Heterodoxia vs. Ortodoxia: generadores de desarrollo en Sudamérica

Latinoamérica ha sido un territorio influenciado por muchas filosofías e ideas, que han generado una serie de corrientes que serán objeto de estudio -- Modelos económicos heterodoxas y ortodoxas que tienen como único fin el desarrollo socioeconómico de sus habitantes -- Este documento se basará en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Perú y Venezuela en la que se encuentran diversos modelos, en donde se evaluará sus decisiones en términos de dos indicadores, Gini e IDH para medir el impacto de las políticas adoptadas por los gobiernos durante los últimos 20 años -- Los resultados obtenidos en el modelo desarrollado en este trabajo muestran que la doctrina heterodoxa impacta más positivamente ambos indicadores de desarrollo -- Y su estimación econométrica se hizo por medio de panel de dato

Investigación de las tesis doctorales de Enfermería relacionadas con el deterioro de la integridad cutánea en España

[Resumen] Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue eva-luar la producción científica doctoral de enfer-mería relacionada con el deterioro de la integri-dad de la piel, analizando la temática y los tipos de lesiones en las que se centran.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, observa-cional, retrospectivo. Se realizó una búsque-da en la Base de datos de Tesis Doctorales del Ministerio de Universidades de España con las palabras clave “Úlcera”, “Herida”, “Pie diabético”, “Ostomía”, “Quemaduras, “Quemadura”, “Que-mado” y “Deterioro de la integridad cutánea”. Se desarrolló una revisión por pares para la selec-ción de tesis y la extracción de datos, siguiendo los criterios de elegibilidad.Resultados: Se seleccionaron 159 tesis, 56 de ellas realizadas por enfermeras. Se determinó que la mayor parte de las tesis analizadas (54%) se realizaron entre los cursos 2013-2014 y 2021-2022 y que el 47,6% de las mismas eran tesis rea-lizadas por enfermeras. Según el tipo de lesión las tesis analizadas comprendieron por orden de frecuencia ulceras por presión (57,1%), úlceras vasculares (10,7%), ostomías (3,6%), úlceras de pie diabético (3,6%), quemaduras (1,8%) y heri-das quirúrgicas (1,8%)Conclusión: Se observa que las tesis docto-rales de Enfermería se centran sobre todo en úlceras por presión y son en su mayoría de tipo descriptivo (prevención, la incidencia, la calidad de vida, la medición del nivel de conocimientos y la determinación de la carga asistencial)[Abstract] Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the doctoral scientific production of Nursing in re-lation to impaired skin integrity, analyzing the subject matter and the types of lesions on which they focus.Methods: Descriptive, observational, retro-spective study. A search was performed in the Database of Doctoral Theses of the Spanish Mi-nistry of Universities with the keywords “Ulcer”, “Wound”, “Diabetic foot”, “Ostomy”, “Burns”, “Burn”, “Burned” and “Deterioration of skin in-tegrity”. A peer review was developed for thesis selection and data extraction, following the eligi-bility criteria.Results: 159 theses were selected, 56 of them by nurses. It was determined that most of the theses analyzed (54%) were performed between the academic years 2013-2014 and 2021-2022 and 47.6% of them were nurse theses. By type of injury 57.1% were pressure ulcers, 10.7% were vascular ulcers, 3.6% were ostomies, another 3.6% were diabetic foot ulcers, 1.8% were burns and 1.8% were surgical wounds.Conclusion: It is observed that Nursing doc-toral theses focus mainly on pressure ulcers and are mostly descriptive (prevention, incidence, quality of life, measurement of the level of know-ledge and determination of the burden of care

Factors associated with nutritional status in hospitalized elderly patients

Introducción: la desnutrición es una condición frecuente en las personas mayores de 65 años. El mal estado nutricional se ha relacionado con mayores estancias hospitalarias, complicaciones, aumento en comorbilidades y mortalidad. Este estudio busca describir la relación entre el estado nutricional de adultos mayores hospitalizados y factores como red de apoyo, funcionalidad y pre-sencia de demencia.Material y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal analítico basado en la revisión de historias de los pacientes hospitalizados por el Servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá D.C. La variable dependiente fue el estado nutricional medido con el instrumento Mini-Nutritional Assessment y se usaron como variables independientes factores sociodemográficos, el estado funcional, el diagnóstico previo de demencia, la red de apoyo, delirium, tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, comorbilidades.Resultados: se incluyeron 887 pacientes con edad promedio de 85.43 años, de los cuales 43.07% eran hombres. En el modelo de regresión logística la presencia de delirium OR 2.27 (IC 1.48-3.48), el diagnóstico previo de demencia OR 2.48 (IC 1.63-3.77) y el mayor tiempo de estancia hospitalaria OR 1.05 (IC 1.0-1.10 ) tuvieron una asociación de aumento de riesgo con desnutrición.Conclusión:se encontró una asociación significativa entre mal estado nutricional con menor funcionalidad, mayor estancia hospitalaria, tener diagnóstico de demencia, presentar delirium, tener un mayor número de comorbilidad y mayor mortalidad. Se requieren más estudios que aborden este tema.Artículo original69-73Introduction: malnutrition is a prevalent condition in people older than 65 years. Poor nutri-tional status has been associated to longer hospital stays, complications, increased comorbidities and mortality. This study aims to describe the relationship between the nutritional status of hospital-ized older adults and factors such as support network, functionality and the presence of dementia.Materials and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was carried out based on the revision of medical records of patients hospitalized by the Geriatrics Unit at San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogota, Colombia. Nutritional status measured through theMini-Nutritional Assessment was considered to be the dependent variable. Sociodemographic factors, functional status, previous diagnosis of dementia, support network, delirium, length of hospital stay and pres-ence of comorbidities were used as independent variables.Results: 887 patients with an average age of 85.43 were included. 43.07% were men. The logistic regression model revealed that the presence of delirium OR 2.27 (CI 1.48-3.48), the diag-nosis of dementia OR 2.48 (CI 1.63-3.77) and the longer hospital stay OR 1.05 (CI 1.0-1.10) had an association of increased risk with malnutrition. Conclusion: a significant association was found between poor nutritional status with decreased functionality, longer hospital stays, having a diagnosis of dementia, presenting delirium, having a greater number of comorbidity and higher mortality. Future studies addressing this issue are required

Diseño y construcción del equipo para la Determinación del HDT de materiales poliméricos

Este trabajo se desarrolló con el objetivo de contar con un equipo que permita determinar la temperatura de operación o HDT en materiales poliméricos, Esta es una propiedad muy importante en aplicaciones de la industria del transporte, donde las piezas quedan expuestas a la radiación solar directa. El equipo fue diseñado bajo lo dispuesto en la Norma ASTM D648 “Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position”. El equipo permite la evaluación de cinco muestras.This work was focused on the evaluation of operation temperature call it HDT (heat deflection temperature) for polymeric materials. This property is very useful for many applications, especially on transport parts, which are exposed to solar radiation. The equipment was designed under the provisions of the standard ASTM D648 “Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position”. The equipment can evaluate five samples

Informe especial de estabilidad financiera: riesgo de crédito - Segundo semestre de 2020

Monitorear el riesgo de crédito es fundamental para preservar la estabilidad del sistema financiero. El análisis que se presenta en este informe utiliza, para cada modalidad de crédito, indicadores como el de calidad por riesgo; el indicador de calidad por mora (ICM); el indicador de calidad por riesgo por operaciones; el indicador de calidad por mora por operaciones; así como la probabilidad de que un determinado crédito migre hacia una mejor o hacia una peor calificación crediticia

Producción científica mundial en albendazol: un estudio bibliométrico

Producció

Producción científica mundial en albendazol: un estudio bibliométrico

Producció

Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2021

Banco de la República’s main objective is to preserve the purchasing power of the currency in coordination with the general economic policy that is intended to stabilize output and employment at long-term sustainable levels. Properly meeting the goal assigned to the Bank by the 1991 Constitution critically depends on preserving financial stability. This is understood to be a general condition in which the financial system assesses and manages the financial risks in a way that facilitates the economy’s performance and efficient allocation of resources while, at the same time, it is able to, on its own, absorb, dissipate, and mitigate the shocks that may arise as a result of adverse events. This Financial Stability Report meets the goal of giving Banco de la República’s diagnosis of the financial system’s and its debtors’ recent performance as well as of the main risks and vulnerabilities that could affect the stability of the Colombian economy. In this way, participants in financial markets and the public are being informed, and public debate on trends and risks affecting the system is being encouraged. The results presented here also serve the monetary authority as a basis for making decisions that will enhance financial stability in the general context of its objectives. In recent months, several positive aspects of the financial system have preserved a remarkable degree of continuity and stability: the liquidity and capital adequacy of financial institutions have remained well above the regulatory minimums at both the individual and consolidated levels, the coverage of past-due loans by loan-loss provisions remains high, and the financial markets for public and private debt and stocks have continued to function normally. At the same time, a surge in all the types of loan portfolios, a sharp downturn in the non-performing loan portfolio, and a rise in the profitability of credit institutions can be seen for the first time since the beginning of the pandemic. In line with the general recovery of the economy, the main vulnerability to the stability of the Colombian financial system identified in the previous edition—uncertainty about changes in the non-performing loans portfolio—has receded and remains on a downward trend. In this edition, the main source of vulnerability identified for financial stability in the short term is the system’s exposure to sudden changes in international financial conditions; the results presented in this Report indicate that the system is sufficiently resilient to such scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Leonardo Villar Gomez Governor Box 1 -Decomposition of the Net Interest Margin in Colombia and Chile Wilmar Cabrera Daniela Rodríguez-Novoa Box 2 - Spatial Analysis of New Home Prices in Bogota, Medellín, and Cali Using a Geostatistical Approach María Fernanda Meneses Camilo Eduardo Sánchez Box 3 - Interest Rate Model for the SYSMO Stress Test Exercise Wilmar Cabrera Diego Cuesta Santiago Gamba Camilo Gómez Box 4 - The Transition from LIBOR and other International Benchmark Rates Daniela X. Gualtero Briceño Javier E. Pirateque Niñ

Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020

The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governo