53,778 research outputs found
New Data on the Genus Sucinoptius (Coleoptera, Ptinidae) from Rovno Amber
Study of five examples of spider beetle inclusions from Rovno amber revealed that at least three of these spider beetles belong to the genus Sucinoptinus Bellés et Vitali, 2007, of them, S. rovnoensis sp. n. (most probably from Klesov) and S. brevipennis sp. n. from Dubrovitsa are described. S. rovnoensis is similar to the previously known S. bukejsi Alekseev in having the same general structure of pronotum and elytra, differing from it by the morphology of pronotal sides, which are only slightly rounded and practically not constricted near the base, whereas in S. bukejsi the sides are well rounded leaving a slight but clear constriction near the base. S. brevipennis is similar to S. bukejsi Alekseev and S. sucini Bellés et Vitali in having the same general structure of the prothorax, but differing from them in having much shorter elytra. Addition of these two new species to the two previously known, S. sucini, from the eastern Baltic Sea coast, and S. bukejsi, from Kaliningrad Region, indicates that the genus Sucinoptinus was much more diverse and widespread in Late Eocene forests than former reports suggested.Peer reviewe
Constructing finite dimensional codes with optical continuous variables
We show how a qubit can be fault-tolerantly encoded in the
infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of an optical mode. The scheme is efficient
and realizable with present technologies. In fact, it involves two travelling
optical modes coupled by a cross-Kerr interaction, initially prepared in
coherent states, one of which is much more intense than the other. At the exit
of the Kerr medium, the weak mode is subject to a homodyne measurement and a
quantum codeword is conditionally generated in the quantum fluctuations of the
intense mode.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Quantum 2-Body Hamiltonian for Topological Color Codes
We introduce a two-body quantum Hamiltonian model with spins-\half located
on the vertices of a 2D spatial lattice. The model exhibits an exact
topological degeneracy in all coupling regimes. This is a remarkable
non-perturbative effect. The model has a gauge group symmetry
and string-net integrals of motion. There exists a gapped phase in which the
low-energy sector reproduces an effective topological color code model. High
energy excitations fall into three families of anyonic fermions that turn out
to be strongly interacting. All these, and more, are new features not present
in honeycomb lattice models like Kitaev model.Comment: Cotribution to the Proceedings of the Scala Conference 2009 (Cortina,
Italy). Special Issue dedicated to Prof. Prof. Tombesi, on occasion of his
seventieth birthday. Editors: D. Vitali, I Marzoli, S. Mancini, G. Di
Giuseppe. "Fortschritte der Physik
A model independent approach to non dissipative decoherence
We consider the case when decoherence is due to the fluctuations of some
classical variable or parameter of a system and not to its entanglement with
the environment. Under few and quite general assumptions, we derive a
model-independent formalism for this non-dissipative decoherence, and we apply
it to explain the decoherence observed in some recent experiments in cavity QED
and on trapped ions.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Robust entanglement of a micromechanical resonator with output optical fields
We perform an analysis of the optomechanical entanglement between the
experimentally detectable output field of an optical cavity and a vibrating
cavity end-mirror. We show that by a proper choice of the readout (mainly by a
proper choice of detection bandwidth) one can not only detect the already
predicted intracavity entanglement but also optimize and increase it. This
entanglement is explained as being generated by a scattering process owing to
which strong quantum correlations between the mirror and the optical Stokes
sideband are created. All-optical entanglement between scattered sidebands is
also predicted and it is shown that the mechanical resonator and the two
sideband modes form a fully tripartite-entangled system capable of providing
practicable and robust solutions for continuous variable quantum communication
protocols
Wear rates in urban rail systems
A significant part of maintenance costs in urban rail systems (metro, tram, light rapid transit/light metro) is due to wheel-rail wear. Wear rates - measured for example as depth of wear per kilometre run (rolling stock) or per train passage (rails) - depend in a complex manner on several influence factors. Among
the most important are key design factors of the rolling stock (wheel profiles, suspension characteristics), of the track (distribution of curve radii, characteristics of switches and crossings, rail profiles), of the wheel-rail interface (lubrication, materials in contact, ambient characteristics), and of
operations (frequency of traction and braking, trainset inversion policy, maintenance policy etc.). When designing an urban rail system, all of these factors have to be under control in order to limit the costs due to wheel/rail reprofiling/grinding and replacement. The state of the art allows the calculation of
wear rates given quantitative input regarding the above factors. However, it is difficult to find in the literature experimental values for calibration of wear models and indications on what is a reasonable state-of-the-art wear rate for any given type of urban rail system. In this paper we present a structured
analysis of flange wear rates found in the literature and derived from the experience of the authors, for a variety of cases, including metros and mainline rail systems. We compare the wear rates and explain their relationship with the influence factors. We then relate the wear rates with the needs in terms of
wheel reprofiling/replacement. We estimate ranges for the calibration coefficients of wear models. We present the results in a way as to allow the designer of urban rail systems to derive values for target wear rates according to their specific conditions without the need for complex simulations
- …