagai bentuk kearifan lokal. Kearifan lokal mampu memperkuat hubungan sosial internal dan eksternal komunitas migran Wamena dalam berbagai kegiatan ekonomi sebagai strategi koping dan bertahan hidup. Secara khusus, temuan ini menawarkan ide baru dalam kerangka konseptual pendekatan penghidupan berkelanjutan oleh Robert Chambers dan Gordon Conway pada tahun 1991, bahwa kearifan lokal yang diintegrasikan dengan bentuk modal sosial dapat digunakan untuk mempertahankan strategi penghidupan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para migran lokal dari Wamena telah membentuk sistem ekonomi berbasis masyarakat yang terintegrasi dengan kearifan lokal untuk mempertahankan mata pencaharian di daerah perkotaan, yang dalam hal ini adalah Jayapura, Indonesia.Kata kunci. Migran lokal, ekonomi perkotaan, pengetahuan lokal, modal sosial