Aplicación de la metodología SMED para incrementar la productividad de la línea de recubridoras en la empresa Tepal SAC, año 2017

El presente proyecto de investigación tuvo como propósito demostrar que la aplicación de la metodología SMED incrementa la productividad en la línea de recubridoras en la empresa Tepal S.A.C, La aplicación de la metodología SMED se dio para mejorar las dimensiones tanto de las actividades internas y externas con el fin de medir los cambios de formatos y mejoramiento al momento de realizar la calibración de la máquina recubridora. La población está conformada por 12 semanas antes y después en la medida de mis indicadores aplicados en la máquina recubridora de la empresa Tepal S.A.C, año 2017 y la muestra es de tipo no probabilístico, intencional por el tiempo de desarrollo de la investigación, por lo tanto, será igual que la población. Así mismo, el tipo de tesis es aplicada, por su enfoque cuantitativa y es de diseño cuasi - experimental. Los datos resultaron ser paramétricos, por lo tanto, para la validación de la hipótesis se usó la prueba T-Student dando como resultado que la aplicación de la metodología SMED incrementó la productividad en 32%, la eficiencia en un 20% y la eficacia 23% en promedio de medidas del antes y después de la aplicación. Por lo tanto, concluyo que la aplicación de la metodología SMED en la línea de recubridoras incrementó la productividad de la empresa Tepal S.A.

Estudio para la implementación de un control sobre los inventarios de las empresas dedicadas a la comercialización de repuestos para motos del Cantón Milagro.

Debido a la importancia de disponer un control sobre los inventarios, los cuales son considerados los elementos más vulnerables de estudio dentro de los activos y podrían afectar directamente a la rentabilidad de toda empresa, hemos considerado realizar este trabajo investigativo a ciertas empresas dedicadas a la venta de repuestos para motos del cantón Milagro, ya que este mercado es amplio nos hemos fijado en algunos locales ubicados en un lugar céntrico de la ciudad. Como referente de su aplicación y que servirá de modelo para todas aquellas empresas cuya actividad comercial sea la misma, empleamos métodos científicos para la obtención de información y con los resultados obtenidos con el propósito de brindar las recomendaciones con la información antes analizada mediante el soporte de libros, entrevistas con profesionales en el área de inventarios y con los conocimientos necesarios poder solucionar los problemas encontrados, ya que implantando será de gran utilidad para mejorar radicalmente la organización, el control y la toma de decisiones oportunas. También tiene previsto optimizar recursos existentes en la empresa y poder obtener el máximo beneficio y convertirlos en resultados positivos para el crecimiento de la empresa

Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its Frontostriatal Implications: a short review

Throughout its evolutionary course, stress has remained as an adaptive response to stimuli that may jeopardize the integrity of an organism. Within this perspective, we can classify the stressors as psychological,physical or harmful to cardiovascular stability. However, when intense stressful events occur, there is a possibility of developing PTSD. This disorder makes use of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is commonly activated during stress and is kept activated even when the stressful stimulus has ended months ago. The consequences of this condition are observed at the neuroendocrine, neurochemical and anatomical level. This review aims to give a brief report of the neurobiology of stress, PTSD, and its implications in various structures,such as the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

Comparación de modelos cinéticos isotérmicos durante la adsorción de plomo mediante Azolla caroliniana

Water contaminated by heavy metals is a risk to public health. This is the reason behind widespread research on water treatment oriented to removing metal ions. This research determined the intensity of adsorption of lead (Pb) by the Azolla caroliniana fern and its capacity to remove lead in synthetic waters. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of adsorbed lead. Langmuir isotherm graphs showed that the type of isothermal system was unfavorable for the four reactors used in the study (RL's greater than 1). On the other hand, Freundlich isotherm graphs showed the linear models of the kinetic behavior of lead adsorption by Azolla caroliniana for the four reactors and enabled us to determine that the best R2 and the highest adsorption intensity (n) of Pb (0,122) was achieved with reactor D (30 ppm Pb).Los metales pesados constituyen un riesgo para la salud pública de las poblaciones que consumen agua contaminada por estos elementos químicos. En este sentido, el tratamiento de aguas residuales que incorpore la remoción de iones metálicos es causa de múltiples investigaciones a nivel mundial. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la capacidad de remoción del plomo (Pb) presente en aguas sintéticas y la intensidad de adsorción del helecho Azolla caroliniana por este metal. Se utilizó un espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica para determinar la concentración del plomo adsorbido. A partir del gráfico de isotermas de Langmuir se determinó que, para los 4 reactores utilizados, el tipo de sistema isotérmico era desfavorable para esta isoterma (RL’s mayor a 1). Por su parte, las gráficas de las isotermas de Freundlich para los 4 reactores permitieron establecer los modelos lineales del comportamiento cinético de la adsorción de plomo mediante Azolla caroliniana, obteniendo el mejor R2 y la mayor intensidad de adsorción (n) de Pb (0,122) para el reactor D (30 ppm de Pb)

Costs by ASTM A36 iron corrosion in hydrometalurgic auriferous processes. Comparison between cyanide and thiourea

En esta investigación se determinó la velocidad de corrosión (Vcorr) de hierro ASTM A36, en soluciones de cianuro de sodio en concentraciones de 0,62 g/L; 0,80 g/L y de tiourea 0.96 g/L; 1.24 g/L. Adicionalmente se evaluó el efecto de este deterioro en los costos asociados a procesos de lixiviación aurífera. La velocidad de corrosión se determinó en mm/año mediante curvas de polarización. Se realizó un análisis de costos utilizando indicadores sintéticos. Los resultados muestran que la velocidad de corrosión del metal es ligeramente mayor en la solución de tiourea 1,24 g/L (3,03 mm/año) con el siguiente comportamiento: corrosión de hierro ASTM A36 en Tiourea 1,24g/L > Tiourea 0,96 g/L > Cianuro 0,80 g/L ≈ Cianuro 0,62 g/L. Se pudo estimar que los costos por corrosión en los procesos de lixiviación aurífera se encuentran entre el 4,78 y 5,20% del capital para cianuro y tiourea respectivamente.The objective of this research was to determine corrosion rate (Vcorr) iron ASTM A36, in solutions of sodiumx cyanide and thiourea. Further evaluate the effect of this electrochemical phenomenon in costs associated with gold leaching processes. The corrosion rate was determined in mm / year by polarization curves. Costs were determined by a cost analysis using synthetic indicators. The corrosion rate of iron ASTM A36 in sodium cyanide solutions in concentrations of 0.62 g / L; 0.80 g / L and thiourea solutions 0.96 g / L; 1.24 g / L was evaluated. The results show that the corrosion rate of the metal is slightly higher in the solution of thiourea 1.24 g / L (3.03 mm / year) with the following behavior: Thiourea 1.24g / L> Thiourea 0.96 g / L> Cyanide 0.80 g / L ≈ Cyanide 0.62 g / L. It was estimated that corrosion costs in gold leaching processes are between 4.78 and 5.20% of the capital for cyanide and thiourea respectively

Deposition of Ibuprofen Crystals on Hydroxypropyl Cellulose/Polyacrylamide Gel: Experimental and Mathematic Modeling Releasing

The crystallization of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [2-(4-isobutyl-phenyl) propionic acid] ibuprofen (IBP) on a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) gel was studied as well as the release kinetics of the drug. The IBP was crystallized on the gel surface of HPC/PAAm. It had a prismatic shape and the growth was made in an aqueous medium; the crystallinity grade of the gels HPC/PAAm and HPC/PAAm-IBU increased to 68% and to 58%, respectively. The release of IBP is performed by two means: by a non-Fickian diffusion process and by relaxation of the chains of the gel; without regard to temperature and the diffusion media, this correlates with the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the proposed gel. This polymer matrix provides an option for releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a temperature range of 35–39°C. Korsmeyer and Peppas mathematical model was simulated for data releases, statistically significant at 95% confidence level

Improvement in quality of life with sacubitril/ /valsartan in cardiac resynchronization non-responders: The RESINA (RESynchronization plus an Inhibitor of Neprilysin/Angiotensin) registry

Background: Clinical management of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) non-responders is difficult, and their prognosis is poor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether treatment with sacubitril/valsartan can improve quality of life (QoL) parameters in these patients. Methods: Thirty five non-responders to CRT were included (75 ± 7 years, 28% females, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 28 ± 8%, 54% non-ischemic cardiomyopathy) with maximally optimized drug therapy and New York Heart Association class II–III. They were all on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and were switched to sacubitril/valsartan. One week before and 6 months after initiation of the therapy they completed both the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLWHF) and the 12-item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires (KCCQ-12). The primary outcome was the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the physical, clinical, social and emotional QoL parameters and number of hospitalizations. Results: The mean total scores of both questionnaires improved from baseline to the follow-up visit at 6-months (KCCQ-12 40 ± 10 to 47 ± 10; p < 0.001; MLWHF 40 ± 15 to 29 ± 15; p < 0.001). The best results were seen in the KCCQ-12 total symptom domains (77% improvement), the MLWHF physical domain (81% improvement), and the MLWHF emotional domain (71% improvement). Two patients died during follow-up. The mean number of hospitalizations reduced significantly (1 ± 0.6 vs. 0.5 ± 0.8; p = 0.003) Conclusions: In CRT non-responders, sacubitril/valsartan significantly improved overall QoL, physical limitations and emotional domains and reduced the number of hospitalizations

Respiratory viruses detected in Mexican children younger than 5 years old with community-acquired pneumonia: a national multicenter study

Background: Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Pneumonia accounts for 16% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age and was the cause of death of 935 000 children in 2015. Despite its frequency and severity, information regarding its etiology is limited. The aim of this study was to identify respiratory viruses associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children younger than 5 years old. Methods: One thousand four hundred and four children younger than 5 years of age with a clinical and/or radiological diagnosis of CAP in 11 hospitals in Mexico were included. Nasal washes were collected, placed in viral medium, and frozen at �70 C until processing. The first 832 samples were processed using the multiplex Bio-Plex/Luminex system and the remaining 572 samples using the Anyplex multiplex RT-PCR. Clinical data regarding diagnosis, clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic pattern, and risk factors were obtained and recorded. Results: Of the samples tested, 81.6% were positive for viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus (types A and B) was found in 23.7%, human enterovirus/rhinovirus in 16.6%, metapneumovirus in 5.7%, parainfluenza virus (types 1–4) in 5.5%, influenza virus (types A and B) in 3.6%, adenovirus in 2.2%, coronavirus (NL63, OC43, 229E, and HKU1) in 2.2%, and bocavirus in 0.4%. Co-infection with two or more viruses was present in 22.1%; 18.4% of the samples were negative. Using biomass for cooking, daycare attendance, absence of breastfeeding, and co-infections were found to be statistically significant risk factors for the presence of severe pneumonia. Conclusions: Respiratory syncytial virus (types A and B), human enterovirus/rhinovirus, and metapneumovirus were the respiratory viruses identified most frequently in children younger than 5 years old with CAP. Co-infection was present in an important proportion of the children

Comparison of two modes of vitamin B12 supplementation on neuroconduction and cognitive function among older people living in Santiago, Chile: a cluster randomized controlled trial. a study protocol [ISRCTN 02694183]

BACKGROUND: Older people have a high risk of vitamin B12 deficiency; this can lead to varying degrees of cognitive and neurological impairment. CBL deficiency may present as macrocytic anemia, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, or as neuropathy, but is often asymptomatic in older people. Less is known about subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency and concurrent neuroconduction and cognitive impairment. A Programme of Complementary Feeding for the Older Population (PACAM) in Chile delivers 2 complementary fortified foods that provide approximately 1.4 μg/day of vitamin B12 (2.4 μg/day elderly RDA). The aim of the present study is to assess whether supplementation with vitamin B12 will improve neuroconduction and cognitive function in older people who have biochemical evidence of vitamin B12 insufficiency in the absence of clinical deficiency. METHODS: We designed a cluster double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving community dwelling people aged 70-79 living in Santiago, Chile. We randomized 15 clusters (health centers) involving 300 people (20 per cluster). Each cluster will be randomly assigned to one of three arms: a) a 1 mg vitamin B12 pill taken daily and a routine PACAM food; b) a placebo pill and the milk-PACAM food fortified to provide 1 mg of vitamin B12; c) the routine PACAM food and a placebo pill.The study has been designed as an 18 month follow up period. The primary outcomes assessed at baseline, 4, 9 and 18 months will be: serum levels of vitamin B12, neuroconduction and cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in later life, the present study has potential public health interest because since it will measure the impact of the existing program of complementary feeding as compared to two options that provide higher vitamin B12 intakes that might potentially may contribute in preserving neurophysiologic and cognitive function and thus improve quality of life for older people in Chile. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: ISRCTN02694183

Flora en playas y dunas costeras de México

Background and Aims: The first updated floristic checklist, supported with herbarium specimens, is presented for beaches and coastal sand dunes of Mexico.Methods: The analysis is based on the revision of 14 national and foreign herbaria. A 2 × 2 km grid was placed over a map of the coastal sand dunes of Mexico to reference the herbarium records, corresponding to the 2180 sites and 12,419 examples of plants documented. Indices of diversity, similarity, taxonomic diversity, and redundancy were calculated.Key results: The flora of the beaches and coastal sand dunes of Mexico consists of 153 families, 897 genera, and 2075 species of vascular plants. These represent 9.5% of the vascular flora of Mexico. The herbaria with high indices of redundancy (IR≥0.7) are the herbarium of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IR=0.9), the Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY, IR=0.8), the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (HCIB), the Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (XAL) and the Natural Museum in San Diego (SD), each with an IR of 0.7. Five floristic regions are clearly recognized, which correspond to the seas of Mexico. The North Pacific has the highest taxonomic diversity and the South Pacific has the least. The Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea have very similar taxonomic diversity. The species with the most recorded occurrences are Trianthema portulacastrum (165), Croton punctatus (107), Echites umbellatus (106) and Ipomoea pes-caprae (90). Considering the ecotonal nature of the ecosystem, most dune plants are shared with neighboring vegetation (forests, scrubs, wetlands, such as marshes or mangrove swamps).Conclusions: This first checklist of the flora of beaches and coastal dunes is the baseline for multiple future studies: floristic, biogeographic, and ecological. Moreover, this list will be important if used in environmental assessments and coastal zone plans.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Se presenta el primer listado florístico de las playas y dunas costeras de México, actualizado y respaldado por ejemplares de herbario.Métodos: Se revisaron 14 herbarios nacionales y extranjeros. Se sobrepuso una retícula de 2 × 2 km al mapa de la costa y de las dunas costeras de México para referir todos los registros que corresponden a 2180 sitios con 12,419 ejemplares de plantas. Se calcularon índices de diversidad, similitud, diversidad taxonómica y redundancia.Resultados clave: La flora registrada consta de 153 familias, 897 géneros y 2075 especies de plantas vasculares, las cuales representan 9.5% de la flora vascular de México. Las cinco colecciones con índices de redundancia altos IR≥0.7 son los herbarios de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MEXU, IR=0.9), del Centro de Investigación Científicas de Yucatán (CICY, IR=0.8), y los del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (HCIB), el Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (XAL) y el del Museo de Historia Natural de San Diego (SD), cada uno con un IR de 0.7. Se reconocen cinco regiones florísticas que corresponden a los mares de México. El Pacífico Norte tiene mayor diversidad taxonómica y el Pacífico Sur menor diversidad taxonómica. El Golfo de California, Golfo de México y Mar Caribe tienen diversidades taxonómicas similares. Las especies con más registros son Trianthema portulacastrum (165), Croton punctatus (107), Echites umbelllatus (106) e Ipomoea pes-caprae (90). Por el carácter de ecotono de las dunas costeras, la mayoría de las especies se comparten con los tipos de vegetación vecinos (selvas, matorrales, y humedales como las marismas y manglares).Conclusiones: Esta primera lista de la flora en playas y dunas de México es la base para múltiples estudios florísticos regionales y locales, biogeográficos, y ecológicos; además, que será importante para su uso en temas de impacto ambiental y manejo costero