The psychopathy construct in a Swedish context : conceptualization and validation of different assessments

Psychopathy is a personality disorder that is associated with affective and interpersonal features (e.g., lack of empathy, egocentricity) in combination with behavioral deviance. Despite being extensively researched, formal criteria for classifying psychopathy are lacking, and some of its core features are intensively debated in the field (Skeem et al., 2011). One of the reasons behind the conceptual controversy is that during the past three decades, psychopathy has mainly been operationalized with one single measure, the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare 1991, 2003). Alternative assessments and models of psychopathy have gained increased attention in international research. This dissertation project aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of traditional and alternative assessments and models of psychopathy, primarily in a Swedish context. Study I aimed to investigate the field reliability of the PCL-R in a Swedish setting, involving life-sentenced offenders (N = 27) undergoing court-ordered risk assessments. The results demonstrated good reliability for the antisocial Facet 4, but considerably lower reliability for the remaining facets. The aim of Study II was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of the self-report measure Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R; Lilienfeld & Widows, 2005) in a non-criminal sample (N = 227). The results demonstrated solid reliability (test-retest and internal consistency) and somewhat mixed construct validity for the PPI-R. Factor analyses failed to confirm any of the proposed factor structures. In Study III, we investigated perceptions of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP; Cooke et al., 2012) model among Swedish forensic practitioners (N = 90), using prototypicality analysis. The aim was also to investigate broader perceptions and attitudes about psychopathy. The results demonstrated support for the content validity of the CAPP, and findings were highly similar to those in previous international research. Study IV aimed to investigate perceptions of the Boldness construct from the Triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick et al., 2009) among professional and layperson raters from Sweden and the U.S. (N = 535), using prototypicality analysis. The results demonstrated general support for the content validity of Boldness, even though the ratings varied across the subgroups. In conclusion, this dissertation project demonstrated mixed findings regarding the field reliability of the PCL-R. It also demonstrated support for the reliability and validity of alternative assessments and models of psychopathy

Äldre intagna i anstalt - Ur ett personalperspektiv

  Forskning från England, Wales och USA visar att antalet äldre intagna inom kriminalvården i de aktuella länderna har ökat under det senaste decenniet. I forskningen visas att det kan uppstå problem när äldre personer med speciella behov placeras i ett fängelse. Kriminalvårdens statistik 2007 påvisar att det även skett en ökning av äldre intagna i de svenska fängelserna. Dock finns det ingen forskning om hur det påverkar anstalterna. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur personal på några utav Sveriges anstalter uppfattar och ser på situationen med äldre intagna med specifika behov som placeras i anstalt. I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod använts för att belysa det aktuella området. Som grund till studien ligger information inhämtad via öppna intervjuer med 8 informanter som arbetar på 4 av Sveriges anstalter. Då studien har en hermeneutisk ansats så utgår tolkningen och analysen ifrån den infallsvinkeln. Studien visar att det finns skillnader mellan äldre och yngre interner, samt att det kan uppstå stor problematik i de fall den äldre har specifika problem. Den påvisar också att de aktuella anstalterna till stor del inte är anpassade för att ta hand om eventuell problematik samt att personalen i det stora hela saknar kompetens för att jobba med frågorna

摂津国 住吉神社 銀1匁

日本銀行金融研究所所蔵藩札等資料番号：ⅢAエドb1-5-2-1科学研究費助成事業（研究成果公開促進費）で電子化を実施データベースの名称：藩札等に関する統合データベース課題番号：20HP8030利用に関するお問い合わせ：画像の転載（出版物・HP等）に際しては、日本銀行貨幣博物館への申請手続きが必要です。詳しくは貨幣博物館ホームページ（http://www.imes.boj.or.jp/cm/service/）をご覧ください

MyCompass in a Swedish context – lessons learned from the transfer of a self-guided intervention targeting mental health problems

Abstract Background Depression and anxiety is a major public health problem, in Sweden and internationally. Internet-based interventions are increasingly acknowledged as promising approaches for individuals with varying degrees of mental health problems. We present findings from the implementation of myCompass, a fully automated self-guided intervention of Australian origin, in a Swedish context. Methods We (i) share our experience of the E-health study platform (i.e., regarding security aspects, functionality) to which the myCompass intervention was linked, and (ii) report findings from the empirical evaluation of myCompass (i.e., prerequisites, execution, study outcomes), in a community sample of individuals (N = 837) reporting mild-to-moderate levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Outcomes were calculated with repeated measures ANOVA and linear mixed models. Results The E-health study platform proved to be an efficient tool enabling randomization, informed consent and evaluation to be administered in a fully automated manner. The study rendered substantial interest initially with 1207 individuals enrolling, however it failed to maintain engagement of those enrolled with only few participants logging in more than once or twice following registration. A smaller subgroup of “active users” (n = 35) had a markedly higher activity in the program, however their treatment results were not significantly better than those of the control group. Conclusion Based on the large number of dropouts and also modest use of the intervention overall, only tentative speculations can be made regarding its effectiveness in a Swedish context. The number of individuals remaining active in the intervention is much more limited that the number of individuals initially signing up. Moreover, the transportation of interventions across countries and cultures may need more careful consideration, and pilot-trials before attempting large-scale trials are recommended. Trial registration MyCompass was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03659630 September 3rd 2018, and was given the protocol ID 2015/1268–31/2 + 2016/88

Beyond theoretical courses – A study of Swedish psychiatric residents' collegial learning through conversations in the workplace

BACKGROUND: Collegial conversations are important for sustainable learning to last beyond a course. Research on collegial conversations and peer learning in the workplace during psychiatric residency courses remains sparse, however. In this study, the aim was to explore residents' opportunities for collegial conversations during and after national courses in psychiatry. METHODS: Residents in psychiatry completed an online survey including questions on opportunities for collegial conversations in their workplaces. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis and thematic content analysis was used for the open-ended answers where a theoretical framework of communities of practice was employed for the interpretation of the findings. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 112 residents out of 725 (15,4%). The participants reported few structured forums for collegial discussion. The results of multivariate analysis suggest that more women than men feel it is advantageous to attend courses with others from the same workplace or from the same group of residents, described here as a team. The analysis of qualitative data identified how opportunities for collegial conversations differ across contexts and the type of values that are attached to team participation in residency courses. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of collegial conversations as a way to sustain the learning from residency courses into the workplace. By learning about residents' perceptions of collegial conversations during and after courses, teachers and directors may be more able to support residents' lifelong learning and professional development.CC BY 4.0 DeedCONTACT Klara Bolander Laksov [email protected] Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden</p

Trends in childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms : results from Swedish population based twin cohorts

BACKGROUND: Previous research has noted trends of increasing internalizing problems (e.g., symptoms of depression and anxiety), particularly amongst adolescent girls. Cross-cohort comparisons using identical assessments of both anxiety and depression in youth are lacking, however. METHODS: In this large twin study, we examined trends in internalizing symptoms in samples of 9 year old children and 15 year old adolescents, gathered from successive birth cohorts from 1998 to 2008 (age 9) and 1994-2001 (age 15). Assessments at age 9 were parent-rated, and at age 15 self- and parent-rated. We examined (i) the relation between birth cohorts and internalizing symptoms using linear regressions, and (ii) whether percentages of participants exceeding scale cut-off scores changed over time, using Cochrane Armitage Trend Tests. RESULTS: Among 9 year old children, a significantly increasing percentage of participants (both boys and girls) had scores above cut-off on anxiety symptoms, but not on depressive symptoms. At age 15, a significantly increasing percentage of participants (both boys and girls) had scores above cut-off particularly on self-reported internalizing symptoms. On parent-reported internalizing symptoms, only girls demonstrated a corresponding trend. CONCLUSION: In line with previous studies, we found small changes over sequential birth cohorts in frequencies of depression and anxiety symptoms in children. Further, these changes were not exclusive to girls

Effects of training in cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing on mental health practitioner behavior: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Dataset, analysis code, output and log of rejected studies. Rejected studies refer to records identified through systematic electronic searches (i.e. not identified through hand search). DOI for publication in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy