Conservar el agua es conservar tu vida

This article was written to raise awareness among people about the use of water in the home throughout the daily tasks, proposing consumption alternatives, and tips. The first part deals with the problem of the number of resources available and the importance of water for human beings. The second part presents some of the instruments that are being developed at the national and international level to save water. It also indicates some savings figures related to these tools and feasibility analysis for their implementation in Colombian households.Este artículo se realizó con el fin de crear conciencia en las personas respecto al uso que se le da al agua en el hogar a lo largo de las labores cotidianas, proponiendo alternativas de consumo, y consejos. En la primera parte se trata la problemática respecto a la cantidad de recurso disponible, y la importancia que tiene el agua para el ser humano. En la segunda parte se expone algunos de los instrumentos que se están desarrollando a nivel nacional e internacional para el ahorro de agua. También se indican algunas cifras de ahorro relacionadas con estas herramientas, y análisis de viabilidad para su implementación en los hogares colombianos

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Conservar el agua es conservar tu vida

This article was written to raise awareness among people about the use of water in the home throughout the daily tasks, proposing consumption alternatives, and tips. The first part deals with the problem of the number of resources available and the importance of water for human beings. The second part presents some of the instruments that are being developed at the national and international level to save water. It also indicates some savings figures related to these tools and feasibility analysis for their implementation in Colombian households.Este artículo se realizó con el fin de crear conciencia en las personas respecto al uso que se le da al agua en el hogar a lo largo de las labores cotidianas, proponiendo alternativas de consumo, y consejos. En la primera parte se trata la problemática respecto a la cantidad de recurso disponible, y la importancia que tiene el agua para el ser humano. En la segunda parte se expone algunos de los instrumentos que se están desarrollando a nivel nacional e internacional para el ahorro de agua. También se indican algunas cifras de ahorro relacionadas con estas herramientas, y análisis de viabilidad para su implementación en los hogares colombianos

Reproducibility of fluorescent expression from engineered biological constructs in E. coli

We present results of the first large-scale interlaboratory study carried out in synthetic biology, as part of the 2014 and 2015 International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competitions. Participants at 88 institutions around the world measured fluorescence from three engineered constitutive constructs in E. coli. Few participants were able to measure absolute fluorescence, so data was analyzed in terms of ratios. Precision was strongly related to fluorescent strength, ranging from 1.54-fold standard deviation for the ratio between strong promoters to 5.75-fold for the ratio between the strongest and weakest promoter, and while host strain did not affect expression ratios, choice of instrument did. This result shows that high quantitative precision and reproducibility of results is possible, while at the same time indicating areas needing improved laboratory practices.Peer reviewe