A memetic algorithm for multi-objective dynamic location problems

Abstract This paper describes a new multiobjective interactive memetic algorithm applied to dynamic location problems. The memetic algorithm integrates genetic procedures and local search. It is able to solve capacitated and uncapacitated multi-objective single or multi-level dynamic location problems. These problems are characterized by explicitly considering the possibility of a facility being open, closed and reopen more than once during the planning horizon. It is possible to distinguish the opening and reopening periods, assigning them different coefficient values in the objective functions. The algorithm is part of an interactive procedure that asks the decision maker to define interesting search areas by establishing limits to the objective function values or by indicating reference points. The procedure will be applied to some illustrative location problems

Lipid and inflammatory biomarker profiles in early insulin resistance.

AIMS: To analyze the serum lipid and inflammatory biomarker profile in the early insulin resistance (e-IR). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 5943 adults without diabetes, stratified into no IR group (C-peptide <third tertile and glucose <100 mg/dL), e-IR group (C-peptide ≥third tertile and glucose <100 mg/dL) and advanced IR group (glucose ≥100 mg/dL). RESULTS: E-IR showed significant differences with no IR in the serum concentration of triglycerides (P < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), sCD40L (P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (P < 0.004), leptin (P < 0.001) and adiponectin (P < 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and abdominal obesity, corroborated the association of e-IR with highest quintile of triglycerides (OR 3.88 [3.07-4.89]), HDL cholesterol (OR 0.35 [0.28-0.44]), sCD40L (OR 0.47 [0.24-0.94]), C-reactive protein (OR 2.31 [1.29-4.12]), adiponectin (OR 0.11 [0.04-0.32]), PAI-1 (OR 3.29 [1.29-8.40]) and resistin (OR 1.25 [1.01-1.54]); the same biomarkers were associated with advanced IR although resistin was a protective factor (OR 0.73 [0.58-0.93]). CONCLUSIONS: Euglycemic patients with e-IR present an unfavorable serum lipid and inflammatory biomarker profile. Measuring C-peptide in euglycemic patients with elevated triglycerides identifies e-IR.Funding Canary Islands Health Service. Spanish Government (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Projects 0901314, PI12/01855, and RD12/0042/0031 and 0013. FEDER)