Kuat Tarik Lentur Beton Geopolymer Berbasis Abu Terbang (Fly Ash)

Tulisan ini membahas tentang beton geopolymer berbasis abu terbang (fly ash). Fly ash yang digunakan adalah produk sampingan industri yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran batu bara pada PLTU Amurang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kuat tarik lentur beton geopolymer melalui pengujian di laboratorium. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah System Two Point Loading Test pada benda uji balok dengan ukuran 10cm x 10cm x 50cm. Produk penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah grafik hubungan antara kuat tarik lentur beton terhadap curing time dengan variasi waktu 4 jam, 8 jam, 12 jam dan 24 jam pada temperatur 60°C dengan menggunakan oven. Dari grafik tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa, nilai kuat tarik lentur meningkat seiring dengan lamanya curing time. Kuat tarik lentur maksimum terjadi pada curing time selama 24 jam

Pemanfaatan Pohon Pisang untuk Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat

: This community service was carried out in form of training for the society in Tlogosari Wetan, Semarang. It was held in the hall of Tlogosari wetan centre. In this training, the participants were given some materials relating to how to get money by making products from all parts of banana trees. The methods which were used in this community service were explaining and question and answer. All the participants were excited and did not go anywhere till the training was over. They asked many questions on how to make products from banana, banana leaves, etc. The result of this training shows that the participants are getting interested in making products from banana trees to increase their incom

Towards elimination of measles and rubella in Italy. Progress and challenges

Introduction In the WHO European Region, endemic transmission of measles and rubella had been interrupted by 37 and 42 of the 53 member states (MSs), respectively, by 2018. Sixteen MSs are still endemic for measles, 11 for rubella and nine for both diseases, the latter including Italy. Elimination is documented by each country’s National Verification Committee (NVC) through an annual status update (ASU). Objective By analysing data used to produce the ASUs, we aimed to describe the advances made by Italy towards elimination of measles and rubella. Moreover, we propose a set of major interventions that could facilitate the elimination process. Methods A total of 28 indicators were identified within the six core sections of the ASU form and these were evaluated for the period 2013–2018. These indicators relate to the incidence of measles/rubella; epidemiological investigation of cases; investigation of outbreaks; performance of the surveillance system; population immunity levels; and implementation of supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). Results From 2013 to 2018, epidemiological and laboratory analyses of measles cases in Italy improved substantially, allowing timely investigation in 2017 and 2018 of most outbreak and sporadic cases and identification of the majority of genotypic variants. Moreover, since 2017, vaccination coverage has increased significantly. Despite these improvements, several areas of concern emerged, prompting the following recommendations: i) improve outbreak monitoring; ii) strengthen the MoRoNet network; iii) increase the number of SIAs; iv) reinforce vaccination services; v) maintain regional monitoring; vi) design effective communication strategies; vii) foster the role of general practitioners and family paediatricians. Conclusions The review of national ASUs is a crucial step to provide the NVC with useful insights into the elimination process and to guide the development of targeted interventions. Against this background, the seven recommendations proposed by the NVC have been shared with the Italian Ministry of Health and the Technical Advisory Group on measles and rubella elimination and have been incorporated into the new Italian Elimination Plan 2019–2023 as a technical aid to facilitate the achievement of disease elimination goals

The impact of age at onset of bipolar I disorder on functioning and clinical presentation

Background: Most studies investigating maternal mood across the transition from pregnancy to the postnatal period have focused on depression. In contrast, little is known about patterns of anxiety across this period. This study aimed to 1) assess patterns of anxiety and depression across pregnancy and the postpartum, 2) investigate associations between antenatal mood and HPA axis hormones and 3) determine the extent to which antenatal anxiety, depression and HPA axis activity predict postnatal mood disorders. Methods: Participants were recruited antenatally as part of a prospective study undertaken at the Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney. Ninety-four women completed self-report measures of anxiety and depression at 30–32 and 36-38 weeks gestation, and at 6 months postpartum. They were also administered a structured diagnostic interview (MINI-Plus) at 36–38 weeks gestation and at 6 months postpartum to determine the presence of DSM-IV anxiety and depression. Blood samples were collected at 30–32 weeks gestation for bioassays of HPA axis hormones (CRH, ACTH and cortisol). Results: The data indicate signifi cant stability in maternal mood across pregnancy and the postpartum and associations between anxiety and depression were moderate-high at each assessment. Despite the stability of depression, an anxiety disorder in pregnancy appears to be a greater risk factor for a postnatal anxiety [odds ratio (OR) = 10.20, P < 0.005] or depressive disorder (OR = 7.90, P < 0.005) than antenatal depression. Antenatal neuroendocrine parameters were unrelated to either antenatal or postnatal anxiety or depression. Conclusion: These results clearly highlight the importance of anxiety in both the pre- and postnatal periods.2 page(s

congenital rubella still a public health problem in italy analysis of national surveillance data from 2005 to 2013

In accordance with the goal of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, the Italian national measles and rubella elimination plan aims to reduce the incidence of congenital rubella cases to?less than?one case per 100,000 live births by the end of 2015. We report national surveillance data for congenital rubella and rubella in pregnancy from 2005 to 2013. A total of 75 congenital rubella infections were reported; the national annual mean incidence was 1.5/100,000 live births, including probable and confirmed cases according to European Union case definition. Two peaks occurred in 2008 and 2012 (5.0 and 3.6/100,000 respectively). Overall, 160 rubella infections in pregnancy were reported; 69/148 women were multiparous and 38/126 had had a rubella antibody test before pregnancy. Among reported cases, there were 62 infected newborns, 31 voluntary abortions, one stillbirth and one spontaneous abortion. A total of 24 newborns were unclassified and 14 women were lost to follow-up, so underestimation is likely. To improve follow-up of cases, systematic procedures for monitoring infected mothers and children were introduced in 2013. To prevent congenital rubella, antibody screening before pregnancy and vaccination of susceptible women, including post-partum and post-abortum vaccination, should be promoted. Population coverage?of two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination of ≥?95% should be maintained and knowledge of health professionals improved

Description of two measles outbreaks in the Lazio Region, Italy (2006-2007). Importance of pockets of low vaccine coverage in sustaining the infection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite the launch of the national plan for measles elimination, in Italy, immunization coverage remains suboptimal and outbreaks continue to occur. Two measles outbreaks, occurred in Lazio region during 2006-2007, were investigated to identify sources of infection, transmission routes, and assess operational implications for elimination of the disease.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data were obtained from several sources, the routine infectious diseases surveillance system, field epidemiological investigations, and molecular genotyping of virus by the national reference laboratory.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall 449 cases were reported, sustained by two different stereotypes overlapping for few months. Serotype D4 was likely imported from Romania by a Roma/Sinti family and subsequently spread to the rest of the population. Serotype B3 was responsible for the second outbreak which started in a secondary school. Pockets of low vaccine coverage individuals (Roma/Sinti communities, high school students) facilitated the reintroduction of serotypes not endemic in Italy and facilitated the measles infection to spread.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Communities with low vaccine coverage represent a more serious public health threat than do sporadic susceptible individuals. The successful elimination of measles will require additional efforts to immunize low vaccine coverage population groups, including hard-to-reach individuals, adolescents, and young adults. An enhanced surveillance systems, which includes viral genotyping to document chains of transmission, is an essential tool for evaluating strategy to control and eliminate measles</p

Measles outbreak on a cruise ship in the western Mediterranean, February 2014, preliminary report

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Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Immune Response to Cutaneous Melanoma

The immune response to melanoma improves the survival in untreated patients and predicts the response to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we report genetic and environmental predictors of the immune response in a large primary cutaneous melanoma cohort. Bioinformatic analysis of 703 tumor transcriptomes was used to infer immune cell infiltration and to categorize tumors into immune subgroups, which were then investigated for association with biological pathways, clinicopathologic factors, and copy number alterations. Three subgroups, with “low”, “intermediate”, and “high” immune signals, were identified in primary tumors and replicated in metastatic tumors. Genes in the low subgroup were enriched for cell-cycle and metabolic pathways, whereas genes in the high subgroup were enriched for IFN and NF-κB signaling. We identified high MYC expression partially driven by amplification, HLA-B downregulation, and deletion of IFNγ and NF-κB pathway genes as the regulators of immune suppression. Furthermore, we showed that cigarette smoking, a globally detrimental environmental factor, modulates immunity, reducing the survival primarily in patients with a strong immune response. Together, these analyses identify a set of factors that can be easily assessed that may serve as predictors of response to immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. Significance: These findings identify novel genetic and environmental modulators of the immune response against primary cutaneous melanoma and predict their impact on patient survival