May measurement month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Colombia

High blood pressure (BP) is the leading global preventable cause of death and the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, due to its asymptomatic nature, the lack of awareness of this condition causes underdiagnosis and low rates of adherence to pharmacological treatment. Looking for practical approaches to increase awareness worldwide, the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) implemented the 2nd May Measurement Month campaign in 2018 (MMM18). In order to contribute to this initiative, Colombia participated as one of the 89 countries involved in this hypertension screening programme. Blood pressure was measured in subjects from 11 departments in Colombia. Under the leadership of the Fundacio´n Oftalmolo´gica de Santander (FOSCAL), 400 volunteers across the country collected the data following the MMM protocol. Measurements from 35 548 participants with a mean age of 41.9 years were obtained. In total, 9475 (26.7%) of the total population studied had hypertension. Of those with hypertension, 69.9% of these subjects were aware of their condition, 65.0% were on antihypertensive medication, and 43.1% had controlled BP. Of those on medication, 66.3% had controlled BP. Hypertension screening, awareness, treatment, and control should be a priority in public health objectives due to its elevated burden of disease and direct association with increased CVD. The MMM campaign provided a positive impact in the diagnosis of hypertension across Colombia. Although efforts are being made to expand treatment capability and adherence, still more are needed to insure a broader coverage of antihypertensive medication in Colombia

Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of dyslipidemia : non-pharmacological treatment with exercise

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del ejerciciocomo una intervención no farmacológica parala prevención primaria y secundaria de eventoscardio y cerebrovasculares asociados a dislipidemiaen personas con hipercolesterolemia.Métodos: Se elaboró una guía de práctica clínicasiguiendo los lineamientos de la guía metodológicadel Ministerio de Salud y ProtecciónSocial para recolectar de forma sistemática laevidencia científica y formular las recomendacionesutilizando la metodología GRADE. Setomó la información específica acerca de ejerciciocomo medida terapéutica en el tratamientode dislipidemia. Resultados: Tanto el ejercicioaeróbico como el de resistencia se asocian adisminución en el colesterol con lipoproteínasde baja densidad y los triglicéridos, cambiosque fueron estadísticamente significativos; peroestos no son clínicamente relevantes, dado quese trata de una reducción mínima. No se encontróun cambio estadísticamente significativo enlos valores de colesterol de alta densidad. Conclusiones:Se presenta evidencia a favor del usode ejercicio como parte fundamental del tratamientode hipercolesterolemia. Aunque no seencontraron diferencias clínicamente significativasen los valores de colesterol o triglicéridos,el ejercicio físico es una actividad con ampliosbeneficios para el paciente en otros dominiosclínicos de interés, por lo que al considerar elriesgo y el beneficio de esta práctica, los beneficiosson claros y superan ampliamente el bajoriesgo al que se expone una persona al realizaruna rutina de ejercicio, como parte de su vidacotidiana.Artículo original34-43Objective: To evaluate the impact of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: A clinical practice guideline was developed following the guidelines of the methodological guidance of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to collect systematically the evidence and make recommendations using the GRADE methodology. Results: Both aerobic and resistance exercise are associated with decreased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, changes were statistically significant, but these changes are not clinically relevant since it is a minimal reduction in these values. No statistically significant change was found in HDL cholesterol values. Conclusions: Recommendations for the use of exercise as a fundamental part of the treatment of hypercholesterolemia are formulated. Although no clinically significant differences in the values of cholesterol or triglycerides, exercise is an activity with great benefits for the patient in other clinical domains of interest, being part of healthy lifestyles and exposure to low risk, so when you consider the risks and benefits of this practice, the benefits are clear and far outweigh the low risk to which a person is exposed when performing an exercise routine as part of their daily lives

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de las dislipidemias en la población mayor de 18 años

La Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de las dislipidemias en la población mayor de 18 años está dirigida a los adultos en riesgo para el desarrollo de dislipidemia o con diagnóstico establecido de dislipidemia, como también, para todo el personal de salud encargado de su atención en los diferentes niveles de complejidad del sistema de salud colombiano. Permitirá brindar parámetros de práctica clínica, basados en la mejor evidencia disponible para la atención en salud y el uso racional de recursos en esta patología. Se introducen cambios en el proceso de atención, que buscan disminuir la variabilidad injustificada en el abordaje de este grupo de pacientes generando procesos eficientes, sencillos y ajustados a la población colombiana; la guía es el resultado de un arduo proceso en el que se contó con la participación de expertos temáticos y expertos metodológicos, así como representantes de los pacientes y de las sociedades científicas y las universidades involucradas, y del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. En la siguiente sección se presentarán de forma resumida las recomendaciones y los puntos de buena práctica clínica para cada una de las preguntas formuladas, información que se amplía posteriormente en el capítulo respectivo.Guía de práctica clínica1-6

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

The effects of the chemical composition on the structural, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties of all-inorganic halide perovskites

Organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites are widely used in optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and light-emitting devices. Pursuing solutions to overcome the key problem of instability shown by most used MAPbI3 materials, all-inorganic perovskites like CsPbI3 are attracting considerable attention. Unfortunately, CsPbI3 still suffers from significant issues relating to chemical instability and toxicity due to the presence of Pb atoms; therefore, it is necessary to carry out a profound review of the properties of all-inorganic perovskites to overcome these problems. Experimental laboratories cannot afford, in terms of money and time, to synthesize and characterize large numbers of compounds to rigorously assess the outcomes. Therefore, a systematic density functional theory study of the family of all-inorganic perovskites with the general formula CsPb1−bSnb(I1−xBrx)3 has been performed, covering the entire chemical composition range and elucidating the connections between composition and the structural, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties, in addition to any effects on stability. Our results allow us to gain significant insight in the search for new all-inorganic perovskites with tailored structural, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties via fine-tuning the chemical composition

Transition Metal-Hyperdoped InP Semiconductors as Efficient Solar Absorber Materials

This work explores the possibility of increasing the photovoltaic efficiency of InP semiconductors through a hyperdoping process with transition metals (TM = Ti, V, Cr, Mn). To this end, we investigated the crystal structure, electronic band and optical absorption features of TM-hyperdoped InP (TM@InP), with the formula TMxIn1-xP (x = 0.03), by using accurate ab initio electronic structure calculations. The analysis of the electronic structure shows that TM 3d-orbitals induce new states in the host semiconductor bandgap, leading to improved absorption features that cover the whole range of the sunlight spectrum. The best results are obtained for Cr@InP, which is an excellent candidate as an in-gap band (IGB) absorber material. As a result, the sunlight absorption of the material is considerably improved through new sub-bandgap transitions across the IGB. Our results provide a systematic and overall perspective about the effects of transition metal hyperdoping into the exploitation of new semiconductors as potential key materials for photovoltaic applications

Cation substitution effects on the structural, electronic and sun-light absorption features of all-inorganic halide perovskites

All-inorganic perovskites (such as CsPbI3) are emerging as new candidates for photovoltaic applications. Unfortunately, this class of materials present two important weaknesses in their way to commercialization: poor stability and toxicity. This paper explores the possibility of lessening both stability and toxicity related problems, as well as obtaining improved photovoltaic efficiencies through the propitious fine-tuning of the chemical composition. Therefore, a systematic ab initio study of the family of all-inorganic perovskites with the general formula RbaCs1−aSnbPb1−bI2Br (a = 0–0.125 and b = 0–1) is here presented. Our results provide a complete description on the connections between the chemical composition, crystal structure, intrinsic stability, electronic properties, and absorption features, pointing out that all-inorganic RbaCs1−aSnbPb1−bI2Br (a = 0.125 and 1 > b > 0.5) perovskites would be adequate candidates for photovoltaic applications with improved stability and reduced Pb concentration

Spinel-Type nitride compounds with improved features as solar cell absorbers

Ternary spinel nitrides are a new class of semiconductor materials with tunable bandgap in the visible range. In this work, we report a rational design of spinel-type nitride compounds with improved features as solar cell absorber materials by way of the in-gap-band (IGB) concept. For this purpose, a systematic screening on the effect of transition metal (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo) hyperdoping on the crystal and electronic structure properties of germanium (Ge) and tin (Sn) spinel nitrides (γ-(MmSnx-mGe1-x)3N4, x = 0.5, m = 0.042, 0.083) was carried out through accurate ab-initio methods. The analysis of the electronic structure reveals that M-hyperdoped ternary spinel nitrides with M = Cr, Co, Cu show an IGB with the adequate properties to allow two extra photon absorption processes. A detailed study of the sunlight absorption properties, and maximum photovoltaic efficiencies reveal that Co-hyperdoped spinel is an excellent candidate to be used in photovoltaic devices as absorber material, with maximum photovoltaic efficiency of ~ 55. Overall, our results suggest that it would be possible to design new ternary spinel-type nitride materials with improved absorption properties suitable for potential use in photovoltaic applications