Effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) in domestic animals. Review

Solar radiation is necessary for life on Earth. Environmental pollution is contributing to global climate change, in ways such as degrading the atmospheric ozone layer, vital to controlling the type and amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the surface. Domestic animals are constantly directly exposed to solar radiation and can consequently develop skin lesions, optical tumors and thermal stress, or even die. UV light produces oxidative stress of the skin due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cells, causing cell aging or cancer. Antioxidants neutralize these harmful agents, but their activity decreases with organism age and metabolic state. A review was done of the histology and physiology of the skin, and the effects of UV radiation on domestic animals using bibliographic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Science) as well as journals available on the Internet. Understanding the effects of UV radiation on the health of domestic animals is vital since it can have substantial financial impacts on producers, compromise animal welfare and the quality and safety of animalorigin products

Análisis del programa educativo “Cubilete” para la prevención de adicciones a TIC en adolescentes. Caso específico de juegos de azar y apuestas online

RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la efectividad del programa educativo “Cubilete” para la prevención de adicciones a Internet, móvil, juegos y apuestas online en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato, diseñado por la Asociación Alujer. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 637 alumnos de diferentes centros de la ciudad de Jaén (España). El instrumento para medir la eficacia del programa en una medida pre y postest fue el Cuestionario escolar de creencias, actitudes y usos de tecnologías, juegos virtuales y apuestas online (CCAU), construido ad hoc. La intervención tuvo una duración de 4 semanas y fue llevada a cabo durante las horas de tutoría. Los resultados muestran una reducción significativa en cuanto al uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), así como en la frecuencia en las que se utilizan las mismas. También se observó un aumento en el reconocimiento de adicción a las TIC una vez llevada a cabo la intervención, además de un mayor conocimiento de los padres del uso que hacen sus hijos de las mismas. Así mismo, la participación a juegos de azar y apuestas online se ve reducida considerablemente. Por último, hay un esclarecimiento en lo referido al significado del concepto adicción, aunque no significativamente del concepto juego patológico. Como conclusión se destaca el papel revelador que tiene este tipo de intervenciones sobre la población joven en lo referido al uso de las TIC y las adicciones a juegos de azar, virtuales y apuestas.ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the educational program "Cubilete" for the prevention of addictions to Internet, mobile, games and online bets in students of Secondary Education and Baccalaureate, designed by the Alujer Association. The sample consisted of a total of 637 students from different centers in the city of Jaén (Spain). The instrument to measure the effectiveness of the program in a pre- and post-test measure was the school Cuestionario escolar de creencias, actitudes y usos de tecnologías, juegos virtuales y apuestas online (CCAU), made ad hoc. The intervention lasted 4 weeks and was carried out during the tutorial hours. The results show a significant reduction in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), as well as in the frequency in which they are used. There was also an increase in the recognition of addiction to ICT once the intervention was carried out, as well as a greater knowledge of the parents of the use made by their children. Likewise, participation in online gambling and betting is considerably reduced. Finally, there is clarification regarding the meaning of the concept of addiction, although not significantly of the concept of pathological gambling. In conclusion, the revealing role of this type of interventions on the young population in the use of ICT and addictions to gambling, virtual and betting is highlighted

Control químico de Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae) en lima persa

Se evaluó el efecto de seis formulaciones comerciales deinsecticidas para el control de los diferentes estados biológicos de Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) en lima persa en condiciones de invernadero y en laboratorio. Los insecticidas estudiados fueron imidacloprid + betacyflutrin, spirotetramat, imidacloprid, thiametoxam + lambda cyalotrina, imidacloprid + lambda cyalotrina, aceite parafínico de petróleo y un testigo sin aplicación. Se utilizaron especímenes de una cria de D. citri traída de Cuitláhuac, Veracruz en enero de 2012. Se establecieronsobre plantas de lima persa con más de un año de no tener aplicaciones de insecticidas. Los parámetros evaluados fueron toxicidad de los insecticidas en huevecillos, ninfas y adultos. Los ensayos se dispusieron en un diseño completamente al azar, con 10 repeticiones para cada tratamiento, los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba de separación de medias por el método de Tukey (P = 0.05). El aceite parafínico de petróleo causó mortalidad de huevecillos; sin embargo, el imidacloprid retrasó la eclosión de huevecillos respecto a los tratamientos con insecticida. Las ninfas fueron susceptibles a todos los insecticidas evaluados, resultando con mayor mortalidad el imidacloprid e imidacloprid + betacyflutrin. En adultos, las mortalidades fueron superiores que en ninfas. En diferentes fechas después de la aplicación se presentaron mortalidades del 100% para ambos estados biológicos

Phytopathogenic fungi associated with blueberry dieback (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) pruning and sealing management

Objective: Identify the phytopathogenic fungi related to the downward death of blueberry, verify their pathogenicity, their incidence after pruning and the type of sealing. Design/methodology/approach: For this, samples of symptomatic stems and branches were collected in eight commercial blueberry lots in the municipalities of Ahome, El Fuerte and Guasave in the state of Sinaloa, of which 196 fungal isolates were obtained, which were morphologically identified; to subsequently perform pathogenicity tests on detached leaf and bilox rods; Likewise, 2 pruning angles and three sealants were evaluated compared to an absolute control with a completely random arrangement. Results: Based on morphological analysis, the genera were determined: Alternaria, Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Pestalotia and Curvularia, however, only the isolates of Lasiodiplodia were pathogenic in leaves and rods, while the best result is achieved with the angle of pruning 45º and sealing with vinyl paint type washable plastic plus copper oxychloride. Limitations on study/implications: There were no limitations. Findings/conclusions: The results achieved open new lines of research related to the molecular identification and impact of the disease on performanc

Desalination effects on macroalgae (part A): Laboratory-controlled experiments with Dictyota spp. from the Pacific Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

Desalination brines from direct seawater intake that get discharged to coastal areas may produce stress responses on benthic marine communities, mostly due to its excess salinity, and especially on sessile organisms; in this context, macroalgae have been understudied in desalination ecotoxicological investigations. In this study, we assessed the short- and long-term cellular tolerance responses in two brown species of the macroalgae genus Dictyota through controlled laboratory conditions. Dictyota kunthii was collected from the eastern Pacific Ocean (average salinity, ~34 psu), whereas Dictyota dichotoma was from the Mediterranean Sea (average salinity, ~37 psu). Each macroalgae species was exposed for up to 7 days to two conditions with increased salinity values: +2 and +7 psu above their natural average salinity. Photosynthetic parameters and oxidative stress measurements were determined. The results showed that, in both Dictyota species, high salinity values induced reduced photoinhibition (Fv/Fm) but increased the primary productivity (ETRmax) and light requirement (EkETR) especially after 7 days. Conversely, the photosynthetic efficiency (αETR) decreased in hypersalinity treatments in D. dichotoma, while there were no changes in D. kunthii. The reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was greater at high salinity values at 3 days for D. dichotoma and after 7 days in D. kunthii, while lipid peroxidation decreases under hypersalinity with time in both species. Despite the evident H2O2 accumulation in both species against hypersalinity, it did not produce oxidative damage and important impairment in the photosynthetic apparatus. These results contribute to understanding the tolerance strategies at the cellular level of Dictyota spp., which may be considered as potential candidates for biomonitoring of desalination impacts in the field.We gratefully thank the financial support from ANID FONDECYT Postdoctoral fellowship #3180394, European Commission Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions #888415, and ANID INES I+D # INID210013. Financial support for mobility was granted from SEGIB Scholarship and Fundación Carolina of Spain to PM. We also thank TESPOST 04/19 PhD scholarship granted by Universidad de Playa Ancha to PM. The initiative was also funded by Universidad de Playa Ancha through the Concurso Regular de Investigación 2019 no. CEA 19-20

Desalination effects on macroalgae (part b): Transplantation experiments at brine-impacted sites with Dictyota spp. from the Pacific Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

Desalination residual brines are mostly discharged to marine environments, which can produce osmotic stress on sensitive benthic organisms. In this investigation, we performed transplantation experiments nearby desalination plants using two brown macroalgae species from a cosmopolitan genus: Dictyota kunthii (Chile) and Dictyota dichotoma (Spain). Parameters related to photosynthetic activity and oxidative stress were evaluated at 3 and 7 days for D. kunthii, and 3 and 6 days for D. dichotoma; each at 2 different impacted sites and 1 control. We observed that brine exposition at both impacted sites in Chile generated a marked stress response on D. kunthii, reflected in a decrease of primary productivity (ETRmax), light requirement (EkETR), and an excessive thermal dissipation (NPQmax), especially at 7 days. In D. dichotoma, similar impaired photosynthetic activity was recorded but only at the highest brine influence site during day 3. Regarding oxidative stress, both species displayed high levels of H2O2 when exposed to brine-influenced sites. Although in D. kunthii H2O2 content together with lipid peroxidation was higher after 3 days, these returned to baseline values towards day 7; instead, D. dichotoma H2O2 levels increased only at day 6. This easy and practical approach has proven to provide valuable data to address potential impacts of brine discharges at global scale coastal ecosystems.We gratefully thank financial support to ANID FONDECYT Postdoctoral fellowship #3180394, European Commission Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions #888415, and ANID INES I+D # INID210013. Financial support for mobility granted from SEGIB Scholarship and Fundación Carolina of Spain to PM. Also, we thank TESPOST 04/19 PhD scholarship granted by Universidad de Playa Ancha to PM

Efectos de un programa de Atención Farmacéutica para pacientes con esclerosis múltiple sobre la adherencia al tratamiento inmunomodulador

Objetivos: Analizar el efecto de la implantación de un programa de atención farmacéutica específico para pacientes con esclerosis múltiple sobre la adherencia al tratamiento inmunomodulador. Conocer con que fármacos han sido tratados, su duración, los tipos de tratamiento de inicio así como la frecuencia y sus motivos de cambio. Métodos: Programa de atención farmacéutica con un diseño pre-post exposición, longitudinal, prospectivo del 1 de junio a 31 de diciembre de 2011 sobre pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, en tratamiento con algún fármaco inmunomodulador parenterales dispensados de forma ambulatoria. Retrospectivamente también se recogieron y analizaron variables relacionadas con los tratamientos inmunomoduladores recibidos y con la adherencia: % de adherencia= (dosis de fármaco dispensadas/ dosis necesarias) x 100. Se utilizó como nivel de significación una p<0,05 y un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: La adherencia previa (97,3%) fue inferior a la obtenida durante el periodo de estudio (98,4%): -1,12 (IC 95%= -3,39 – 1,14; p= 0,326). El tratamiento más frecuentemente administrado e iniciado fue el interferón-β. La duración mediana de los tratamientos fue de 39,5 meses (6,5 - 172). El principal motivo de cambio fue la respuesta subóptima. Conclusiones: La adherencia fue siempre muy elevada y superior durante la fase prospectiva, pero no de manera significativa. Se observó un predominio de las terapias con interferón-β probablemente debido a ser el primer fármaco inmunomodulador disponible. El principal motivo de cambio observado fue la respuesta subóptima. Debido a su efectividad a largo plazo, los tratamientos inmunomoduladores se han mantenido durante largos periodos de tiempo.Aim: Analyze the effect of the implementation of a pharmaceutical care program specific for patients with multiple sclerosis on immunomodulatory treatment adherence. To know the drugs with which the patients have been treated, the duration, the types of treatment initiation, the frequency of change and its reasons. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study with a pre/post exposure design regarding the pharmaceutical care program implemented. All multiple sclerosis patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs from June 1 to December 31, 2011, were included. Also retrospectively were collected and analyzed variables related to immunomodulatory treatments received and adherence: % adherence = (dispensed drug dose / dose necessary) x 100. Was used as a significance level of p <0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Prior adherence (97.3%) was lower than that obtained during the study period (98.4%): -1.12 (95% CI = -3.39 a 1.14, P = 0.326). The most common treatment administered and initiated was the interferon-β. The median duration of treatment was 39.5 months (6.5 - 172). The main reason of change was the suboptimal response. Conclusions: Adherence was always very high and higher during the prospective phase, but not significantly. There was a predominance of therapies with interferon- β, probably due it was the first immunomodulatory drug available. The main reason of change observed was the suboptimal response. Because of its long-term effectiveness, immunomodulatory therapies have been maintained for long periods

Effects of a pharmaceutical care program for patients with multiple sclerosis on immunomodulatory treatment adherence

Objetivos: Analizar el efecto de la implantación de un programa de atención farmacéutica específico para pacientes con esclerosis múltiple sobre la adherencia al tratamiento inmunomodulador. Conocer con que fármacos han sido tratados, su duración, los tipos de tratamiento de inicio así como la frecuencia y sus motivos de cambio.Métodos: Programa de atención farmacéutica con un diseño pre-post exposición, longitudinal, prospectivo del 1 de junio a 31 de diciembre de 2011 sobre pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, en tratamiento con algún fármaco inmunomodulador parenterales dispensados de forma ambulatoria. Retrospectivamente también se recogieron y analizaron variables relacionadas con los tratamientos inmunomoduladores recibidos y con la adherencia: % de adherencia= (dosis de fármaco dispensadas/ dosis necesarias) x 100. Se utilizó como nivel de significación una p&lt;0,05 y un intervalo de confianza del 95%.Resultados: La adherencia previa (97,3%) fue inferior a la obtenida durante el periodo de estudio (98,4%): -1,12 (IC 95%= -3,39 – 1,14; p= 0,326). El tratamiento más frecuentemente administrado e iniciado fue el interferón-β. La duración mediana de los tratamientos fue de 39,5 meses (6,5 - 172). El principal motivo de cambio fue la respuesta subóptima.Conclusiones: La adherencia fue siempre muy elevada y superior durante la fase prospectiva, pero no de manera significativa. Se observó un predominio de las terapias con interferón-β probablemente debido a ser el primer fármaco inmunomodulador disponible. El principal motivo de cambio observado fue la respuesta subóptima. Debido a su efectividad a largo plazo, los tratamientos inmunomoduladores se han mantenido durante largos periodos de tiempo.Aim: Analyze the effect of the implementation of a pharmaceutical care program specific for patients with multiple sclerosis on immunomodulatory treatment adherence. To know the drugs with which the patients have been treated, the duration, the types of treatment initiation, the frequency of change and its reasons.Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study with a pre/post exposure design regarding the pharmaceutical care program implemented. All multiple sclerosis patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs from June 1 to December 31, 2011, were included. Also retrospectively were collected and analyzed variables related to immunomodulatory treatments received and adherence: % adherence = (dispensed drug dose / dose necessary) x 100. Was used as a significance level of p &lt;0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%.Results: Prior adherence (97.3%) was lower than that obtained during the study period (98.4%): -1.12 (95% CI = -3.39 a 1.14, P = 0.326). The most common treatment administered and initiated was the interferon-β. The median duration of treatment was 39.5 months (6.5 - 172). The main reason of change was the suboptimal response.Conclusions: Adherence was always very high and higher during the prospective phase, but not significantly. There was a predominance of therapies with interferon- β, probably due it was the first immunomodulatory drug available. The main reason of change observed was the suboptimal response. Because of its long-term effectiveness, immunomodulatory therapies have been maintained for long periods

Effects of a pharmaceutical care program for patients with multiple sclerosis on immunomodulatory treatment adherence

Objetivos: Analizar el efecto de la implantación de un programa de atención farmacéutica específico para pacientes con esclerosis múltiple sobre la adherencia al tratamiento inmunomodulador. Conocer con que fármacos han sido tratados, su duración, los tipos de tratamiento de inicio así como la frecuencia y sus motivos de cambio.Material y métodos: Programa de atención farmacéutica con un diseño pre-post exposición, longitudinal, prospectivo del 1 de junio a 31 de diciembre de 2011 sobre pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, en tratamiento con algún fármaco inmunomodulador parenterales dispensados de forma ambulatoria. Retrospectivamente también se recogieron y analizaron variables relacionadas con los tratamientos inmunomoduladores recibidos y con la adherencia: % de adherencia = (dosis de fármaco dispensadas/ dosis necesarias) x 100. Se utilizó como nivel de significación una p&lt;0,05 y un intervalo de confianza del 95%.Resultados: La adherencia previa (97,3%) fue inferior a la obtenida durante el periodo de estudio (98,4%): -1,12 (IC 95%= -3,39 – 1,14; p= 0,326). El tratamiento más frecuentemente administrado e iniciado fue el interferón-β. La duración mediana de los tratamientos fue de 39,5 meses (6,5 - 172). El principal motivo de cambio fue la respuesta subóptima.Conclusiones: La adherencia fue siempre muy elevada y superior durante la fase prospectiva, pero no de manera significativa. Se observó un predominio de las terapias con interferón-β probablemente debido a ser el primer fármaco inmunomodulador disponible. El principal motivo de cambio observado fue la respuesta subóptima. Debido a su efectividad a largo plazo, los tratamientos inmunomoduladores se han mantenido durante largos periodos de tiempo.Aim: Analyze the effect of the implementation of a pharmaceutical care program specific for patients with multiple sclerosis on immunomodulatory treatment adherence. To know the drugs with which the patients have been treated, the duration, the types of treatment initiation, the frequency of change and its reasons.Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study with a pre/post exposure design regarding the pharmaceutical care program implemented. All multiple sclerosis patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs from June 1 to December 31, 2011, were included. Also retrospectively were collected and analyzed variables related to immunomodulatory treatments received and adherence: % adherence = (dispensed drug dose / dose necessary) x 100. Was used as a significance level of p &lt;0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%.Results: Prior adherence (97.3%) was lower than that obtained during the study period (98.4%): -1.12 (95% CI = -3.39 a 1.14, P = 0.326). The most common treatment administered and initiated was the interferon-β. The median duration of treatment was 39.5 months (6.5 - 172). The main reason of change was the suboptimal response.Conclusion: Adherence was always very high and higher during the prospective phase, but not significantly. There was a predominance of therapies with interferon- β, probably due it was the first immunomodulatory drug available. The main reason of change observed was the suboptimal response. Because of its long-term effectiveness, immunomodulatory therapies have been maintained for long periods

Understanding the retreat of the Jurassic Cantabrian coast (N. Spain): comprehensive monitoring and 4D evolution model of the Tazones Lighthouse landslide

Forecasting coastal dynamics and sea cliff retreat under different sea level rise scenarios requires a good understanding of the conditioning factors and their relative contribution to cliff stability. The so-called Jurassic Cantabrian Coast extends along 76 km of the coastline of the Asturias region (N Spain) and is well-known worldwide due to its paleontological heritage, in particular the presence of dinosaur remains and footprints. The abundance of stratigraphic, paleontological and tectonic studies contrasts with the scarcity of studies focused on the stability of this rocky coastline where cliffs predominate, sometimes exceeding 120 m in height. In fact, evidence of current and recent instability processes can be observed along the entire coastline. In this regard, continuous monitoring is crucial to understand ongoing instabilities in rocky coastlines, as in these settings some instabilities might initiate as slow movements that induce subtle topographic changes whose detection from either satellite or aerial imagery is problematic due to the spatial and temporal resolutions.This research is part of 1) the “COSINES” Project [CGL2017-83909-R], Call 2017 for RETOS Projects funded by the Spanish Economy, Industry and Competitiveness Ministry-Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Spanish Research Agency-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Regional Development Found (FEDER) and 2) the GEOCANCOSTA research group, supported by the Asturian Regional Government (Spain) [grant number GRUPIN-IDI-2018-184]