ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL STABILITY OF ORANGE ESSENTIAL OIL MICROENCAPSULATED BY SPRAY DRYING AND BY COACERVATION

Orange essential oil was microencapsulated by spray drying using maltodextrin and modified starch as carrier agents, and also by coacervation using sodium alginate. The influence of different microencapsulation methods and carriers on the microscopic and thermal characteristics of the product and on the encapsulation efficiency of the microparticles was investigated. According to a technique based on headspace extraction coupled to gas chromatography, the encapsulation efficiencies were above 99 % for both methods, and the oil was composed mainly of D-limonene (95.7 %) and mircene (1.66 %). Coacervation and spray drying produced microparticles of 908.63 μm and 1.02 μm, respectively, which increased the thermal stability of the oil. Nonetheless, the coacervated microparticles showed higher thermal stability and boiling point than the spray-dried ones

Physicochemical characterization of a hydrophilic model drug-loaded PHBV microparticles obtained by the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique

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Esferas de quitosana/Fe na degradação do corante Azul QR-19 por processos foto-Fenton utilizando luz artificial ou solar Chitosan/Fe spheres on the Blue QR-19 dye degradation by photo Fenton processes using artificial or solar light

A contaminação dos recursos hídricos é um dos maiores problemas ambientais da atualidade. Dentre as várias fontes poluidoras, destacam-se as indústrias têxteis, por serem fontes geradoras de grandes volumes de efluentes, muitas vezes tratados de maneira ineficiente. A principal causa do grande impacto ambiental decorrente deste descarte é a presença dos corantes, tais como os compostos do tipo azo, que podem gerar subprodutos de caráter carcinogênico e/ou mutagênico, ou como os de base antraquinona, que são muito resistentes à degradação natural e portanto persistem no efluente por um longo tempo. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste na utilização de processos foto-Fenton assistidos por luz artificial e solar, utilizando ferro imobilizado em esferas de quitosana reticulada com glutaraldeído, para promover a degradação do corante reativo Azul QR-19, de base antraquinona, em solução aquosa. As esferas obtidas apresentaram tamanho regular com diâmetro de 4,0 mm. Os resultados demonstraram 90% de descoloração do sistema em 180minutos e redução de 60% do teor de carbono orgânico total (COT), para o sistema foto-Fenton utilizando luz artificial. Para o sistema fotoassistido com luz solar, a descoloração foi integralmente obtida em 120 minutos com 70% de redução do teor de COT. Foi observado que o ferro permaneceu na matriz após o tratamento, possibilitando sua reutilização.<br>The contamination of water resources is one of the greatest environmental problems today. Among the polluting sources are the textile industries due to the production of large volumes of effluent, often treated inefficiently. The main reason for the environmental impact of the rejected materials is the presence of dyes such as azo reactive compounds that can generate by-products with carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. They may also include anthraquinone type compounds, which are highly resistant to degradation and persist in the effluent for a long time. The purpose of this study is the use of photo-Fenton processes assisted by artificial or solar light, using immobilized iron on chitosan beads, crosslinked with glutaraldheyde, for the antraquinone type compound Blue QR-19 standard dye degradation in aqueous solutions. The obtained spheres showed a regular size and 4.0 mm diameter. The results showed 90% discolouration of the system within 180 minutes and a 60% total organic carbon (TOC) reduction for the photo-Fenton system using artificial light. For the system using sunlight, the total discolouration was achieved in 120 minutes and the TOC value decreased 70%. Also observed was that iron remained in the polymeric matrix after the treatment, thus allowing reuse

In vivo Evaluation of the Mutagenic Potential of Estragole and Eugenol Chemotypes of Ocimum selloi Benth. Essential Oil

SUMMARY. The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical composition and mutagenicity of the O. selloi essential oils native from the South of Brazil. The essential oil designated as chemotype A showed a total of 10 components, which constitute more than 99% of the volatile fraction. The major chemicals were methyl chavicol or estragole (46.33%), trans-anethole (31.20%) and germacrene D (6.37%). The chemotype of O. selloi called sample B was constituted by only 4 detected components as the most abundant compounds, with more than 99% of the composition of the essential oil characterized. The major constituents were methyl eugenol (45.17%), trans-caryophyllene (43.52%) and isoaromadendrene (4.83%). The results obtained in the in vivo evaluation of mutagenicity indicated that none of chemotype studied presents mutagenic activity. These results support existing information about the low toxicological risk in the O. selloi use as a traditional medicine. RESUMEN. &quot;Evaluación In Vivo del Potencial Mutagénico de los Quimiotipos Estragol y Eugenol del Aceite Esencial de Ocimum selloi Benth.&quot; Se determinó la composición química y la mutagenicidad de los aceites esenciales obtenidos de las hojas del Ocimum selloi Benth, perteneciente a la familia Lamiaceae, nativos de la región sur de Brasil. Para el estudio se utilizaron técnicas de cromatografía gaseosa capilar acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Para la evaluación de la mutagenicidad in vivo se utilizó el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratones Wistar. Del aceite esencial nominado quimiotipo A, fueron identificados 10 constituyentes, que correspondieron a más de 99% de la fracción volátil. Los constituyentes mayoritarios que se identificaron fueron metil chavicol o estragol (46,33%), trans-anetol (31,20%) y germacreno D (6,37%). La composición del quimiotipo B fue de solamente 4 compuestos, que correspondieron a 99% da composición de la esencia. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron metil eugenol (45,17%), trans-cariofileno (43,52%) e isoaromadendreno (4,83%). Los resultados de la evaluación in vivo de la mutagenicidad indicaron que ninguno de los quimiotipos estudiados presentó aumento estadístico significativo de las aberraciones cromosómicas, lo que sugerí que estos aceites esenciales no son mutagénicos. Estos resultados reafirman la información existente del bajo riesgo toxicológico del uso del O. selloi en medicina tradicional