Pengaruh Pemberian Apu-Apu (Pistia Stratiotes L) Sebagaipupuk Organik dengan Dosis yang Berbeda terhadap Populasi Kutu Air ( Daphnia SP )

Water flea or Latin (Daphnia sp) is one type of natural food that is very important for natural fish feed. But these water fleas are very rare to find if not cultivated, especially in fresh water. This condition causes water fleas to be limited and need to be cultivated. This study aims to determine the effect of apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes l) as an organic fertilizer with different doses of water flea population (Daphnia sp). Usefulness of the research to provide information on the effects of apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes l) as organic fertilizer with different doses of the water flea population (daphnia sp). This research was conducted for two weeks starting from 02 - 17 May 2017. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries of Palangka Raya Christian University. With the implementation method are: preparation of 9 (nine) aquarium for cultivation media of Daphnia sp, making of organic fertilizer, giving different dose respectively: treatment A: 0,25 gr / ltr water, treatment B: 0,50 gr / ltr water, C: 0.75 gr / ltr water treatment, and water quality observation. The results showed that the dosage of apu-apu (0,25) gr / ltr water, (0,50) gr / ltr water and (0,75) gr / ltr of water had a significant effect on the water flea population. Based on further experimental test of significant difference (BNT) with 99% confidence level, showed treatment A dose 0,25 gr / ltr water better than treatment B dose 0,50 gr / ltr water and treatment C 0,75 gr / ltr water and 0.5 gr / ltr water treatment is better than 0.75 g / ltr water. The average of water quality conditions in the maintenance of water fleas in Aquarium are DO = 5,23-5,29 ml / l, pH = 6,43-7,55, Temperature = 26,34- 26,56 C, TDS = 52,33-60.99 ml / l. Water quality parameters strongly support the presence of water flea population

Small subunit ribosomal metabarcoding reveals extraordinary trypanosomatid diversity in Brazilian bats

Background: Bats are a highly successful, globally dispersed order of mammals that occupy a wide array of ecological niches. They are also intensely parasitized and implicated in multiple viral, bacterial and parasitic zoonoses. Trypanosomes are thought to be especially abundant and diverse in bats. In this study, we used 18S ribosomal RNA metabarcoding to probe bat trypanosome diversity in unprecedented detail. Methodology/Principal Findings: Total DNA was extracted from the blood of 90 bat individuals (17 species) captured along Atlantic Forest fragments of Espírito Santo state, southeast Brazil. 18S ribosomal RNA was amplified by standard and/or nested PCR, then deep sequenced to recover and identify Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) for phylogenetic analysis. Blood samples from 34 bat individuals (13 species) tested positive for infection by 18S rRNA amplification. Amplicon sequences clustered to 14 OTUs, of which five were identified as Trypanosoma cruzi I, T. cruzi III/V, Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei, Trypanosoma rangeli, and Trypanosoma dionisii, and seven were identified as novel genotypes monophyletic to basal T. cruzi clade types of the New World. Another OTU was identified as a trypanosome like those found in reptiles. Surprisingly, the remaining OTU was identified as Bodo saltans–closest non-parasitic relative of the trypanosomatid order. While three blood samples featured just one OTU (T. dionisii), all others resolved as mixed infections of up to eight OTUs. Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates the utility of next-generation barcoding methods to screen parasite diversity in mammalian reservoir hosts. We exposed high rates of local bat parasitism by multiple trypanosome species, some known to cause fatal human disease, others non-pathogenic, novel or yet little understood. Our results highlight bats as a long-standing nexus among host-parasite interactions of multiple niches, sustained in part by opportunistic and incidental infections of consequence to evolutionary theory as much as to public health. Author summary: Bats make up a mega-diverse, intensely parasitized order of volant mammals whose unique behavioural and physiological adaptations promote infection by a vast array of microorganisms. Trypanosomes stand out as ancient protozoan parasites of bats. As cryptic morphology, low parasitaemia and selective growth in culture have recurrently biased survey, we used 18S ribosomal RNA metabarcoding to resolve bat trypanosomatid diversity in Atlantic Forest fragments of southeast Brazil. Next to several unknown species, our deep sequence-based detection and assignment protocol recognized multiple known human-pathogenic trypanosomes, another linked to reptile hosts as well as a non-parasitic kinetoplastid in the blood of various phyllostomid bats. The striking permissivity exposed here, in a region where bat trypanosomes recently featured in a fatal case of Chagas disease, compels further research on bats’ role in the dispersal and spill-over of various microorganisms among humans and wildlife

Reliability of two methods for identifying the postural phase of gait initiation in healthy and post-stroke subjects

This study aims to compare two methods of assessing the postural phase of gait initiation as to intrasession reliability, in healthy and post-stroke subjects. As a secondary aim, this study aims to analyse anticipatory postural adjustments during gait initiation based on the centre of pressure (CoP) displacements in post-stroke participants. The CoP signal was acquired during gait initiation in fifteen post-stroke subjects and twenty-three healthy controls. Postural phase was identified through a baseline-based method and a maximal displacement based method. In both healthy and post-stroke participants higher intra-class correlation coefficient and lower coefficient of variation values were obtained with the baseline-based method when compared to the maximal displacement based method. Post-stroke participants presented decreased CoP displacement backward and toward the first swing limb compared to controls when the baseline-based method was used. With the maximal displacement based method, there were differences between groups only regarding backward CoP displacement. Postural phase duration in medial-lateral direction was also increased in post-stroke participants when using the maximal displacement based method. The findings obtained indicate that the baseline-based method is more reliable detecting the onset of gait initiation in both groups, while the maximal displacement based method presents greater sensitivity for post-stroke participants

Interlimb relation during the double support phase of gait: an electromyographic, mechanical and energy based analysis

The purpose of this study is to analyse the interlimb relation and the influence of mechanical energy on metabolic energy expenditure during gait. In total, 22 subjects were monitored as to electromyographic activity, ground reaction forces and VO2 consumption (metabolic power) during gait. The results demonstrate a moderate negative correlation between the activity of tibialis anterior, biceps femoris and vastus medialis of the trailing limb during the transition between midstance and double support and that of the leading limb during double support for the same muscles, and between these and gastrocnemius medialis and soleus of the trailing limb during double support. Trailing limb soleus during the transition between mid-stance and double support was positively correlated to leading limb tibialis anterior, vastus medialis and biceps femoris during double support. Also, the trailing limb centre of mass mechanical work was strongly influenced by the leading limbs, although only the mechanical power related to forward progression of both limbs was correlated to metabolic power. These findings demonstrate a consistent interlimb relation in terms of electromyographic activity and centre of mass mechanical work, being the relations occurred in the plane of forward progression the more important to gait energy expenditure

Ataxia telangiectasia

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Textile handcraft: a lesson of sustainability

Nowadays, when the world is aware of the limitations of available resources, the sustainability appears as an up-to-date and relevant concept: it is the ability of humans to interact with the world, preserving the environment to avoid compromising the natural resources for future generations. The sense of limitations of environment resources makes the designers to re-think the use of their knowledge in a more responsible and conscious way and to look for viable solutions to the conservation of the ecosystem yet to discover and explore. The textile handcraft product is an excellent example of the sustainable product in various ways namely the recycling, the use of raw material available in each region and the re-gain of other materials to create unique pieces from local traditions. The interaction between design and handcraft will allow to renew the offer of products, making them differentiate and more attractive to consumers. This work intends to present the results of a questionnaire for textile design students. The study, called SustentArte analyzes the attitudes and perceptions of this future designers and the perceived role of concepts like sustainability and handcraft into future textile trends.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Artesanato têxtil, consumidores e a importância do design

Actualmente o mundo do negócio é bastante complexo e competitivo. Oferecer produtos com design, preservando a herança cultural não se apresenta como um processo fácil para a “indústria” de artesanato têxtil. No caso português é percebido um aumento de procura de produtos de decoração de design e acesso fácil, ditos “modernos”, em detrimento de produtos artesanais. Importa assim compreender o que determina esta alteração e como é percebido o produto “artesanato” pelos consumidores. Este trabalho analisa os resultados de um inquérito que explora a percepção que os consumidores têm do artesanato têxtil e procura compreender as atitudes associadas ao processo de decisão de compra do consumidor português em relação ao artesanato têxtil. Dos 107 questionários recebidos e validados, os dados confirmam a importância do género e da idade como determinantes na temática, em particular no uso de artesanato têxtil, autosatisfação com a compra, compra para oferta e percepção do futuro do artesanato têxtil. Nos exemplos apresentados, salienta-se o elevado reconhecimento da sua beleza e esforço.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Perspectivas do papel do design no artesanato

O aparecimento de novas correntes de design como, por exemplo, o eco-design, o design social e inclusivo ou o slow design, são primordiais ao nível da gestão de recursos, da relação Homem - natureza, das deficiências e limitações humanas e da sustentabilidade do nosso planeta. O presente estudo explora as perspectivas do papel do design no artesanato. Numa abordagem teórica examina conceitos como: design, o papel do designer, as novas correntes de design e o design para a sustentabilidade. O trabalho prático incide na análise de entrevistas efectuadas a estilistas e artesãos no sentido de perceber a viabilidade de um trabalho conjunto. Os resultados preliminares confirmam que as ideias do design sustentável são perfeitamente adequadas a um contexto de artesanato têxtil como se demonstra nas expressões recolhidas como: emoções, tempo, valorização e fazer à mão.The appearance of new currents of design, for example, eco-design, social and inclusive design or slow design, are essentials for the management of resources, the relationship man - nature, human weaknesses and limitations and for the sustainability of our planet. This study explores the perspectives and the role of design in the handcraft. In a theoretical approach, it examines concepts such as design, the designer's role, the new currents of design and design for sustainability. The practical work focuses on analysis of interviews with designers and craftsmen in order to realize the feasibility of a joint work. Preliminary results confirm that the ideas of sustainable design are perfectly suited to a context of textile crafts as demonstrated in the expressions collected as emotions, time, value enhancement and hand made.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/62079/200

Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to postural control and efficiency of movement: A review

Understanding postural control requires considering various mechanisms underlying a person's ability to stand, to walk, and to interact with the environment safely and efficiently. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the functional relation between biomechanical and neurophysiological perspectives related to postural control in both standing and walking based on movement efficiency. Evidence related to the biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms is explored as well as the role of proprioceptive input on postural and movement control.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio