A Comprehensive Review of Ethical Guideline on Biomarker Application and Research

Background: Biomarker research is essential for personalized medicine, providing insights into disease causes, diagnostics, and treatment methods. However, informed consent, privacy, data protection, and vulnerable population impacts are major ethical considerations in this quickly developing profession. Method This thorough overview analyzes existing legal frameworks, such as HIPAA and GDPR, and assesses growing ethical criteria for biomarker research and implementation. A examination of case studies, ethical considerations, and regulatory rules examines how biomarker research has handled sensitive data and protected participant rights. Result Key results indicate that informed consent is a significant issue in biomarker research owing to its complexity and continual participant participation. Potential solutions include dynamic consent models that increase participant autonomy. Data protection requirements must be followed since sensitive biological and genetic data increases privacy and confidentiality threats. Biomarker ethical issues, especially in predictive and diagnostic settings, may lead to abuse and unexpected effects. This study emphasizes the need for ethical protections to assure fair representation and avoid exploitation in biomarker research, which disproportionately affects underprivileged communities. Conclusion: Addressing ethical concerns is crucial for responsible biomarker research advancement. Maintaining public trust and supporting equitable, ethical biomarker uses requires strengthening ethical frameworks, informed consent, and data privacy

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF OUSHADHI TOOTH POWDER USING MICROBES ISOLATED FROM DENTAL PLAQUE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS.

The oral cavity houses diverse microbial species influenced by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors, leading to biofilm formation and subsequent plaque build-up with caries evolution. Prevention strategies focusing on herbal ingredients and their efficacy in preventing dental plaque are essential to study. The mouth\u27s microflora acts as a natural barrier to pathogens, playing a crucial role in host defense. However, some microorganisms are opportunistic pathogens that can cause transient bacteremia and pyogenic infections. Hence, it is imperative to evaluate the efficacy of tooth powder in preventing bacterial adhesion using models that simulate biofilm formation in the oral environment. Additionally, antimicrobial sensitivity tests are performed to assess the effectiveness of ingredients present in tooth powder. These tests can help develop better oral healthcare products like herbal toothpaste, mouthwashes, and gargles. Improper oral health maintenance can lead to tooth and gum disease, which, if left untreated, can worsen chronic health conditions such as heart disease, arthritis, and diabetes. Maintaining oral health in the elderly presents unique challenges. This study aims to study the various parameters of an effective herbal toothpowder which contains mango leaves and suggest its form change to a mouthwash which may be better accepted. It is hoped that such a mouthwash will motivate geriatric patients to take an enthusiastic role in caring for their oral health holistically

Recent Trends in Medical Education to Sustain an Effective Practice - A Systematic Review

Learning processes in medical practices in medicinal schools put more emphasis on the hard sciences than they do on developing soft skills like empathy and communication. For this reason, the medical humanities emerged to provide a different take on the creative process. Medical ethics, the doctor-patient relationship, clinical research, mental illness, and professionalism are just a few of the topics that have been utilized to discuss in medical school. A strong connection between classroom learning and clinical experience is crucial for medical school graduates. Students graduating from a medical program are expected to have experience with patient care, clinical procedures, and theoretical understanding. These expectations are not reaching the level in classical or conventional teaching pedagogies of medical education. The recent approaches practiced in medical education provide greater outcomes with expertise and knowledge. This review focuses on the merits and demerits of conventional teaching methods practiced in medical education over the advantages achieved through modern technologies like e-learning and digital learning that have been implemented to produce medical professionals having profound knowledge in respective fields in a safe and convenient environment

EXPLORING THE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY

The Vitamin D endocrine system, comprising of Vitamin D, its receptor (VDR), and metabolic enzymes, coordinates essential physiological functions influencing skeletal metabolism, immune response, and various diseases including osteoarthritis, cancer, and obesity. Understanding the impact of genetic variations, particularly the VDR gene, on disease susceptibility is crucial. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Vitamin D metabolism, deciphering how the VDR gene works and understanding how different versions of the gene impact complex diseases. It provides a brief overview of the association between VDR gene polymorphisms in inflammatory disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, coronary artery disease, asthma, cancer, and infectious diseases. Despite significant findings linking VDR gene polymorphisms to disease risk; inconsistencies across populations warrant further investigation. Future research works are vital for elucidating the intricate connections between gene variations and susceptibility of disease, paving the way for personalized healthcare interventions and targeted therapies

Establishing Psychiatry Clubs: Novel Approach to Enhance Psychiatry Teaching Learning in India

Despite the fact that over 150 million Indians suffer from psychiatric disorders, the country faces a severe shortage of mental health professionals, with less than 1,300 psychiatrists graduating annually. One such solution is the establishment of Psychiatry Clubs in medical colleges, which can significantly enhance awareness, education, and community engagement in mental health. The Psychiatry Club at JSS Medical College, Mysuru, established on October 10, 2023, aims to promote mental well-being, provide peer support, as well as foster professional development through workshops, seminars, and collaborations with other mental health professionals and other student led organisations. These clubs offer a sustainable model to bridge the gap between the psychiatry department and students, increasing knowledge and encouraging help-seeking behavior. Further research is needed to assess their impact on improving psychiatry education as well as addressing the broader mental health challenges in India

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Barbaloin: A Wonder Constituent from Aloe Vera Plant

The aim of current study was to explore chemistry and therapeutic potential of barbaloin. A detailed literature review was carried out at various data bases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, etc. The healing plant aloe emodin\u27s main compound is barbaloin (C21H22O9), anthrone\u27s C-glucoside. The Liliace family includes perennial succulent aloe vera. Barbaloin, a pale-yellow aloe vera powder, is a first-group glucoside of the alove emodin anthrone molecule. Barbaloin has anti-inflammatory, cathartic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant qualities that prevent cancer. Barbaloin also improves cardiovascular health, test perception, enzyme metabolism, and bioavailability. Barbaloin may help treat eczema, psoriasis, and burns. Barbaloin peaked three hours after oral dose. Molecular coupling studies have suggested these drugs may cure COVID-19. Many analytical methods exist for measuring aloin in aloe products. This paper summarizes the pharmacological properties, analytical method, chemical structure, extraction procedure, ethnomedicinal importance, and commercial value of barbaloin, which could be used to develop more effective and accessible formulations

Phytosynthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles from Piper betle (L.) var. Mysore and Evaluation of Anti-microbial properties

Background: Piper betle L., is a well-known herb in Asia, popular for its fragrance and mouth-refreshing properties. With more than 100 varieties, it has a number of medicinal and socio-economic benefits. Its phenolic constituents have been displayed to treat oral anaerobes, animate lipase action, and reduces lipid peroxidation. Magnetite nanoparticles, with their novel properties, are utilized in different applications, and amalgamating with plant sources, increases the efficacy of the nanoparticles to many folds. Methods: In this study, biogenic synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was carried out using aqueous solutions of Ferric Chloride and Ferrous Sulphate in a ratio of 2:1 with the utilization of crude ethyl acetate extract of Piper betel var. Mysore as reducing, stabilizing, capping and tailing agent. The phytosynthesized MNPs were subjected to check for the inhibition of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumanii, S. aureus, S. mutans, S. pneumoniae, and C. albicans. Results: The phytosynthesized MNPs are having varying size with diameter of 155nm and zeta potential value of 3.6mV. Upon comparing of the plant extracts and MNPs for the inhibition the microbial cultures, MNPs inhibit the growth of all the cultures having the maximum inhibition percentage with S. pneumoniae, and C. albicans of 90.24% and 83.10% respectively. Conclusions: MNPs are being cheap; ecofriendly and ease of synthesis, making them an ideal candidate for the upscale synthesis. With the incorporation of the betel leaf bioactive metabolites, it increases the antimicrobial properties to many folds as well as with the high surface to volume ratio, it can be utilized in various formulations like ointment, oral pill etc

“Phytochemical Analysis, In vitro Anti-oxidant, Anti-diabetic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ”

Aims: The aim of the study is to assess the phytochemicals, bioactive compounds and determine the in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of red kidney bean. Methods and Material: Raw and cooked red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) were assessed for phytochemical content, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity and GC-MS analysis was done to identify the bioactive compounds. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics, independent ‘t’ test and one-way ANOVA was computed to determine the differences in the phytochemical compounds and in vitro activities of raw and cooked red kidney beans. Results: Qualitative analysis of raw and cooked red kidney bean confirmed the presence of phytochemicals. The total phenol content was higher in cooked than raw red kidney bean but the total flavonoid content was higher in raw red kidney bean. The radical scavenging activity of raw and cooked red kidney bean at 50 µg/mL and 300 µg/mL ranged from 80.88 ±0.20% to 97.05±0.02% and 32.83±0.46 to 90.56±0.26% respectively. The reducing power of raw and cooked red kidney bean ranged from 28.05 ± 0.96% to 80.92 ± 0.17% and 24.83 ± 0.17% to 64.61 ± 0.53% respectively. The percentage inhibition of alpha amylase for raw and cooked red kidney bean ranged from 62.14 ± 0.90 to 81.98% ± 0.9% and 63.67 ± 0.11% to 73.43 ±0.61% respectively. The prevention of lysis for analysing the anti-inflammatory effect of raw and cooked red kidney bean ranged from 50 - 85% and 9.67 - 90.32 % respectively. The GC-MS analysis of raw and cooked red kidney bean showed the presence of bioactive compounds. Conclusions: The raw and cooked red kidney bean contains bioactive compounds that exert excellent anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities

Study on Biosorption of Methylene blue Dye by Azolla Pinnata

Pollution from industrial effluents that is organic, inorganic, or dye coloured significantly disturbs the balance of the environment and human health. The textile industry is the leader among all other industries in the use of dyes to colour fibers, most of it flows into water sources that are challenging to be treated with traditional techniques. The treatment technique called biosorption which uses any biomass to absorb the contaminant from waste water. In this work, dried mass of Azolla pinnata, a flexible aquatic fern with strong biosorption capacity is used to remove Methylene Blue (MB), a frequently used cat-ionic dye, through the process of biosorption. In this case, we explored the biosorption of methylene blue (MB) onto Azolla pinnata. As a result, the main focus of this research was to identify inexpensive adsorbent for removal of MB dye in aqueous solution. For the elimination of MB dye, the plant Azolla pinnata is used as an affordable adsorbent. The purpose of the present research was to assess the removal of MB dye by the fern Azolla pinnata in aqueous solution. Investigations have been done into the batch technique\u27s effective factors. Adsorption is examined to determine how well an adsorbent can remove MB dye. The capability of A. pinnata to adsorb MB was studied. It was found that the adsorbent could remove up to 81% of MB from the aqueous solution of 10 mg/L for the contact time of 4 hours

Socio-Demographic factors Associated with Contraceptive Use among Kuki Women in a rural setting: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Despite the global increase in contraceptive use, there is a dearth of research assessing contraceptive use among married Kuki women in Kangpokpi district, Manipur. The purpose of this work was to investigate the knowledge, use and non-use of contraceptives and the socio-demographic factors associated with them. Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. During the period of December 2018 to September 2019, interviews were conducted in ten villages of the Lhungtin and Saikul subdivisions of the Kangpokpi district in Manipur with married Kuki women who had at least one child. In total, 491 women were interviewed. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 with statistical significance at P \u3c 0.05. Results: Out of 491 participants, 141(28.7%) were in the age group of 31e40 years, 202(41.1%) were illiterate, and 267(54.4%) had a monthly income of 5001e10,000. More than half, i.e. 272(55.4%), had knowledge about different methods of contraceptives, and only 191(38.9%) of them use birth control. The participants\u27 socio-demographics had a statistically significant relationship with the knowledge and use of contraceptives (P \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: The non-use of contraceptives among the studied population was high. Lack of awareness is one of the important contributing factors aside from socio-demographics. Awareness programmes and accessibility of health care providers can combat the unmet needs of women