53 research outputs found
Method for monitoring intertidal communities in a steep rocky shore: a combination of digital image technology and field operational strategy
Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para estudos temporais de comunidades entre-marĂ©s de costões rochosos com acentuada inclinação, associando tecnologia de captura de imagens digitais com uma estrutura operacional de campo, permitindo a amostragem de ampla faixa da comunidade, em pouco tempo. Dois mĂ©todos tradicionais de estimativa de porcentagem de cobertura (estimativa visual e pontos de interseção) foram usados para comparar a aplicabilidade do mĂ©todo proposto a um estudo de sucessĂŁo, quanto Ă s vantagens econĂ´micas, operacionais e qualidade dos dados obtidos. O mĂ©todo permite a amostragem temporal de mĂşltiplos transectos verticais especĂficos, por meio de fotos seqĂĽenciais. As mesmas sĂŁo fundamentais para a posterior montagem da imagem do transecto num programa de edição de imagem atravĂ©s da compilação das fotos e sobreposição temporal dos transectos. Este mĂ©todo obteve resultados similares ao mĂ©todo de pontos de interseção quanto Ă s leituras de porcentagem de cobertura, alĂ©m de reduzido tempo em campo, vantagens econĂ´micas e vantagens do uso das fotografias digitais. A análise das transições temporais permitiu a obtenção de parâmetros como recrutamento, mortalidade e crescimento populacional, alĂ©m da montagem de uma animação com a sucessĂŁo. Consideramos esta metodologia a mais indicada para estudos de sucessĂŁo ecolĂłgica, especialmente no monitoramento de comunidades de invertebrados bentĂ´nicos do mĂ©diolitoral, em costões de inclinação acentuada.This paper introduces a method for temporal studies of steep rocky intertidal communities. It combines the use of digital image technology with field methodology, so that a wide area of the community can be sampled in a short time. Two current nondestructive percent cover estimation methods (visual estimation and point intersection) were compared in terms of cost, operational advantages and data quality, with a proposed method for a sucessional study . The proposed method used sequential photos to sample multiple fixed vertical transects over time. Reproduction of the mid-intertidal transect over time was possible by overlaying temporal transects in an image editing program. This method was similar to the point intersection quadrat method used to estimate percent cover. Benefits included reduced time on field work, economic advantages and other advantages of using digital photography, such as recording. Temporal photography of transects provided measurements of recruitment, mortality and population growth, and made it possible to manufacture an animation of sucessional stages. We suggest that this is the best method for providing information and understanding on the process of succession and for monitoring benthic invertebrate intertidal communities on steep rocky shores
Common bean resistance expression to whitefly in winter and rainy seasons in Brazil
Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is the major pest of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Brazil and other countries. Host plant resistance is one of the cornerstones of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), and assessment of cultivars for insect resistance is fundamental to provide farmers options for pest control. This study evaluated common bean resistance to whitefly in the winter and rainy seasons in Jaboticabal, Brazil, and correlated the infestation with climatic factors. The plant part and development period of common bean that are more susceptible to whitefly infestation were also examined for potential use in IPM. Field experiments were carried out using 18 and 19 commercial cultivars in the winter and rainy seasons, respectively. Whitefly eggs, nymphs, and adults in the upper part and lower part of plants were sampled from 25 to 60 days after emergence (DAE). Cultivars IAC-Una and IAC-Eldorado had less oviposition and the former also showed lower adult infestation in the winter season. In the rainy season, cultivars IAPAR-81 and Guará had a smaller number of eggs, whereas IAC-Centauro was less infested by nymphs. The number of nymphs and adults was similar among cultivars in the winter and rainy seasons, respectively. The upper part of plants had a greater number of eggs and adults, while, the lower part harbored larger numbers of nymphs. Common bean was more susceptible to whitefly at 25-32 DAE in both seasons. These results add useful information to IPM of whitefly in common bean
Motivos que levam praticantes e nĂŁo praticantes de exercĂcio fĂsico do Distrito Federal a nĂŁo se exercitarem em academias
Objetivo: Identificar os motivos que levam praticantes e nĂŁo praticantes de exercĂcios fĂsicos do Distrito Federal (DF) a nĂŁo procurarem uma academia para se exercitarem. Metodologia: Participaram 223 moradores do DF, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 66 anos, que nĂŁo frequentam academias. Os voluntários foram divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o sexo e prática de atividades fĂsicas. Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, elaborado pelos prĂłprios pesquisadores, que contĂ©m 16 perguntas. Resultados e discussĂŁo: De forma geral, os homens que nĂŁo praticam exercĂcios fĂsicos em academias nĂŁo o fazem por falta de tempo (40,7%) e por indisposição (36,4%), seguido por questões financeiras, nĂŁo gostar do ambiente de academia e outros motivos. Já as mulheres, os principais motivos foram nĂŁo gostarem do ambiente da academia (45,7%) e indisposição (41,9%), seguido por falta de tempo, questões financeiras e outros motivos. ConclusĂŁo: Conclui-se que, para homens praticantes de exercĂcio, os principais motivos para nĂŁo procurarem uma academia para se exercitar sĂŁo as questões financeiras e a falta de tempo. Já para as mulheres praticantes de exercĂcio, os principais motivos sĂŁo nĂŁo gostar do ambiente de academia e a indisposição
Estudo do Uso do Aquecimento Solar Aplicado ao Setor Industrial TĂŞxtil Brasileiro
Os setores produtivos têxteis com maior peso no consumo de energia são os de acabamentos e o tingimento, quando comparados com os setores da fiação, tecelagem e confecção. As etapas de acabamento e tingimento têm uma forte componente térmica, o que demanda implementar outros tipos de energias. O estudo de caso prevê avaliar o uso da energia solar, por meio de tecnologias termosolares inovadoras no setor industrial têxtil brasileiro
Odontologia hospitalar no Brasil: onde estamos? Uma análise do cenário dos últimos anos
Hospital Dentistry aims at the maintenance and care provided to patients under hospitalization. The dental surgeon is a professional duly trained to identify, prevent and treat changes in the oral cavity. The insertion of the DS in a hospital environment has been instituted through resolutions and laws to benefit those who need this service. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present the trajectory of OH in Brazil, to verify its current panorama and to show about the importance of this professional in the multidisciplinary team of hospitals. The searches were carried out between 2001 and 2019 in national bibliographic databases and as a complement to the hospital dentistry manual, in articles published by the National Health Surveillance Agency and in laws published in the official diaries of the municipalities, states and union. The data show that many states have already adapted, from the legal point of view, to make hospital dentistry a reality. However, inspection and professionals are still lacking in all jobs. Therefore, the last decade has been decisive in favor of hospital dentistry, but there is still a lot to be done for new advances to happen.A Odontologia Hospitalar visa Ă manutenção e aos cuidados prestados a pacientes sob internação hospitalar. O cirurgiĂŁo-dentista Ă© um profissional devidamente capacitado para identificação, prevenção e tratamento de alterações na cavidade bucal. A inserção do CD em ambiente hospitalar tem sido instituĂda mediante resoluções e leis para beneficiar quem carece desse atendimento. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho Ă© apresentar trajetĂłria da Odontologia Hospitalar no Brasil, verificar seu panorama atual e mostrar sobre a importância desse profissional na equipe multidisciplinar dos hospitais. As buscas foram realizadas, entre os anos de 2001 e 2019, em bases de dados bibliográficos nacionais e como complemento no manual de odontologia hospitalar, em matĂ©rias publicadas pela AgĂŞncia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e em leis publicadas nos diários oficiais dos municĂpios, estados e uniĂŁo. Os dados mostram que muitos estados já se adequaram, do ponto de vista legal, no sentido de tornar a Odontologia Hospitalar uma realidade. No entanto, ainda falta fiscalização e profissionais ocupando todos os postos de trabalho. Logo, percebe-se que a Ăşltima dĂ©cada foi decisiva em prol da Odontologia Hospitalar, mas ainda há muito o que se fazer para que novos avanços aconteçam
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
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