HANDLING MULTILINGUAL CONTENT IN DIGITAL MEDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

This document expresses and analyzes the need to define a generic method for representing multilingual information in multimedia data. It describes the basic requirements that would bear upon such representations and establishes the potential link with ISO committee TC 37/SC 4 (Language Resource Management) and with XMT (eXtended MPEG-4 Textual format)

Terminology standards at work: exploring several scenarios to implement ISO 16642

Colloque sur invitation. internationale.International audienceThere is always some distance between the technical constraints that are expressed in an international standard and the actual usage an implementer can make out of them in the practical settings of its company or institution. This is all the more true for ISO 16642 (Computer applications in Terminology Terminology Markup Framework), which does not provide one single computer format for representing computerized terminologies, but rather focuses on the underlying model that any such format should be conformant with. As a consequence, it is essential to make further studies on how specific usage scenarios may lead to even more constraints on the possible data models, so that general trends can be identified and, possibly, made explicit as recommendations to the final-end users. One possible format for such recommendations will of course be the identification of data category selections (DCS) that may characterize families of interoperable data structures on the basis of the set of data categories made available by ISO standard 12620 (Computer applications in Terminology Data Categories). In this context, our paper will explore three particular situations that will be qualified according to the condition of production or consumption of terminological data, and accordingly for which the core of a possible standard DCS will be described. The three situations are the following ones: - the unification of several thesauri and term banks within a nationwide scientific documentation center; - the initial deployment of a terminology component within a large industrial group; - the definition of a pivot representation for terminology extraction components that can transparently articulate the output of such software with higher level knowledge management components. As we shall see, the flexibility offered by ISO 16642 as well as its sound principles allow us to carry such specification tasks without precluding any further evolution in those various applicative contexts. We will also see how the methodology outlined in this paper allows us to provide wider information architectures combining two or more of the scenarios that we have identified

Causal mechanisms underlying periventricular leukomalacia and cerebral palsy

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Developmental motor deficits induced by combined fetal exposure to lipopolysaccharide and early neonatal hypoxia/ischemia: A novel animal model for cerebral palsy in very premature infants

A critical issue in animal models of perinatal brain injury is to adapt the pertinent pathophysiological scenarios to their corresponding developmental window in order to induce neuropathological and behavioral characteristics reminiscent to perinatal cerebral palsy (CP). A major problem in most of these animal models designed up to now is that they do not present motor deficits characteristic of CP. Using a unique rat paradigm of prenatal inflammation combined to an early postnatal hypoxia-ischemia pertinent to the context of very early premature human newborns, we were interested in finding out if such experimental conditions might reproduce both histological damages and behavioral deficits previously described in the human context. We showed that exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hypoxia-ischemia (H/I) induced behavioral alterations in animals subjected to forced motor activity. When both LPS and H/I aggressions were combined, the motor deficits reached their highest intensity and affected both spontaneous and forced motor activities. LPS+H/I-exposed animals also showed extensive bilateral cortical and subcortical lesions of the motor networks affecting the frontal cortices and underlying white matters fascicles, lenticular nuclei and the substantia nigra. These neuropathological lesions and their associated motor behavioral deficits are reminiscent of those observed in very preterm human neonates affected by subsequent CP and validate the value of the present animal model to test new therapeutic strategies which might open horizons for perinatal neuroprotection. © 2009 IBRO.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Incongruent cerebral growth in sudden infant death syndrome

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Spinal neurenteric cyst presenting in infancy with chronic fever and acute myelopathy.

The authors describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of a neonatal spinal neurenteric cyst (NC) presenting with long-lasting fever and acute myelopathy, and compare this observation with other infants reported in the literature. This observation shows that NC must be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute myelopathy with persistent fever in infancy. Fever is attributed to degenerative changes in the NC, triggering inflammatory cell infiltration and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion