Resultados Preliminares sobre Estudios de Evapotranspiración del Cacao.

El objeto de este trabajo fue determinar los requerimientos de agua por el cacaotero. De los múltiples métodos que existen para este fin, solo el que hace uso de la evapotranspirometría da la solución deseada. 
 El método se basa en que el agua del suelo establece un equilibrio entre el agua que entra, como resultado de la precipitación y 
 el agua que sale a través de la evaporación y transpiración. Para este estudio se están usando cuatro evapotranspirómetros de 2 x 2 metros en la parte superior y 1.20 metros de profundidad: un quinto tanque sirve de fosa colectora, donde se tienen las canecas que recogen las aguas de drenajes. 
 A los evapotranspirómetros se trasplantaron cacaoteros de tres y medio años de edad del Clon 6. Posteriormente fueron rellenados consuelo del mismo lugar y procedente de la excavación. 
 
 La estación de evapotranspirometría se localizó en medio de una plantación comerciaal de cacao del clon 6 de la misma edad, en la que se ha demarcado una zona buffer de 50 x 50 mts., ésta se riega en la misma forma que los tanques evapotranspirómetros. A éstos se les aplica una cantidad medida de agua cuando no llueve en las 24 horas anteriores.
 
 La evapotranspiración potencial se mide restando del agua aplicarla la la cantidad recogida en las canecas, esto se hace para cada tanque todos los días a las 8 a.m. Además de la evapotranspiración potencial, diariamente se toman datos metereológicos en aparatos localizados junto a los tanques experimentales. 
 
 La información para tres meses; indica que el agua de lluvia sólo suministró el 42.19% y el 63.33% de los requerimientos de agua para el cacaotero en los meses de febrero y marzo respectivamente.
 En el mes de abril la precipitación fue superior a los requerimientos de agua, va que el consumo fue de 58.46 mm. Y la precipitación de 129.5 mm. 
 
 Debido a la información tan escasa (tres meses solamente) aquí presentada, es imposible, por el momento, sacar cualquier conclusión. 
 La respuesta a este problema de los requerimientos de agua por el cacaotero, debe esperar por los menos 2 años de intensa investigación evapotranspirométrica

Julie Rovner’s Health Care Policy and Politics A to Z: a review

Drawing on her vast experience covering health care policy on Capitol Hill, Julie Rovner has written explanations for over 300 key concepts that demystify the world of United States Government health care policy. In the newest edition of Health Care Policy and Politics A to Z, readers will find updated information on long-term health care spending, abortion, Medicaid and Medicare, health insurance and the uninsured, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). New entries reflect important changes in recent years and include the Medicare Modernization Act, abstinence education, electronic health records, health savings accounts, and Project BioShield. The book does have its gaps, especially as it relates to mental health. However, this book should become a standard reference for all health care professionals

Bone protection during breast cancer treatment.

post-print89,1 K

Discreteness effects in a reacting system of particles with finite interaction radius

9 pages.-- PACS numbers: 05.40.-a, 82.39.-k, 82.40.-g.-- Final full-text version of the paper available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.76.031139.An autocatalytic reacting system with particles interacting at a finite distance is studied. We investigate the effects of the discrete-particle character of the model on properties like reaction rate, quenching phenomenon, and front propagation, focusing on differences with respect to the continuous case. We introduce a renormalized reaction rate depending both on the interaction radius and the particle density, and we relate it to macroscopic observables (e.g., front speed and front thickness) of the system.We have benefited from a MEC-MIUR joint program (Italy-Spain Integral Actions). C.L. acknowledges support from FEDER and MEC (Spain), through project CONOCE2 (FIS2004-00953). A.V. and D.V. acknowledge support from PRIN-MIUR project "Dinamica Statistica di sistemi a molti e pochi gradi di libertà"

Axions in gravity with torsion

We study a scenario allowing a solution of the strong charge parity problem via the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, implemented in gravity with torsion. In this framework there appears a torsion-related pseudoscalar field known as Kalb-Ramond axion. We compare it with the so-called Barbero-Immirzi axion recently proposed in the literature also in the context of the gravity with torsion. We show that they are equivalent from the viewpoint of the effective theory. The phenomenology of these torsion-descended axions is completely determined by the Planck scale without any additional model parameters. These axions are very light and very weakly interacting with ordinary matter. We briefly comment on their astrophysical and cosmological implications in view of the recent BICEP2 and Planck data.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, comments and references added, published versio

Discovering hierarchical decision rules with evolutive algorithms in supervised learning

This paper describes a new approach, HIDER (HIerarchical DEcision Rules), for learning rules in continuous and discrete domains based on evolutive algorithms. The algorithm produces a hierarchical set of rules, that is, the rules must be applied in a speciÞc order. With this policy, the number of rules may be reduced because the rules could be one inside of another. The evolutive algorithm uses both real and binary codiÞcation for the individuals of the population and introduces several new genetic operators. In addition, this paper discusses the capability of learning systems based on an evolutive algorithm to reduce both the number of rules and the number of attributes involved in the rule set. We have tested our system on real data from the UCI repository. The results of a 10-fold cross validation are compared to C4.5 s and they show an important improvement.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC99-035

Multiple time-scale approach for a system of Brownian particles in a non-uniform temperature field

The Smoluchowsky equation for a system of interacting Brownian particles in a temperature gradient is derived from the Kramers equation by means of a multiple time-scale method. The interparticle interactions are assumed to be represented by a mean-field description. We present numerical results that compare well with the theoretical prediction together with an extensive discussion on the prescription of the Langevin equation in overdamped systems.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Data Set Editing by Ordered Projection

This paper presents a new approach to data set editing. The algorithm (EOP: Editing by Ordered Projection) has some interesting characteristics: important reduction of the number of examples from the database; lower computational cost (O(mn log n)) with respect to other typical algorithms due to the absence of distance calculations; conservation of the decision boundaries, especially from the point of view of the application of axis-parallel classifiers. The performance of EOP is analysed in two ways: percentage of reduction and classification. EOP has been compared to IB2, ENN and SHRINK concerning the percentage of reduction and the computational cost. In addition, we have analysed the accuracy of k-NN and C4.5 after applying the reduction techniques. An extensive empirical study using databases with continuous attributes from the UCI repository shows that EOP is a valuable preprocessing method for the later application of any axis-parallel learning algorithm.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC2001-1143-C03-0