The Increasing Vulnerability of African Youths to Mental Health Disorders: Risk Factors, Advocacy and Recommendations

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HUTCH DIVERTICULUM: A RARE CONGENITAL URINARY BLADDER DIVERTICULUM IN AN ELDERLY MALE PATIENT.

54 year old male patient presented with burning micturition and increased frequency of urination for the last two months. He also gives history of intermittent episodes of high grade fever with chills and rigors

Nutritional and Health Benefits of Singhara – A Review Article.

Trapa Natans commonly known as Singhara or Paniphal in India. It grows throughout the East of India. Dried water chestnuts can be ground into flour to make a kind of porridge. Young nuts can be eaten raw with its greenish skin removed. The Singhara shell and core are rich in starch, dietary fiber, essential amino acids, certain types of phenols and minerals and have demonstrated various biological activities, including anticancer and antioxidant properties. Singhara contains several antioxidants that can reduce the risk of multiple chronic diseases and conditions

Relationship Between Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness And Atherosclerosis In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease- A One Year Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CKD and Peripheral arterial disease both independently increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. There is limited data about the co-relation between ultrasound measures of the femoral artery in peripheral vascular disease (PVD) & renal functional status. This research hence will help us in the establishment of a relationship between femoral intima-media thickness (fIMT) with CKD. Also, IMT assessment might help in earlier detection of atherosclerotic plaques & hence PVD. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for 1 year in a tertiary care hospital. 99 CKD patients with no history of smoking & hypertension were enrolled, who underwent femoral Doppler ultrasonography. The findings of ultrasonography were analysed. Descriptive analysis was carried out for the quantitative data. Results: The mean age was 52.42 ±15.95years, mean femoral intima media thickness (fIMT) was 0.08± 0.02cm and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 17.44±15.44ml/min/1.73m2. In this study men were more commonly affected, most vulnerable age being \u3e60 years. Out of 99 subjects, 69 had raised IMT and 30 patients had normal IMT. Prevalence of atherosclerosis in the given study group was found to be 69.70 %. Higher prevalence of raised IMT among diabetics (75.0%) was present. Not all CKD groups had significant co-relation with IMT. Conclusion: Prevalence of atherosclerosis was high in CKD population, more common in men and in the older age group. None of the CKD Stages had any significant co-relation with PVD. Femoral artery plaques identified by ultrasound are independently associated with lower eGFR. Femoral artery doppler ultrasonography will be a promising tool for identifying atherosclerosis in kidney disease in its earlier course

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss Syndrome) – a case report

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), previously known as Churg Strauss syndrome, is a rare small vessel vasculitis characterized by asthma, eosinophilia, and systemic involvement. This case report presents a 51-year-old man with a history of asthma, who presented with neurological symptoms including blurring of vision, bilateral ptosis, and altered sensorium. The patient had a previous history of cervical and lumbar spine surgeries for symptoms attributed to spondylosis. Further examination revealed hyperpigmented lesions on the limbs, wasting of small muscles, and foot drop. Investigations showed eosinophilia and thrombocytosis on blood analysis, with bone marrow aspiration revealing eosinophilic and megakaryocytic hyperplasia. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated eosinophilia and lymphocytic predominance. Imaging studies revealed hypodense areas in the midbrain and pons, as well as age-related cerebral atrophy. Based on the diagnostic criteria for EGPA, the patient fulfilled the requirements of asthma, blood eosinophilia, peripheral neuropathy, transient pulmonary infiltrates, paranasal sinus abnormalities, and the presence of extravascular eosinophils on biopsy. The diagnosis was further supported by the presence of positive antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA-MPO). Treatment was initiated with intravenous corticosteroids and azathioprine due to the severity of the disease. EGPA is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical presentations and organ involvement. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and improved outcomes. Glucocorticoids, such as prednisolone, are the mainstay of treatment. While the overall mortality rate is relatively low compared to other systemic vasculitides, cardiac involvement can contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, this case report highlights the importance of considering EGPA in patients with asthma, eosinophilia, and multi-system involvement. Prompt recognition and initiation of appropriate therapy can help mitigate complications and improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenesis and optimal management strategies for this rare vasculitic disorder

Aspect of sleep quality amid undergraduate medical students in correlation with BMI.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the quality of sleep among medical undergraduates from different phases of the medical program using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and to study the association of body mass index (BMI) with the quality of sleep among them. Material and Methods: Sleep quality was assessed among 482 medical undergraduates using the PSQI. Students undergoing treatment for psychiatric illness, diabetes or hypertension, history of alcohol consumption, and smoking were excluded from the study. Obesity was ascertained by calculating the BMI and categorized into 2 groups of23.0 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the Asian population. The chi-square test was utilized to compare seven components of PSQI and sleep quality for different phases and BMI groups and SPSS 24 was used to compare the components and the global score. Results: Only 0.8% of the total sample classified their sleep as very bad whereas 69.5% classified themselves as fairly good sleepers. The study participants had an average sleep time of 7.06±1.26 hours. The sleep duration (p23 had daytime dysfunction every day. Conclusions: It is necessary to create awareness among medical undergraduates about the importance of good sleep hygiene which will help them to improve their academic performance

Perceived Adequacy of Training and Identification of Barriers to Choosing Academic Faculty Positions Among Psychiatry Postgraduate Students in India

The increasing burden of psychiatric morbidity will proportionately increase the need for teachers of psychiatry in medical colleges. There are no studies on the current postgraduates’ perception about taking up faculty positions. We conducted an online cross-sectional study among 101 postgraduates using self-reporting questionnaires from October 2021 to November 2021. Majority were female, in 25-30 years age group, studying final year in private medical college. They willing to consider teaching positions and expressed interest in training programs. Significant facilitators and barriers to taking up faculty posts included interest in private practice, politics and vacancies available in place of interest

The Therapeutic Potential of Nelumbo nucifera: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties

Nelumbo nucifera generally known as ‘sacred lotus’ is a plant with high medicinal value in traditional medicine system especially in Chinese medicine system which is having a wide distribution worldwide in Asian, Western European, American and Australian continent. All the parts of the plant have different medicinal value, as their extract contains various valuable chemical constituents which yield desired remedial effects against many diseases. The plant is used traditionally more compared to its commercial usage. It has also been used for dental and skin care products in many herbal formulations. In this review, data about its general description, its distribution, chemical constituents and therapeutic effects has been provided. The plant has various uses against many diseases and the review focus on anti-epileptic, antiviral, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anthelmintic, anxiolytic & antidepressant, anti-cariogenic, analgesic, hepatoprotective, vasorelaxant, anticoagulant, anti-obesity, anti-neurodegenerative, anti-aging, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties of the plant

The Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome– A rare case report

A 20-year-old unmarried female, student by occupation, well built and nourished presented with intermenstrual spotting from past 1 month. No h/o pelvic pain/ mass/ fever. No h/o of similar complaints in the past. Attained menarche at 14 years. Menstrual history otherwise normal.Known case of right renal agenesis (diagnosed incidentally at the age of 8 years). Pelvic examination by gynecologist revealed a cystic bulge to the anterior wall of vagina. On MRI, our case is right sided renal agenesis; uterus didelphys with obstructed hemi vagina and to infected collection along the vaginal wall