165 research outputs found

    Fisioterapia com brinquedos e Terapia Assistida por Cães em lactentes: estudo observacional

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    O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar a Fisioterapia com brinquedos com a Terapia Assistida por Cães no desenvolvimento neuromotor de lactentes com e sem alterações neuromotoras de quatro meses de idade. Foi feita uma pesquisa descritiva e observacional de caráter qualitativo. Foram incluídos 10 lactentes, avaliados pela Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta (EMIA) e divididos em Grupo 1 (G1) e Grupo 2 (G1), que foram subdivididos em Grupo Brinquedo (G1B e G2B) e Grupo Cão (G1C e G2C) para a realização das intervenções quinzenais. O questionário Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) foi escolhido para avaliar as oportunidades presentes no ambiente domiciliar. A análise de dados qualitativos foi por meio de fotos e filmagens. A presença do cão nos grupos G1C e G2C resultou em um ambiente descontraído e divertido, interesse no toque no pelo do animal pelos lactentes, movimentos alternados de membros, contato visual, presença de emissão de sons, evolução na interação social e sentimento de segurança. Nos grupos G1B e G2B, a motivação foi diminuída, os lactentes não emitiram sons, o contato visual e o interesse pelo toque ocorreram apenas com brinquedos que apresentassem diversas cores e sons. Houve pouca agitação e motivação para as habilidades motoras nos grupos G1B e G2B. Foi possível concluir que a presença do cão promoveu melhores resultados motores, sociais, afetivos e cognitivos. A Terapia assistida por animais pode ser um método eficaz para auxiliar na fisioterapia convencional de lactentes com atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor| El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar lafisioterapia con juguetes con la terapia asistida por perros en el desarrollo neuromotor de los lactantes de cuatro mesescon y sin trastornos neuromotores. Se trata de una investigacióncualitativa, descriptiva y observacional, realizada con 10 lactantes,quienes fueron evaluados por la escala motora infantil de Alberta(EMIA), divididos en grupo 1 (G1) y grupo 2 (G1), y subdivididos engrupo juguete (G1J y G2J) y el grupo con perro (G1P y G2P) pararealizar las intervenciones quincenales. El cuestionario Affordancesin the Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale(AHEMD-IS) se aplicó para evaluar las oportunidades presentesen el entorno domiciliario. El análisis de los datos cualitativos serealizó a partir de fotografías y filmaciones. La presencia del perroen los grupos G1P y G2P resultó en un ambiente relajado y divertido,interés de los lactantes por tocar el pelaje del animal, alternanciade movimientos de las extremidades, contacto visual, emisión desonidos, evolución en la interacción social y sensación de seguridad.En los grupos G1J y G2J hubo disminución de la motivación, ausenciade emisión de sonidos por parte de los lactantes y contacto visual einterés por el tacto restringido a los juguetes que tenían diferentescolores y sonidos, además de haber poca agitación y motivaciónpara la motricidad en estos grupos. Se concluyó que la presenciadel perro promovió mejores resultados motrices, sociales, afectivosy cognitivos. La terapia asistida por animales puede ser un métodoeficaz para ayudar en la fisioterapia convencional para los lactantescon retraso en el desarrollo neuropsicomotoThis study aimed to compare toy-assisted physical therapy versus dog-assisted therapy in the neuromotor development of 4-month-old infants with and without neuromotor disorders. Qualitative descriptive observational research was conducted. Ten infants were included, evaluated using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), and divided into Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2), which were subdivided into toy (TG1 and TG2) and dog (DG1 and DG2) groups for biweekly interventions. The Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) was chosen to assess the opportunities present in the home environment. Qualitative data were analyzed using photos and recordings. The presence of a dog in the DG1 and DG2 groups resulted in a relaxed and fun environment, infants’ interest in touching the animal’s fur, alternating limb movements, eye contact, presence of sound production, increased social interaction, and feeling of security. In the TG1 and TG2 groups, motivation was reduced, with no infant sound production, eye contact and an interest in touch occurred only with toys of different colors and sounds. There was little agitation and motivation for motor skills in the TG1 and TG2 groups. It was possible to conclude that the presence of a dog promoted better motor, social, affective, and cognitive outcomes. Animal-assisted therapy can be an effective method to assist in conventional physical therapy for infants with delayed neuropsychomotor development

    Antimicrobial capacity of Aloe vera and propolis dentifrice against Streptococcus mutans strains in toothbrushes: an in vitro study

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    OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated in vitro the efficiency of Aloe vera and propolis dentifrice on reducing the contamination of toothbrush bristles by a standard strain of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175; SM), after toothbrushing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen sterile toothbrushes were randomly divided into 5 toothbrushing groups: I (negative control): without dentifrice; II: with fluoridated dentifrice; III: with triclosan and gantrez dentifrice; IV (positive control): without dentifrice and irrigation with 10 mL of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate; V: with Aloe vera and propolis dentifrice. In each group, 1 sterile bovine tooth was brushed for 1 min, where the toothbrush bristles were contaminated with 25 µL of SM. After toothbrushing, the bristles were stored in individual test tubes with 3 mL of BHI under anaerobiosis of 37°C for 48 h. Then, they were seeded with sterile swab in triplicate in the Mitis salivarius - Bacitracin culture medium. The samples were kept under anaerobiosis of 37°C for 48 h. Scores were used to count the number of colony forming units (cfu). The results were submitted to the Mann-Whitney statistical test at 5% significance level. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference (

    ESTRATIGRAFIA E EVOLUÇÃO DA BARREIRA HOLOCÊNICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL NO TRECHO TRAMANDAÍ-CIDREIRA

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    The Holocene coastal barrier (barrier-lagoon system IV) in Rio Grande do Sul evolved differently in the last 6 5ka. For instance, to the north (between Tramandaí an Torres, figure 1) the barrier prograded, while to the south (between Mostardas and Estreito) it receded. The studied segment (Tramandaí Cidreira) is located immediately to the south of Tramandaí. In 2000 and 2001 a drilling campaign was carried out in this segment aiming to figure out its geological nature and evolution. The drill holes were performed along three cross-shore profiles (Tramandaí, Jardim do Éden and Cidreira, figure 2). Based on morphological, lithological, 14C dating, and computer modeling of coastal evolution it was possible to define a non-uniform transgressive nature for this barrier segment (30km long), as well as the barrier evolutionary chronology. In Tramandaí the barrier shows, on its western part, stratigraphic records of a transgressive phase that represents the maximum landward position of the barrier during the final stages of the Postglacial Marine Transgression (Fig. 4). On its eastern part the barrier shows a very discrete regressive stratigraphy, but in general the barrier stayed relatively stabilized during the last 6 5ka. Also in Tramandaí the oldest sedimentary record of the Holocene lagoonal system occurs. It corresponds to lagoonal floor mud deposits dated on 11280 10510 cal years BP. At the maximum sea-level height of the Postglacial Marine Transgression a barrier was positioned seaward of the present shoreline on both Jardim do Éden and Cidreira. In Jardim do Éden barrier, stratigraphy is essentially transgressive as a consequence of barrier landward translation during the last 6 5ka (Figure 5). Lagoonal muds presently cropping out at the foreshore zone indicate that this translation was controlled mainly by a negative balance on sediment budget (figure 6). In Cidreira the barrier has a transgressive nature also as a consequence of barrier translation during the last 6 5ka, but showing a very small and relatively recent phase of progradation (figure 7). During barrier translation at Jardim do Éden and Cidreira, a huge amount of sand was transported both landwards as transgressive dunefields and along the littoral drift system to the north of Tramandaí. These differences on coastal evolution in a relatively small stretch of coast is being accounted to slight differences on the substrate slope, which is presently represented by slopes of the inner continental shelf surface (Tramandaí: 0,062°, Jardim do Éden: 0,067° and Cidreira: 0,069°). These differences on substrate slope have determined the existence of different wave energies along the coast, with the lower energy related to more gentle slopes and defining a stable barrier as in the case of Tramandaí, and an increasing wave energy to the south related to more steeper slopes, defining transgressive barriers at Jardim do Éden and Cidreira.A barreira costeira de idade holocênica (sistema barreira-laguna IV), no Rio Grande do Sul, não evoluiu de um modo uniforme nos últimos 6 5 ka, ao longo dos seus 620km de extensão. O segmento da barreira investigado neste trabalho situa-se entre dois outros segmentos, um ao norte e outro ao sul, onde a barreira holocênica apresenta um caráter regressivo e transgressivo, respectivamente. Com base em dados morfológicos, litológicos de sub-superfície, datações por 14C e simulações de evolução costeira, foi definida uma natureza transgressiva para este segmento da barreira, porém não uniforme ao longo de seus 30 km de extensão, e estabelecida a sua cronologia evolutiva. Em Tramandaí, a barreira permaneceu relativamente estável nos últimos 6 5ka, enquanto que em Jardim do Éden e Cidreira a barreira apresentou um comportamento dominantemente transgressivo. Estas diferenças evolutivas são atribuídas a fatores locais que influenciaram no balanço de sedimentos. Como principal fator local é destacada a declividade diferenciada dos substratos da barreira em Tramandaí (0,062°), Jardim do Éden (0,067°) e Cidreira (0,069°), a qual, por sua vez, influenciou nas taxas de translação da barreira durante a elevação do nível do mar, e na energia das ondas incidentes no sistema praial

    Antimicrobial Capacity of Casein Phosphopeptide/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Enzymes in Glass Ionomer Cement in Dentin Carious Lesions

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    Svrha: Željela se procijeniti moguća inhibicija rasta bakterije S. mutans na karioznom modelu koristeći se stakloionomernim cementom (GIC) pomiješanim s kazein fosfopeptidom/amorfnim kalcijevim fosfatom (CPP/ACP) te lizozimom, laktoferinom i laktoperoksidazom (LLL). Materijali i metode: Odabrano je osamdeset trajnih trećih kutnjaka (molara). Dentin tih zuba ogoljen je i zaglađen. Osim koronalnoga dijela dentina, ostatak zuba hermetički je zabrtvljen, steriliziran i izvrgnut karijesnom utjecaju S. mutans. Karijesne lezije zatvorene su kako slijedi: grupa 1 (n = 20): GIC bez dodataka; grupa 2 (n = 20): GIC + CPP/ACP; grupa 3 ( n= 20): GIC + LLL; grupa 4 (n = 20): GIC + CPP/ACP + LLL. Broj bakterija S. mutans određivao se prije nego što su karijesni zubi zatvoreni (n = 5), nakon 24 sata (n = 5), nakon mjesec dana (n = 5) i nakon šest mjeseci (n = 5). Rezultati su analizirani opisnom statističkom analizom i Kruskal-Wallisovim testom (Student-Newman-Keulsov test). Rezultati: Mjesec dana nakon zatvaranja kombinacija GIC + LLL uzrokovala je značajnu redukciju rasta S. mutans (p < 0,01), no unatoč tomu zabilježen je značajan rast S. mutans šest mjeseci nakon zatvaranja. Uzorci GIC-a, GIC + CPP/ACP i GIC + CPP/ACP + LLL imali su značajnu redukciju S. mutans nakon 24 sata (p < 0,05), ali i porast broja bakterija nakon mjesec dana i šest mjeseci. Zaključak: Dodavanje LLL-a u GIC snažnije antimikrobno djeluje na S. mutans. To rezultira jednomjesečnom kontrolom bakterijskoga biofilma, što na kraju zaustavlja karijesnu leziju.Objective: To evaluate the ability of casein phosphopeptide/amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP/ACP) and lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase (LLL) added to glass ionomer cement (GIC) to inhibit the growth of S. mutans in a caries model. Material and methods: Eighty permanent third molars were selected. The dentin of these teeth was exposed and flattened. Except for the coronal dentin, the specimens were waterproofed, autoclaved, and submitted to cariogenic challenge with standard strain of S. mutans. The carious lesions were sealed as follows: group 1 (n=20): GIC without additives; group 2 (n=20): GIC + CPP/ACP; group 3 (n=20): GIC + LLL; group 4 (n=20): GIC + CPP/ACP + LLL. S. mutans counts were performed before the caries were sealed (n=5), after 24 hours (n=5), at 1 month (n=5), and at 6 months (n=5). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test (Student-Newman-Keuls test). Results: GIC + LLL caused a significant reduction of S. mutans 1 month after sealing (p<0.01); however, there was a significant growth of S. mutans 6 months after sealing. GIC, GIC + CPP/ACP, and GIC + CPP/ACP + LLL showed similar behavior with significant reduction of S. mutans after 24 hours (p<0.05) and increase after 1 and 6 months. Conclusion: The addition of LLL to GIC increases the antimicrobial action of GIC on S. mutans. This leads to control of bacterial biofilm for 1 month, thus stopping the progression of carious lesions

    Leptin’s and antigen-presenting cells’ functions in periodontitis – an overview / Leptin e as funções das células que apresentam antigénios na periodontite - uma visão geral

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    Leptin is a hormone synthesized predominantly by white adipose tissue. Its production levels are directly proportional to the total mass of this tissue in an individual’s body. Apart from its classic role in the regulation of hunger and satiety, it also plays an important part in scenarios involving innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been discovered that leptin levels are altered in a variety of inflammatory responses, such as periodontitis, a condition which derives from a persistent inflammatory immune response from a host facing bacterial infection. The initial trigger for this reaction is the recognition of the pathogens by antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, whose actions can be influenced by leptin. This review aims to present the relationship between leptin, dendritic cells and macrophages in the context of periodontal disease. Thus, we have assembled the most important findings related to leptin’s role in the modulation of the immune response carried out by these cells in periodontitis

    Occurrence and severity of white striping in broilers until 50d of age fed with high and low-energy diets : body weight, histopathological changes and meat quality

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    White striping (WS) is a condition characterized by the occurrence of white striations parallel to the muscle fibers on breast, thigh, and tender muscle of broilers. This study was aimed to evaluate the occurrence and severity of white striping and histopathological changes in breast fillets from 10 to 50 d broilers disregarding the effect of diet. Birds (n=572) were randomly assigned to a high- (HED) or low-energy (LED) diet (11 replicates of 26 birds/ dietary treatment) and were processed at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 d of age to evaluate occurrence of white striping, BW, histological analysis, and meat quality. The results showed that at 10 d of age, 2.27% of the birds showed some degree of WS and at 20 and 30 d of age the occurrence of WS (%) was higher in birds fed HED than birds fed LED diets. There was no differences (P>0.05) in the L*, a*, and b* values for meat or among different degrees of WS as well as between dietary treatments; however, carcass characteristics varied by age or carcass weight. Histologically, the severity of WS causes changes in myofibers, with muscle fibers showing sarcoplasmic reticulum vacuolization, a higher intercapillary distance and a reduced capillary to fiber ratio, suggesting loss of integrity of the cell structure, that was seen in birds fed both diets (low and high nutrient densities) after 30 d of age and lower oxygenation

    Influence of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation of the Photosensitizer Used in Photodynamic Therapy on Microbial Reduction in the Root Canal System: An in Vitro Study

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    Introduction: The success of endodontic treatment is based on microbial reduction promoted by the interaction of chemical and mechanical procedures. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used as an adjunct to conventional treatment, with significant microbial reduction. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) of the photosensitizer (PS) used in PDT on microbial reduction in the root canal system. Materials and Methods: Forty-five mesiobuccal root canals from extracted human mandibular molars that were inoculated with standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus mutans for 21 days were selected. The root canals were prepared using the ProTaper Next system and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15): 1) PDT: PDT alone; 2) PUI+PDT: PUI followed by PDT; and 3) PUI/PS+PDT: PUI of the PS followed by PDT. Microbiological samples were collected from the canals before and after using the protocols described above. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Tukey’s test) at a significance level of 5%. Results: Microbial counts before PDT, PUI+PDT, and PUI/PS+PDT did not differ significantly (P&gt;0.05), showing methodological standardization in the microbial contamination of the root canal system. There was a significant reduction in microbial counts after PDT (61.05%), PUI+PDT (65.04%), and PUI/PS+PDT (68.58%) (P&lt;0.01), but with no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present findings, it was concluded that the combination of PUI with PDT or PS activation did not influence microbial reduction achieved by PDT alone

    O Mundo das Cores, uma Abordagem Diferenciada no Ensino de Química

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    Na esperança de tornar as aulas de Química mais dinâmicas e descontraídas, diversas técnicas estão sendo utilizadas como artifício para auxiliar a prática docente. O uso de temas e da contextualização dentro do âmbito escolar tem se mostrado uma técnica de ensino-aprendizagem eficiente na formação dos discentes. Dessa forma, foi elaborada uma aula com o tema ‘mundo das cores’ com o objetivo de levar aos alunos alguns conhecimentos da teoria quântica associados à percepção visual que sem tem das cores, suas aplicações e subdivisões. Sendo assim a realidade vivida pelos alunos adentra a sala de aula e um aprendizado significativo é concebido

    Importance of Optimum Water Quality Indices in Successful Frog Culture Practices

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    The optimum quality of water indices is extremely important for successful frog culture. Frogs excrete their excreta and skin debris in water. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly renew the water and clean the tanks and bays of rearing systems. Such care is necessary for the prevention and prophylaxis of diseases, which may cause severe mortalities. Bullfrogs need water of good physical and chemical quality, and thus, water quality indices must be measured before starting a breeding and rearing program. Additionally, the producers should have a good knowledge about the water quality before establishing a rearing system. Aquatic ecosystems are dynamic and even in small rearing water tanks, physical and chemical parameters are interrelated. For example, any change in dissolved oxygen level depends on the water temperature and atmospheric pressure. The dissolved oxygen level is almost 9.08 mg L−1 near sea side at a temperature of 20°C, whereas its concentration rises up to 10.07 mg L−1, if the temperature drops to 15°C, indicating that dissolved oxygen and water temperature are closely interrelated. Thus, physical and chemical parameters of water should be considered and analyzed together because all of these factors have a direct impact on the culture systems

    Estudo e Projeto de Estabilização de Talude Urbano Utilizando a Técnica de Solo Grampeado: Caso de Obra no Município de Senador Firmino-MG / Study and Design of Urban Slope Stabilization Using the Stapled Soil Technique: Case of a Work in the City of Senador Firmino-MG

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    Em decorrência da frequência dos casos de instabilidade de maciços de solo ocasionados por fatores naturais ou por intervenções antrópicas, fazem-se necessárias a elaboração e a execução de técnicas construtivas eficazes e capazes de garantir a estabilidade dos maciços de maneira segura, com qualidade, com baixo custo e de rápida execução. Dessa forma, este trabalho procura sintetizar as etapas de estudo e projeto de estabilização de um talude, utilizando a técnica de solo grampeado que, devido à inegável notoriedade adquirida nos últimos anos no Brasil, apresenta-se como um tema bastante discutido, com uma boa bibliografia, mas que ainda não possui uma metodologia de projeto e execução tão bem definida. A partir da análise de um talude urbano na iminência de ruptura situado na cidade de Senador Firmino-MG, foi verificado que a técnica de solo-grampeado era a que mais se ajustava às condicionantes do local, dando-se início aos procedimentos de elaboração do projeto. Primeiramente, com o levantamento topográfico, obteve-se o perfil crítico com inclinação média de 48°. A sondagem de reconhecimento resultou em dois tipos de solo: arenoso, localizado na parte inferior, e siltoso, na parte superior. A partir de ensaios de laboratório, foram verificados, para os solos siltoso e arenoso, nos estados natural e inundado, os respectivos valores de coesão e de ângulo de atrito, além do peso específico natural. Para conseguir os parâmetros no estado de iminência de ruptura, realizou-se uma retroanálise. Um estudo paramétrico possibilitou um melhor entendimento da influência exercida pela inclinação dos grampos. A partir do pré-dimensionamento de acordo com os ábacos de Gigan (GIGAN,1986), obteve-se uma distribuição preliminar dos grampos. O dimensionamento foi realizado com o suporte do software GEOSTUDIO-SLOPE/W. Após as análises, nota-se que a umidade, quando o solo foi levado próximo à saturação, teve grande influência na queda da resistência do solo siltoso, havendo a necessidade de projetar um sistema de drenagem eficiente que evitasse este tipo de situação. Foi observado que o solo arenoso, principalmente na região inferior do talude, governava a estabilidade. Assim, através de iterações com o auxílio do software, foram encontrados os comprimentos e espaçamentos apropriados para cada região, visando à segurança, praticidade e economia do projeto
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