Static locality analysis for cache management

Most memory references in numerical codes correspond to array references whose indices are affine functions of surrounding loop indices. These array references follow a regular predictable memory pattern that can be analysed at compile time. This analysis can provide valuable information like the locality exhibited by the program, which can be used to implement more intelligent caching strategy. In this paper we propose a static locality analysis oriented to the management of data caches. We show that previous proposals on locality analysis are not appropriate when the proposals have a high conflict miss ratio. This paper examines those proposals by introducing a compile-time interference analysis that significantly improve the performance of them. We first show how this analysis can be used to characterize the dynamic locality properties of numerical codes. This evaluation show for instance that a large percentage of references exhibit any type of locality. This motivates the use of a dual data cache, which has a module specialized to exploit temporal locality, and a selective cache respectively. Then, the performance provided by these two cache organizations is evaluated. In both organizations, the static locality analysis is responsible for tagging each memory instruction accordingly to the particular type(s) of locality that it exhibits.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Flux-cutting and flux-transport effects in type-II superconductor slabs in a parallel rotating magnetic field

The magnetic response of irreversible type-II superconductor slabs subjected to in-plane rotating magnetic field is investigated by applying the circular, elliptic, extended-elliptic, and rectangular flux-line-cutting critical-state models. Specifically, the models have been applied to explain experiments on a PbBi rotating disk in a fixed magnetic field ${\bm H}_a$, parallel to the flat surfaces. Here, we have exploited the equivalency of the experimental situation with that of a fixed disk under the action of a parallel magnetic field, rotating in the opposite sense. The effect of both the magnitude $H_a$ of the applied magnetic field and its angle of rotation $\alpha_s$ upon the magnetization of the superconductor sample is analyzed. When $H_a$ is smaller than the penetration field $H_P$, the magnetization components, parallel and perpendicular to ${\bm H_a}$, oscillate with increasing the rotation angle. On the other hand, if the magnitude of the applied field, $H_a$, is larger than $H_P$, both magnetization components become constant functions of $\alpha_s$ at large rotation angles. The evolution of the magnetic induction profiles inside the superconductor is also studied.Comment: 12 pages, 29 figure

‘Omics’ approaches for crop improvement

The growing human population and climate change are imposing unprecedented challenges on the global food supply [1]. To cope with these pressures, crop improvement demands enhancing important agronomical traits beyond yield, such as adaptation, resistance, and nutritional value, by pivoting direct and indirect selection approaches [2]. The development of next-generation high-throughput screening technologies, referred to as ‘omics’, promises to speed up plant trait improvement [3] while producing more sustainable crops. Large-scale techniques, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, have already provided large datasets for that purpose. Meanwhile, modern bioinformatic and machine-learning approaches are helping us to process this heterogeneous hyper-dimensional data [4] while ultimately understanding the mechanisms behind agronomic features within the contemporary plant breeding triangle (i.e., genomics vs. phenomics vs. enviromics) [5]. ‘Omics’ datasets are also being generated to study macro-scale interactions and deepen our knowledge of crop behavior across the microbial [6] and environmental [7,8] continua. However, despite these massive technological and computational developments [4], systemic efforts to integrate ‘omics’ studies to understand biochemical pathways and cellular networks of crop systems are in their infancy [9], especially in orphan species [10]. Therefore, this Special Issue envisions offering updated emergent views on large-scale ‘omics’-based approaches. Specifically, the compilation explores the conceptual framework of the ‘omics’ paradigm [11], the practical uses of multiple ‘omics’ technologies, and their integration through trans-disciplinary bioinformatics as tools to improve qualitative and quantitative traits in a diverse panel of crop species

Solving random mixed heat problems: A random integral transform approach

[EN] This paper develops a random mean square Fourier transform approach to solve random partial differential heat problems with nonhomogeneous boundary value conditions. Random mean square operational rules for the random Fourier sine and cosine transforms are stated and illustrative examples are included.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad grant MTM2013-41765-P.Casabán, MC.; Cortés, JC.; Jódar Sánchez, LA. (2016). Solving random mixed heat problems: A random integral transform approach. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 291:5-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2014.09.021S51929

Consideraciones clínicas sobre la resorción radicular externa por impactación dentaria

[email protected] resorción externa por presión (RREP) consiste en una pérdida de tejido dentinario y cementario de las raíces dentarias que se origina a nivel del ligamento periodontal, ocasionada por presiones prolongadas y mantenidas sobre la raíz. Presentamos tres casos con diferente repercusión y tratamiento. Según el distinto grado de afectación se describe y clasifica el tratamiento de RREP a causa de dientes impactados. En cuanto a la restauración de RREP se perfila la cavidad clase V de diseño 5 y el empleo de cermet o amalgamas de plata para su relleno.Pressure external root resorption (PERR) is a loss of dental root tissues (dentine and cementum) that begin in the periodontal area caused by a impacted teeth. We show three cases with differents clinical situations and therapeutical aspects. Pulpal injurie and difficulty in the post-endodontic cavity acces are characteristiques of these processes. Depending on the level of tissue destruction we discusse the therapeutical orientation in each case. Some treatments like class V type 5 cavities or fillings with cermet glass-ionomer in the more atipical situations (generally after an endodontic treatment) are a good choice in these [email protected] [email protected]

Legionella spp., UN PELIGRO PARA LA SALUD HUMANA

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a review that gives a general perspective of legionellosis and the different factors associated with this disease, such as the incidence, causal agents, treatment, control and prevention methods used globally in order to safeguard public health. Methodology: To develop this document, the search and analysis of pertinent information was carried out in different scientific and academic databases such as scielo, scopus, latindex, redalyc, google scholar, among others. Results: Legionellosis is caused by species of the genus Legionella spp., with L. pneumophila being commonly associated to clinical cases. Analytical methods have been developed for their detection, as well as sanitary regulations for water and hydraulic facilities for human use, in order to mitigate their impact on the population. Implications in the study: The causal agents of legionellosis inhabit aquatic ecosystems, and are capable of resisting diverse physicochemical conditions; therefore, they have been detected in hydraulic systems and equipment for human use, thus generating their dispersion and potential infection when inhaled through small drops of water (sprays). Conclusions: Legionella spp. is an emerging pathogen of importance in public health mainly in developed countries, due to its incidence, complications and mortality. It has been established that the prevention and control of legionellosis require joint actions in the microbiological control of water, development, dissemination, implementation and monitoring of the application of regular cleaning and disinfection programs by governmental entities, international health organizations, academia, industry and the general population.Objetivo: Brindar una revisión que aporte una perspectiva general de la legionelosis y de los diferentes factores asociados a esta enfermedad tales como la incidencia, agentes causales, terapéutica, métodos de control y prevención utilizados a nivel global a fin de salvaguardar la salud pública. Metodología: Para el desarrollo del presente documento se realizó la búsqueda y análisis de información pertinente en diferentes bases de datos científicas y académicas como scielo, scopus, latindex, redalyc, google académico entre otras. Resultados: La legionelosis es causada por especies del género Legionella spp., siendo L. pneumophila comúnmente asociada a casos clínicos. Se han desarrollado métodos analíticos para su detección, así como regulaciones sanitarias al agua e instalaciones hidráulicas para uso humano, a fin de mitigar su incidencia en la población. Implicaciones en el estudio: Los agentes causales de legionelosis habitan los ecosistemas acuáticos, y son capaces de resistir diversas condiciones fisicoquímicas por ende se han detectado en sistemas y equipos hidráulicos de uso humano, generando así su dispersión y potencial infección al ser inhaladas a través de pequeñas gotas de agua (aerosoles)

BIOCONSERVACIÓN, ALIMENTOS Y PESCADO

Objective: The aim of this work was to present general information regarding foodborne diseases (FDs) and bio-preservation processes with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites as alternative to increase the shelf life, safety, sensory and nutritional properties of foods, focusing on products such as fish. Methodology: For the development of this document, a search and analysis of pertinent information was carried out in different scientific and academic databases such as Scielo, Scopus, Latindex, Redalyc, Google Scholar, among others. Results: In recent years, the trend towards consumption of natural foods, free of chemicals and minimally processed, has developed. For these purposes, the role of LAB in the generation, conservation, and safety of foods through their growth and production of bioactive metabolites has been demonstrated. Implications: Bioconservation of foods by LAB and / or their metabolites is still under study and requires more research on stability and effectiveness in different food production processes; its use should be complemented and does not substitute hygiene procedures in food processing. Conclusions: FDs are a relevant issue in public health around the world due to their incidence and mortality. Fish is considered to be a nutritious and perishable food with easy contamination and deterioration in the food chain, becoming a potential risk to consumer health. In view of this, LAB emerge as representatives in the production and bio-preservation of foods, contributing to sensory, nutritional and safety properties.Objetivo: Presentar de manera general información referente a las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA) y procesos de bio conservación con bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) y sus metabolitos como medidas alternativas para incrementar vida de anaquel, inocuidad, propiedades sensoriales y nutricionales de los alimentos haciendo un enfoque a productos como el pescado. Metodología: Para el desarrollo del presente documento se realizó la búsqueda y análisis de información pertinente en diferentes bases de datos científicas y académicas como scielo, scopus, latindex, redalyc, google académico entre otras. Resultados: En los últimos años se ha generado la tendencia al consumo de alimentos naturales libres de químicos y mínimamente procesados. Para tales fines se ha demostrado la función de las BAL en la generación, conservación, e inocuidad de los alimentos a través de su crecimiento y producción de metabolitos bioactivos. Implicaciones: La bioconservación de alimentos por BAL y/o sus metabolitos aún continua en estudio y requiere mayor investigación sobre la estabilidad y efectividad en distintos procesos de producción de alimentos; su uso deberá ser complementado y no sustituto de procedimientos de higiene en la elaboración de alimentos. Conclusiones: Las ETA son tema relevante en salud pública alrededor del mundo debido a su incidencia y mortalidad. El pescado es considerado un alimento nutritivo y perecedero de fácil contaminación y deterioro en la cadena alimentaria convirtiéndose en un potencial riesgo a la salud del consumidor. Ante esto las BAL surgen como representantes en la producción y bioconservación de alimentos, contribuyendo en las propiedades sensoriales, nutricionales e inocuas

Bean Genome Diversity Reveals the Genomic Consequences of Speciation, Adaptation, and Domestication

Here we review whether genomic islands of speciation are repeatedly more prone to harbor within-species differentiation due to genomic features, such as suppressed recombination, smaller effective population size, and increased drift, across repeated hierarchically nested levels of divergence. Our discussion focuses on two species of Phaseolus beans with strong genepool and population substructure and multiple independent domestications each. We overview regions of species-associated divergence, as well as divergence recovered in within-species between-genepool comparisons and in within-genepool wild-cultivated comparisons. We discuss whether regions with overall high relative differentiation coincide with sections of low SNP density and with between-species pericentric inversions, since these convergences would suggest that shared variants are being recurrently fixed at replicated comparisons, and in a similar manner across different hierarchically nested levels of divergence, likely as the result of genomic features that make certain regions more prone to accumulate islands of speciation as well as within-species divergence. We conclude that neighboring signatures of speciation, adaptation, and domestication in Phaseolus beans seem to be influenced by ubiquitous genomic constrains, which may continue shaping, fortuitously, genomic differentiation at various other scales of divergence. This pattern also suggests that genomic regions important for adaptation may frequently be sheltered from recombination