Diseño de un programa de envejecimiento activo desde terapia ocupacional

El envejecimiento es un proceso que vivimos desde el momento en el que nacemos. Hoy en día, todavía se sigue asociando envejecimiento con un incremento de enfermedades crónicas, discapacidad y por tanto dependencia. Pero, también está relacionado con el entorno físico y social de la persona por lo que fomentar hábitos de vida saludable va a reducir el riesgo de enfermedades y va a mejorar la funcionalidad de las personas. El Envejecimiento Activo se encarga de promover la autonomía e independencia de las personas mayores trabajando e interviniendo desde diferentes áreas fomentando la calidad de vida y el empoderamiento de las personas. Por lo que, diseñar un programa desde Terapia Ocupacional va a promover el desempeño ocupacional y significativo de las personas interviniendo en diferentes áreas. El objetivo es promover y mejorar la funcionalidad de las personas mayores y su participación en la sociedad para retrasar los déficits y deterioros propios de la edad con el fin de mejorar su calidad de vida. Para ello se ha diseñado un programa formado por 30 personas mayores con una duración de 4 meses donde se harán 32 sesiones grupales los miércoles y viernes. Antes de comenzar las intervenciones se llevará a cabo una evaluación inicial de cada uno de los participantes y una charla informativa donde se dará a conocer el objetivo del programa. Al finalizar, se realizará una evaluación final para conocer si ha habido cambios en las diferentes áreas trabajadas y una encuesta de satisfacción para evaluar el programa establecido

El papel de las/los emprendedoeres/as sociales en la construcción de la política pública de mujeres y equidad de género en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C localidad San Cristobal

2 Cuadros y 21 figurasLos emprendedores sociales son personas que buscan poner en práctica ideas cuyo fin es resolver problemas presentes en la sociedad. Su fin no es económico, aunque existe también la idea del emprendimiento social como una mezcla entre ideas innovadoras que buscan un cambio social y cierto beneficio económico para poder aplicarlas. Definición de Política Pública, Carlos Salazar Vargas, define política pública Las políticas públicas son “las sucesivas respuestas del Estado (del “régimen político” o del “gobierno de turno”) frente a situaciones socialmente problemáticas (Salazar, 1994). Las políticas públicas son una alternativa real para mejorar la calidad de vida de un grupo específico de ciudadanos pues es la forma más apropiada -y hasta ahora la más comúnmente utilizada- para transformar la realidad, es decir, ellas, son los dientes necesarios para que las buenas intenciones puedan cambiar el ámbito social, de un estado “A” a uno “B”, en donde –se supone- que este último (“B”) es mejor que el estado inicial (“A”). Por eso, es que las políticas públicas son el conjunto de iniciativas, decisiones y acciones del régimen político, frente a situaciones socialmente problemáticas y buscan solucionar esas situaciones o –al menos– llevarlas a niveles manejables. La Política Pública de Mujeres y Equidad de Género en el Distrito Capital es el marco de acción social, político e institucional que, desde el reconocimiento, garantía y restitución de los derechos de las mujeres que habitan el territorio, contribuye a modificar las condiciones evitables de desigualdad, discriminación y subordinación que, en razón al género, persisten aún en los ámbitos social, económico, cultural y político de la sociedad. El Programa «Bogotá con Igualdad de Oportunidades para las Mujeres», articula los lineamientos de Política Pública de Mujer y Géneros para que sean incorporados en los programas, metas y proyectos en el nivel central de las instituciones y en las localidades. Como proceso de construcción colectiva recoge los avances que organizaciones de mujeres han logrado al hacer políticamente visibles temas como: la participación en espacios de decisión política, la vida sexual y reproductiva, la violencia sexual, la violencia intrafamiliar y las violencias ocultas, los cuales hoy son objeto de formulación de política pública; sin embargo, el reconocimiento legal e institucional de los derechos de las mujeres es aún insuficiente. Formular e implementar políticas de igualdad que reconozcan el valor ético de las diferencias constitutivas de lo humano y avancen en la consecución de equidad de género y social, es imprescindible para enriquecer, consolidar y realizar el proyecto de ciudad incluyente y democrática. Se propone el Plan de Igualdad de Oportunidades como un conjunto de acciones positivas para disminuir las inequidades y brechas que enfrentan las mujeres y como el medio que permitirá a quienes habitan en el Distrito Capital avanzar hacia el disfrute de sus derechos y el desarrollo de sus potencialidades, de forma que logren, según los proyectos vitales libremente elegidos, las máximas realizaciones posibles.Social entrepreneurs are people looking to implement ideas whose aim is to solve problems in society. Its purpose is not economic, but the idea of ​​social entrepreneurship also exists as a mixture of innovative ideas seeking a true social change and economic benefit to apply. Definition of Public Policy, Carlos Salazar Vargas, defined public policy Public policies are "subsequent responses by the State (the" political regime "or" government of the day ") against socially problematic situations (Salazar, 1994). Public policies are a real alternative to improve the quality of life of a particular group of citizens as it is the most appropriate way and so far the most commonly used-to transform reality, that is, they are necessary for teeth good intentions can change the social sphere, a state "A" to a "B", where it is presumed that the latter ("B") is better than the initial state ("A"). So it is that public policies are the set of initiatives, decisions and actions of the political regime, against socially problematic situations and seek to resolve such situations or at least, bring them to manageable levels. The Public Policy of Women and Gender Equity in the Capital District is part of social, political and institutional action, since the recognition, guarantee and restitution of the rights of women living in the territory, contributes to preventable conditions change inequality, discrimination and subordination that due to gender persist in the social, economic, cultural and political spheres of society. The "Bogotá Equal Opportunities for Women" program articulates the guidelines of Public Policy of Women and Gender to be incorporated into the programs, goals and projects at the central level of institutions and in the localities. As a process of collective construction notes the progress that women's organizations have managed to make politically visible issues such as participation in political decision-making, sexual and reproductive life, sexual violence, domestic violence and the hidden violence, which today They are the subject of public policy formulation; however, the legal and institutional recognition of women's rights is still insufficient. Formulate and implement policies that recognize the equality of the constituent ethical value of human differences and move forward in achieving gender equality and social, it is imperative to enhance, consolidate and make the project an inclusive and democratic city. The Equal Opportunities Plan is proposed as a set of positive actions to reduce inequities and gaps faced by women as the means by which those who live in the Capital District to move towards the enjoyment of their rights and develop their potential , so as to achieve, as vital projects freely chosen, the maximum possibl

Mechanisms involved in the remyelinating effect of sildenafil

Remyelination occurs in demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and pharmacological treatments that enhance this process will critically impact the long term functional outcome in the disease. Sildenafil, a cyclic GMP (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5-I), is an oral vasodilator drug extensively used in humans for treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. PDE5 is expressed in central nervous system (CNS) neuronal and glial populations and in endothelial cells and numerous studies in rodent models of neurological disease have evidenced the neuroprotective potential of PDE5-Is. Using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a MS model, we previously showed that daily administration of sildenafil starting at peak disease rapidly ameliorates clinical symptoms while administration at symptoms onset prevents disease progression. These beneficial effects of the drug involved down-regulation of adaptive and innate immune responses, protection of axons and oligodendrocytes (OLs) and promotion of remyelination. In this work we have investigated mechanisms involved in the remyelinating effect of sildenafil. Using demyelinated organotypic cerebellar slice cultures we demonstrate that sildenafil stimulates remyelination by direct effects on CNS cells in a nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent manner. We also show that sildenafil treatment enhances OL maturation and induces expression of the promyelinating factor ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in spinal cord of EAE mice and in cerebellar slice cultures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sildenafil promotes a M2 phenotype in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) and increases myelin phagocytosis in these cells and in M2 microglia/macrophages in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Taken together these data indicate that promotion of OL maturation directly or through induction of growth factor expression, regulation of microglia/macrophage inflammatory phenotype and clearance of myelin debris may be relevant mechanisms involved in sildenafil enhancement of remyelination in demyelinated tissue and further support the contention that this well tolerated drug could be useful for ameliorating MS pathology

Quantum entanglement in exactly soluble atomic models: The Moshinsky model with three electrons, and with two electrons in a uniform magnetic field

We investigate the entanglement-related features of the eigenstates of two exactly soluble atomic models: a one-dimensional three-electron Moshinsky model, and a three-dimensional two-electron Moshinsky system in an external uniform magnetic field. We analytically compute the amount of entanglement exhibited by the wavefunctions corresponding to the ground, first and second excited states of the three-electron model. We found that the amount of entanglement of the system tends to increase with energy, and in the case of excited states we found a finite amount of entanglement in the limit of vanishing interaction. We also analyze the entanglement properties of the ground and first few excited states of the two-electron Moshinsky model in the presence of a magnetic field. The dependence of the eigenstates' entanglement on the energy, as well as its behaviour in the regime of vanishing interaction, are similar to those observed in the three-electron system. On the other hand, the entanglement exhibits a monotonically decreasing behavior with the strength of the external magnetic field. For strong magnetic fields the entanglement approaches a finite asymptotic value that depends on the interaction strength. For both systems studied here we consider a perturbative approach in order to shed some light on the entanglement's dependence on energy and also to clarify the finite entanglement exhibited by excited states in the limit of weak interactions. As far as we know, this is the first work that provides analytical and exact results for the entanglement properties of a three-electron model.Fil: Bouvrie, P. A.. Universidad de Granada; EspañaFil: Majtey, Ana Paula. Universidad de Granada; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Plastino, Ángel Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Moreno, P.. Universidad de Granada; EspañaFil: Dehesa, J. S.. Universidad de Granada; Españ

Mechanisms Involved in the Remyelinating Effect of Sildenafil

Remyelination occurs in demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and pharmacological treatments that enhance this process will critically impact the long term functional outcome in the disease. Sildenafil, a cyclic GMP (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5-I), is an oral vasodilator drug extensively used in humans for treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. PDE5 is expressed in central nervous system (CNS) neuronal and glial populations and in endothelial cells and numerous studies in rodent models of neurological disease have evidenced the neuroprotective potential of PDE5-Is. Using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a MS model, we previously showed that daily administration of sildenafil starting at peak disease rapidly ameliorates clinical symptoms while administration at symptoms onset prevents disease progression. These beneficial effects of the drug involved down-regulation of adaptive and innate immune responses, protection of axons and oligodendrocytes (OLs) and promotion of remyelination. In this work we have investigated mechanisms involved in the remyelinating effect of sildenafil. Using demyelinated organotypic cerebellar slice cultures we demonstrate that sildenafil stimulates remyelination by direct effects on CNS cells in a nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent manner. We also show that sildenafil treatment enhances OL maturation and induces expression of the promyelinating factor ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in spinal cord of EAE mice and in cerebellar slice cultures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sildenafil promotes a M2 phenotype in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) and increases myelin phagocytosis in these cells and in M2 microglia/macrophages in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Taken together these data indicate that promotion of OL maturation directly or through induction of growth factor expression, regulation of microglia/macrophage inflammatory phenotype and clearance of myelin debris may be relevant mechanisms involved in sildenafil enhancement of remyelination in demyelinated tissue and further support the contention that this well tolerated drug could be useful for ameliorating MS pathology

Newborn Screening for Primary T- and B-Cell Immune Deficiencies—A Prospective Study in Andalucía

Background: Quantification of T-cell-receptor-excision circles (TRECs) and kappa-deleting-recombination-excision circles (KRECs) from dried blood spots (DBS) allows detection of neonates with severe T-cell and/or B-cell lymphopenia that are potentially affected by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), as well as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Methods: Determination of TRECs and KRECs using a triplex RT-PCR (TRECS-KRECS-β-actin) assay from prospectively collected DBS between February 2014 and December 2016 in three hospitals in Seville, Spain. Cut-off levels were TRECs 700/punch. Internal (SCID, XLA, ataxia telangiectasia) and external controls (CDC) were included. Results: A total of 8943 DBS samples obtained from 8814 neonates were analysed. Re-punching was necessary in 124 samples (1.4%) due to insufficient β-actin values (<700 copies/punch). Preterm neonates (GA < 37 weeks) and neonates with a BW < 2500 g showed significantly lower TRECs and KRECs levels (p < 0.001). Due to repeated pathological results, ten neonates were re-sampled (0.11%), of which five neonates (0.055%) confirmed the pathological results: one case was a fatal chromosomopathy (TRECs 1/KRECs 4); two were extreme premature newborns (TRECs 0/KRECs 0 and TRECs 1/KRECs 20 copies/punch); and 2 neonates were born to mothers receiving azathioprine during pregnancy (TRECs 92/KRECs 1 and TRECs 154/KRECs 3 copies/punch). All controls were correctly identified. Conclusions: Severe T- and B-cell lymphopenias were correctly identified by the TRECS-KRECS-β-actin assay. Prematurity and low BW are associated with lower TREC and KREC levels. Extreme prematurity and maternal immune suppressive therapy can cause false positive results of TRECs and KRECs values.Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI13/01104Ayudas para contratos de formación en Investigación Rio Hortega. Instituto de Salud Carlos II

determinacion de bacterias patogenas en telefonos celulares del personal de salud en un hospital de la ciudad de manizales

Background: Cell phones are highly technological elements frequently used by all people, this has caused them to be taken without thinking about the hygienic condition in which they are; so they can serve as a vehicle for bacteria that cause health damage Objective: To determine the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the cell phones of health personnel working in the ICU of a hospital in the city of Manizales. Materials and methods: Quantitative study of a descriptive type, performed in the pediatric intensive care unit of a hospital in the city of Manizales. A sample of 39 health personnel working in the ICU was sampled. A survey was conducted to determine the conditions of use of the device. The bacteria found were identified using the automated equipment vitek 2 compact. Results: 97% of the cells presented bacterial contamination, predominating Bacillus spp (17%), followed by Staphylococcus hominis (13%) and Pantoea spp (11%). There was no significant resistance to antibiotics used as the first and second line of treatment choice. Conclusion: The surface of the cell phone houses a large number of bacteria, so it is important to have a restriction to use it inside hospital areas of special careFundamento: Los teléfonos celulares son elementos altamente tecnológicos utilizados frecuentemente por todas las personas, esto ha hecho que sean tomados sin pensar en la condición higiénica en la que se encuentren; por lo que pueden servir como vehículo de bacterias que causan daño a la salud. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de microorganismos patógenos en los teléfonos celulares del personal de salud que trabajaba en la UCI de un hospital de la ciudad de Manizales. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, realizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrico de un hospital de la ciudad de Manizales. Se tomó muestra a 39 celulares del personal de salud que trabaja en la UCI, se aplicó una encuesta para conocer las condiciones de uso del aparato, las bacterias halladas fueron identificadas mediante el equipo automatizado vitek 2 compact. Resultados: El 97% de los celulares presentaron contaminación bacteriana, predominando Bacillus spp (17%), seguido de Staphylococcus hominis (13%) y Pantoea spp (11%). No se presentó una resistencia significativa a los antibióticos utilizados como primera y segunda línea de elección de tratamiento. Conclusión: La superficie del teléfono celular alberga un amplio número de bacterias, por lo cual es importante contar con una restricción para utilizarlo dentro de áreas hospitalarias de especial cuidad

Anterolateral thigh versus radial forearm flap for cervical esophageal reconstruction in cancer patients: A retrospective cohort study in Colombia

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los resultados clínicos del colgajo anterolateral de muslo y radial de antebrazo, para la reconstrucción hipofaríngea y esofágica en un hospital de cuarto nivel en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo inlcuyo 38 pacientes a los que se les realizó reconstrucción funcional esofágica con colgajo de antebrazo radial o anterolateral de muslo (ALT) entre febrero de 2010 y diciembre de 2017. Resultados: Edad media fue de 51 años. El 80% genero femeninp. Los defectos laringoesofágicos estuvieron presentes en el 80%. Se requirió reconstrucción circunferencial total en el 60% de los pacientes. Se realizaron injertos braquio-radiales en el 26% y colgajos anterolaterales de muslo en el 74%. La tasa global de complicaciones tempranas fue del 30%, de las cuales el 20% fueron fístulas (braquio-radial, 2,8%; colgajo libre de ALT, 8,3%). Las complicaciones tardías (20%) incluyeron estenosis y obstrucción de la luz del injerto distal. Solo el 10% de los pacientes no pudieron tolerar la alimentación oral y el 50% de este paciente necesitó gastrostomía permanente. En cuanto al seguimiento oncológico durante el postoperatorio de 24 meses, no se observó recidiva tumoral. Conclusión: Los resultados funcionales de la reconstrucción con colgajo braquio-radial y ALT fueron satisfactorios. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la ALT tiene una menor incidencia de complicaciones posoperatorias que el colgajo radial de antebrazo. La elección del tipo de colgajo dependerá del tamaño y la ubicación del defecto. Los defectos pequeños y parcialmente cubiertos se benefician del uso de un colgajo radial, y para reconstrucciones faríngeas más grandes y circunferenciales con posibles requisitos de radioterapia, se benefician de un colgajo ALT.Objective: This study aimed to describe clinical outcomes of anterolateral thigh (ALT) and radial forearm flap in hypopharyngeal and esophageal reconstruction in a fourth level hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: This retrospective study included 38 patients who esophageal functional reconstruction using radial forearm or ALT flap at our center between February 2010 and December 2017. Results: Mean age was 51 years. About 80% of the included patients were females. Laryngoesophageal defects were present in 80%. Total circumferential reconstruction was required in 60% of patients. Brachial-radial grafts were performed in 26% and anterolateral thigh flaps in 74%. Overall, early complication rate was 30%, which 20% were fistulae (brachial-radial, 2.8%; ALT free flap, 8.3%). Late complications (20%) included stenosis and distal graft lumen obstruction. Only 10% of patients were unable to tolerate oral feeding and 50% of this patient needed permanent gastrostomy. Regarding oncological follow-up during the 24-month post-operative, no tumor recurrence was observed. Conclusions: Functional outcomes of reconstruction with brachial-radial and ALT flap were satisfying. Our findings suggest that ALT has a lower incidence of post-operative complications than radial forearm flap. The choice of the type of flap will depend on the size and location of the defect. Small and partially covered defects benefit from the use of a radial flap, and for larger and circumferential pharyngeal reconstructions with possible radiotherapy requirements, they benefit from an ALT flap

Comparison of the renal effects of bisphenol A in mice with and without experimental diabetes. Role of sexual dimorphism.

Bisphenol-A (BPA), a chemical -xenoestrogen- used in the production of the plastic lining of food and beverage containers, is present in the urine of almost the entire population. Recent studies have shown that BPA exposure is associated with podocytopathy, increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE), and hypertension. Since these changes are characteristic of early diabetic nephropathy (DN), we explored the renal effects of BPA and diabetes including the potential role of sexual dimorphism. Male and female mice were included in the following animals' groups: control mice (C), mice treated with 21.2 mg/kg of BPA in the drinking water (BPA), diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (D), and D mice treated with BPA (D + BPA). Male mice form the D + BPA group died by the tenth week of the study due probably to hydro-electrolytic disturbances. Although BPA treated mice did not show an increase in serum creatinine, as observed in D and D + BPA groups, they displayed similar alteration to those of the D group, including increased in kidney damage biomarkers NGAL and KIM-1, UAE, hypertension, podocytopenia, apoptosis, collapsed glomeruli, as well as TGF-β, CHOP and PCNA upregulation. UAE, collapsed glomeruli, PCNA staining, TGF-β, NGAL and animal survival, significantly impaired in D + BPA animals. Moreover, UAE, collapsed glomeruli and animal survival also displayed a sexual dimorphism pattern. In conclusion, oral administration of BPA is capable of promoting in the kidney alterations that resemble early DN. Further translational studies are needed to clarify the potential role of BPA in renal diseases, particularly in diabetic patients.pre-print3531 K

Bisphenol A Induces Accelerated Cell Aging in Murine Endothelium.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine disruptor affecting many organs and systems. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that BPA could induce death due to necroptosis in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). This work aims to evaluate the possible involvement of BPA-induced senescence mechanisms in endothelial cells. The β-Gal assays showed interesting differences in cell senescence at relatively low doses (100 nM and 5 µM). Western blots confirmed that proteins involved in senescence mechanisms, p16 and p21, were overexpressed in the presence of BPA. In addition, the UPR (unfolding protein response) system, which is part of the senescent phenotype, was also explored by Western blot and qPCR, confirming the involvement of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway (related to pathological processes). The endothelium of mice treated with BPA showed an evident increase in the expression of the proteins p16, p21, and CHOP, confirming the results observed in cells. Our results demonstrate that oxidative stress induced by BPA leads to UPR activation and senescence since pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in BPA-treated cells reduced the percentage of senescent cells prevented the overexpression of proteins related to BPA-induced senescence and reduced the activation of the UPR system. The results suggest that BPA participates actively in accelerated cell aging mechanisms, affecting the vascular endothelium and promoting cardiovascular diseases.post-print3206 K