TRADABLE PERMITS FOR CONTROLLING NITRATES IN GROUNDWATER AT THE FARM LEVEL: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Nitrate contamination of municipal and domestic well water supplies is becoming an increasing problem in many rural and urban areas, raising the cost of providing safe drinking water. The objective of this paper is to describe a marketable permit scheme that can effectively manage nitrate pollution of groundwater supplies for communities in rural areas without hindering agricultural production in watersheds. They key to implementing this scheme is being able to link nitrate leaching from nitrogen fertilizer applied to crops at a farm to nitrate levels measured at a drinking water well.agriculture, groundwater pollution, leaching, nitrates, pollution trading, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Indonesia has 17.504 island and it's the biggest maritim states in the world. It gives a challege for the government it self because if they don't organized it effectively, there will be bad effects and couses cases. As same as case that happened to Ambalat block, this ocean is claimed as an area from two states. This is the second time Indonesia competes to each other, before that they figth to get sipadan ligitan island, and finaly malaysia got that island. Malaysia claims Ambalat Block based on 1979 map which published in only one side, by drawing a base line until taking a short out of indonesia area. According to the claim, malaysia gives concession to SHELL which is the 011 company from Holland. Whereas, Indonesia has already given concession to italy and england companies. which is the island country claims that this area is the exclusive economic zone and its also as a continental shelf. Ambalat block which is a sulawesi ocean is assumed having a lot of natural riched things. That's the reasons why of the malayslan claim based on. The most important things here is, both of the Countries have ratified the convention law of the sea (UNCLOS 1982) so, they have to finish the problem based on UNCLOS to. The law Study of Ambalat conflict based on UNCLOS : 1. UNCLOS 1982 article 46, Archipelagic States Arr;hipelagic states means a states consitude wholly by one or more arr;hipelagos and may Include other Island. And Malaysia is not the archilpelagic states. 2. UNCLOS 1982 article 47, archipelagic baselines Malaysia cant use the straight archipelagic baselines because they not the archipelagic states. 3. UNCLOS 1982, article 57 ZEE The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond nautical miles the baselines from which the breadth of the territrial sea is measured. Dan the ambalat sea include the Indonesian exclusive economic zone . 4. UNCLOS 1982, article 76, Continental shelf Blok ambalat is the pronglotion of its land of east Kalimantan and that blok comes to 200 nautical miles from the baselines indonesian territorial. 5. UNCLOS 1982, article 77, continental Shelf Indonesia have sovereign rights for the purpose of exsploring natural resources of blok amblat.

Indonesia has 17.504 island and it's the biggest maritim states in the world. It gives a challege for the government it self because if they don't organized it effectively, there will be bad effects and couses cases. As same as case that happened to Ambalat block, this ocean is claimed as an area from two states. This is the second time Indonesia competes to each other, before that they figth to get sipadan ligitan island, and finaly malaysia got that island. Malaysia claims Ambalat Block based on 1979 map which published in only one side, by drawing a base line until taking a short out of indonesia area. According to the claim, malaysia gives concession to SHELL which is the 011 company from Holland. Whereas, Indonesia has already given concession to italy and england companies. which is the island country claims that this area is the exclusive economic zone and its also as a continental shelf. Ambalat block which is a sulawesi ocean is assumed having a lot of natural riched things. That's the reasons why of the malayslan claim based on. The most important things here is, both of the Countries have ratified the convention law of the sea (UNCLOS 1982) so, they have to finish the problem based on UNCLOS to. The law Study of Ambalat conflict based on UNCLOS : 1. UNCLOS 1982 article 46, Archipelagic States Arr;hipelagic states means a states consitude wholly by one or more arr;hipelagos and may Include other Island. And Malaysia is not the archilpelagic states. 2. UNCLOS 1982 article 47, archipelagic baselines Malaysia cant use the straight archipelagic baselines because they not the archipelagic states. 3. UNCLOS 1982, article 57 ZEE The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond nautical miles the baselines from which the breadth of the territrial sea is measured. Dan the ambalat sea include the Indonesian exclusive economic zone . 4. UNCLOS 1982, article 76, Continental shelf Blok ambalat is the pronglotion of its land of east Kalimantan and that blok comes to 200 nautical miles from the baselines indonesian territorial. 5. UNCLOS 1982, article 77, continental Shelf Indonesia have sovereign rights for the purpose of exsploring natural resources of blok amblat.

Production and Use of Fuel Ethanol from Corn or Wheat

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Synthesis of Loliolide, Actinidiolide, Dihydroactinidiolide, and Aeginetolide via Cerium Enolate Chemistry

Loliolide, aeginetolide, actinidiolide, and dihydroactinidiolide were synthesized in racemic form from a single common intermediate, prepared through the 1,2 addition of the cerium enolate of ethyl acetate to 2,6,6-trimethylcylohexenone

TRADABLE PERMITS FOR CONTROLLING NITRATES IN GROUNDWATER AT THE FARM LEVEL: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Nitrate contamination of municipal and domestic well water supplies is becoming an increasing problem in many rural and urban areas, raising the cost of providing safe drinking water. The objective of this paper is to describe a marketable permit scheme that can effectively manage nitrate pollution of groundwater supplies for communities in rural areas without hindering agricultural production in watersheds. They key to implementing this scheme is being able to link nitrate leaching from nitrogen fertilizer applied to crops at a farm to nitrate levels measured at a drinking water well

Daily changes in pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions and open-field behavior in rats

ESCOLA PAULISTA MED SCH,DEPT PSICOBIOL,RUA BOTUCATU 862,CP 20399,BR-04034 São Paulo,SP,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED SCH,DEPT PSICOBIOL,RUA BOTUCATU 862,CP 20399,BR-04034 São Paulo,SP,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

Laju Pertumbuhan dan Mutu Rumput Laut Eucheuma alvarezii(Doty) yang ditanam pada Sistem Monoline dan Multilines Lepas Dasar di Perairan Pantai Geger, Nusa Dua , Bali

Suatu penelitian terhadap laju pertumbuhan dan mutu rumput laut Eucheuma alvarezii (Doty) yang ditanam dengan sistem yang bertJeda telah dilakukan di perairan pantai Geger, Nusa Dua, Bali, untuk melihat kemungkinan diperolehnya hasil panen yang lebih tinggi dan efisiensi lahan. Metode yang digunakan adalah sistem mollOline dan multilines lepas dasar dengan kombinasi ketinggian penahanan dari dasar perairan sebesar 25 cm, 50 cm, dan 75 aD. Laju pertumbuhan dan mutu Eucheuma alvarezi; seJama 7 minggu pada sistem monoline dan multilines cukup baik dan kualitasnya memenuhi standar ekspor. Laju pertumbuhan rata-rata berkisar an tara 0,286 - 0,526% per minggu atau 4,08 - 7,59 % per hari , rendemen karaginan rumput laut kering antara 25,83 - 37,~9%, CAW sebesar 34,20 - 45,75%, kadar air 15 - 22,20% dan CAY sebesar 64,60 -85,96%. Laju pertumbuhan Eucheuma alvarezii pada sistem multilines tidak berbeda nyata dengan yang ditanam pada siste monoline, pada ketinggian penanaman yang sarna. Karena itu disarankan menggunakan sistem multilines lepas dasar agar hasil panen Eucheuma alvarezii lebih tinggi dengan laju pertumbuhan dan mutu yang baik .Kata-kata kunci : sistem monoline lepas dasar, sistem multilines lepas dasar  CAW (CleanAnhydrous Weed); CAY (Clean Anhydrous Yield); rendemen karaginan