The Corporate Conscience and Environmental Issues: Responsibility of the Multinational Corporation

I shall attempt in this Article to put forward my view of the multinational corporation\u27s responsibility towards the environment in an objective manner, being constructively critical and adequately commending whenever appropriate. In so doing, however, it should be made clear at the outset that there is no intent to put forward the view of any industry as a whole, nor do I mean to imply that what I will have to say is any official position of my own company. This Article will reflect my individual view of how I believe my company and others have reacted and should react in the future on environmental issues

Do different marketing practices pre-suppose different frames of reference? An exploratory study

Purpose: The role of managerial assumptions in the formulation of organizational strategies has been well recognized by previous studies, yet in marketing literature, the effect of such imperative on marketing practice choice tends to be ignored. Therefore, this paper aims to empirically investigate how management assumptions fit with the choice of marketing practices, and how such fit affects performance. Design/methodology/approach: A model is developed and tested using survey methodology, and the data are analyzed using the partial least square (PLS) approach. Findings: The results show that different marketing practices were coupled with different frames of reference, resulting in viable matching profiles. Research limitations/implications: Given the novelty of the approach adopted in this study, conclusions about association and not causation are drawn. In addition, the study is restricted to Qatar which may reduce the generalizability of its findings and conclusions. Practical implications: The findings will help managers to examine carefully the internal logic of their marketing-related profiling, where coherent variables will enhance performance. Originality/value: To one’s knowledge, this paper reports a work in an area not previously researched. In addition, this study is one of the rare papers that examines unobserved heterogeneity using the PLS-structural equation modeling (SEM) in the field of marketing. © 2018, Allam Abu Farha and Said Elbanna.Scopu

Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu Nymphalidae di Hutan Kota Kuwil Minahasa Utara Sulawesi Utara

Nymphalidae merupakan famili yang memiliki jumlah spesies terbesar dibandingkan dengan famili lainnya. Kupu-kupu tersebut dalam suatu ekosistem memiliki peran yang penting yaitu sebagai polinator dalam penyerbukan, dan dapat dijadikan bioindikator lingkungan. Data kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman kupu-kupu Nymphalidae pada kawasan hutan Kuwil pada saat ini belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies kupu-kupu famili Nymphalidae di Hutan Kota Kuwil Minahasa Utara. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode transek. Penempatan transek pada setiap habitat dilakukan secara Purposive Random Sampling. Tipe habitat pada lokasi penelitian adalah pinggir sungai, hutan dan kebun. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sepanjang garis transek menggunakan sweepnet. Komposisi spesies Nymphaldae ditemukan sebanyak  21 spesies dan 208 individu. Spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi adalah Parthenos shylvia dan Idea blnchardii. Analisis keanekaragaman didapatkan kelimpahan spesies Nymphalidae pada habitat pinggir sungai sebesar 101 individu, hutan 70 individu,  dan kebun 37 individu. Indeks keanekargaman spesies di pinggir sungai 2,55, hutan 2,41 dan kebun 2,03. Indeks kekayaan spesies pinggir sungai 3,25, hutan 3,06 dan kebun 2,49. Indek kemerataan spesies pinggir sungai memiliki nilai yang sama dengan hutan yaitu sebesar 0,91, sedangkan pada kebun sebesar 0,88. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut didapatkan bahwa kelimpahan, indeks kekayaan dan indeks keanekaragaman spesies kupu-kupu Nymhalidae  tertinggi ditemukan pada habitat pinggir sungaiNymphalidae is a family with the largest number of species compared to other families. This butterfly has an important role as a pollinator for pollination in an ecosystem, and can be used as an environmental bioindicator. Data on abundance and variation of Nymphalidae butterflies in the Kuwil forest area was not avilable. This study aims to analyze the abundance and species of Nymphalidae family butterflies in the Forest of the Northern Minahasa Region. The sampling technique that was used is the transect method. Transect placement in each habitat was done by Purposive Random Sampling. The habitat types at the study site are on the river banks, forests and gardens. Sampling was carried out along the transect line using sweepnet. The composition of the Nymphaldae species  found was 21 species and 208 individuals. The species with have the highest abundance are Parthenos shylvia and Idea blnchardii. Diversit

Effect Of Fenugreek And Curry Leaves Powder On Dyslipidemia- A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Background: Dyslipidemias, a disorder of lipid metabolism, is widely established as an independent major and modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The conditions are common worldwide and a leading cause of death in India, and has even riven the age bar swaying in young people too. The significant effect of an increase in dyslipidemias depends on diabetes and hypertension. Nutraceuticals, derived from food sources serve as an alternative therapy for the management of dyslipidemia. India is home to multitudinous medicinal plants, of which many remain underutilized. Murraya Koenigii (curry leaf) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek leaves) are well-proven as good sources of nutraceutical and functional foods. Objectives: To study the effect of fenugreek and curry leaves powder on dyslipidemia and also the dietary habits of dyslipidemic subjects. Materials and Methods: 31 subjects aged between 40-70 years were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and grouped into group 1(hypertensive with dyslipidemia), group 2 (diabetic with dyslipidemia), and group 3 (only dyslipidemia) supplemented with the mixture of fenugreek and curry leaf powder for 3 months. Results: Reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed in group 2 (DM+DLP) and group 1 (HTN+DLP) i.e 221.2±29 and 193±72.4 respectively. The HDL levels increased in all three groups. Reduced VLDL and FBS levels were observed in all three groups. Conclusion: Our findings showed that fenugreek and curry leaf powder supplementation, as a phenolic-rich herb can be effective in the reduction of some lipid profiles in dyslipidemic patients suggesting their potential neutraceutical role in treating CVD

Antioxidant effect of Morus indica L against paraquat-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster

BACKGROUND: Mulberry extracts and active components have numerous good neurological and biological benefits, making them promising candidates in the research for new medications to treat neurological problems. METHODS: In the present study we evaluated the neuroprotective role of mulberry fruit extract against the paraquat (PQ) induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. After the exposure to PQ, Flies were assayed for climbing activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide (LPO) content, acetylcholine esterase activities (AChe), and also the antioxidant defense system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities (CAT) and glutathione synthetase (GSH) RESULTS: In a negative geotaxis assay, MF pre-treated flies exposed to PQ showed a lower incidence of mortality and enhanced climbing activities of flies when compared to untreated flies exposed to PQ. In addition, when exposed to PQ, untreated flies resulted in a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in oxidative stress markers such as ROS, LPO content and AChe and decreased the antioxidant defense system such as SOD, CAT, and GSH. However, flies pre-treated with MF when exposed to PQ ameliorated oxidative stress markers and by restoring the antioxidant defense system, additionally, the pre-treatment of MF flies also reduced AChe activities. CONCLUSION: The pre-treatment of flies with MF extract has the potential to reduce PQ-induced oxidative stress due to its antioxidative nature and ability to modify the activities of antioxidant defense systems. However, further research is needed to understand the exact mechanism of its activity

Comparative Study on Nutrition Knowledge and Consumption of Dietary Supplements among Athletes and Fitness Practitioners

Background: The use of dietary supplements, in the form of protein powders, branched chain amino-aids, multi-vitamins and minerals is widespread in the field of nutrition, fitness and aesthetics to boost nutrition levels, enhance athletic performance or assist in weight loss. The present survey was carried out to study the nutritional knowledge and consumption of dietary supplements among athletes and gym-goers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among athletes and gym-goers (n=100) selected from various gym and stadium in the city of Mysore using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Results: The knowledge and consumption of dietary supplements was higher among gym-goers when compared to that of athletes. Majority (52%) of the gym-goers consumed supplements which included Whey protein in powder form (80%) from past one year. The side effects of supplement consumption was observed among 9.5% athletes. Conclusion: The use of supplements among gym goers was very high which can further lead to health illness eventually. Therefore, this study recommends that users should be sensitized on the importance, protective measures and side effects of using excess nutritional supplements without the consultations of nutritionists/dietetians

GAMBARAN PENERAPAN PEDOMAN UMUM GIZI SEIMBANG MAHASISWA SEMESTER VI FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Pada masa pandemi COVID-19 ini WHO telah merekomendasikan menu gizi seimbang yaitu disetiap menu makanan harus mencakup nutrisi lengkap, baik itu makronutrien seperti karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serta mikronutrien dari vitamin dan mineral. Dalam meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh selama masa pandemi COVID-19, kita harus mempertahankan pola makan gizi seimbang, cuci tangan dengan air mengalir dan sabun serta rutin melakukan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penerapan pedoman umum gizi seimbang pada mahasiswa semester VI Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain cross – sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 151 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi pada bulan Juni – Agustus 2020. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menghubungi responden melalui whatsapp kemudian membagikan kuesioner online melalui aplikasi google forms kepada responden dan pengukuran menggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pedoman umum gizi seimbang pada mahasiswa semester VI Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi sebagian besar masuk pada kategori cukup yaitu sebanyak 128 orang (84,7%). Adapun yang termasuk dalam kategori kurang yaitu sebanyak 9 orang (6%). Kata Kunci: Pedoman Umum Gizi Seimbang, Mahasiswa Semester VI, COVID-19 ABSTRACTDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO has recommended a balanced nutrition menu, namely that each food menu must include complete nutrition, be it macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and micronutrients from vitamins and minerals. In boosting the immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic, we must maintain a balanced diet, wash hands with running water and soap and do regular physical activities. This study aims to determine the description of the application of general guidelines for balanced nutrition in semester VI students of the Sam Ratulangi University Public Health Faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is descriptive quantitative with cross-sectional design with a total sample of 151 people. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University in June - August 2020. Data collection was carried out by contacting respondents via WhatsApp then distributing online questionnaires through the google forms application to respondents and measuring using a Likert scale. The results showed that the implementation of general guidelines for balanced nutrition in the sixth semester students of the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University was mostly in the moderate category, namely 128 people (84,7%). As for those included in the less category, as many as 9 people (6%). Keywords: General Guidelines for Balanced Nutrition, Sixth Semester Students, COVID-19

Acquaintance, approach and application of pharmacovigilance: questionnaire based study at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Dhaka

Background: Pharmacovigilance is proven as an effective monitoring mechanism for safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products with the assistance of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to avoid undue physical, mental and financial suffering of patients. Thus, this study was conducted to assess awareness of pharmacovigilance among the healthcare service providers to evaluate the acquaintance, approach application (3A) of judicial reporting of ADRs and pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Dhaka.Methods: A pre-tested questionnaire-based study was done among the 5th year medical students, interns, doctors and nurses of Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh to assess the overall status of acquaintance (knowledge), approach (attitude) and application (practice) pharmacovigilance. Total 417 questionnaires were distributed and 389 were included as valid, compiled and analysed using SPSS version 25.0.Results: Among the respondents, almost 78% of the nurses responded the right answers and doctors responded the lowest 29% on average. The average percentage of approach and application of pharmacovigilance was low in all the respondent groups. The poorest outcome was observed about reporting an adverse drug reactions (ADR) form by all respondents as 01% to 08%.Conclusions: The overall status of pharmacovigilance in a tertiary teaching hospital was found paradoxically low, that revealed the necessity of much more initiatives at the undergraduate and postgraduate academic curriculum and intensive motivation, training, monitoring should be addressed to ensure the safety of medication, rationality of drug use and accomplish the national pharmacovigilance programs

Deskripsi Alga Makro di Taman Wisata Alam Batuputih, Kota Bitung

DESKRIPSI ALGA MAKRO DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM BATUPUTIH, KOTA BITUNG Marnix L.D. Langoy1), Saroyo1), Farha N.J. Dapas1), Deidy Y. Katili 1), dan Syamsul Bachry Hamsir2) 1)Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115 2)Mahasiswa Program Sarjana Program Studi Biologi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado 95115 ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang biodiversitas alga telah dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman alga makro di Taman Wisata Alam Batuputih Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Taman Wisata Alam Batuputih, Kota Bitung dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2009. Pada lokasi penelitian dibuat 5 garis transek dengan jarak antara satu transek dengan transek berikutnya adalah 50 m. Setiap transek diambil 5 plot dengan ukuran 1 m x 1 m. Penempatan plot adalah 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, dan 50 m dari garis pantai. Dengan demikian total plot penelitian sebanyak 50 plot. Pada setiap plot dihitung jumlah spesies alga yang ditemukan serta luas penutupannya, serta jumlah individu/koloni. Identifikasi jenis dilakukan di lapangan dengan menggunakan buku-buku identifikasi alga dan dilakukan konfirmasi di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Taman Wisata Alam Batuputih pada 50 plot ditemukan 411 individu alga makro dengan 18 spesies yang berasal dari 3 divisi yakni Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta dan Phaeophyta. Dalam Divisi Rhodophyta dan Chlorophyta terdapat 7 spesies dengan 6 famili yang ditemukan, lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan Divisi Phaeophyta yang hanya ditemukan 4 spesies dengan 3 famili. Kata kunci: alga, biodiversitas, Taman Wisata Alam Batuputih BIODIVERSITY OF ALGAE AT BATUPUTIH TOURISM PARK, BITUNG DISTRICT ABSTRACT A research about algae diversity has been conducted to analysis macro-algae biodiversity at Batuputih Tourism Park, Bitung City, North Sulawesi from January to December 2009. At the above location, 5 line transects were made and the distance between previous and next transect was 50 m. In each transect, 5 plots were formed as representation to the the location. Plot size was 1 m x 1 m placed at 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, and 50 m from zero point. Therefore, the total of plot in this research was 50 plots. In all plots, algae species richness, its covering and total of individuals/colony. Species identification was done in the field by using some algae identification manuals and confirmation was done at laboratory. Results of the research showed that: there were 411 individuals of algae in 50 plots at Batuputih Tourism Park. All individuals were classified into 18 species that included in 3 divisions, those were Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta. In the Division Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta, there were 7 species within 6 families, more than Division Phaeophyta that only consisted of 4 species within 3 families