Analysis of sustainability presence in Spanish higher education

Purpose: This paper analyzes the presence of sustainability in sixteen Spanish Higher Education curricula in the fields of Education and Engineering. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology employs two instruments: the Sustainability Map and the Sustainability Presence Map. These instruments enable the following: to analyze the number of subjects that develop sustainability and the sustainability presence level in each curriculum; to identify at what domain levels of the learning taxonomy sustainability is most developed; and to analyze whether a correlation exists between the sustainability presence and the number of subjects that develop sustainability in each curriculum. Findings: A wide variety of subjects develop sustainability in a given degree, depending on the university. The presence of sustainability is more homogeneous in education degrees than in engineering degrees. Education degrees have a greater presence of sustainability in the lower domain levels of the taxonomy, while in engineering degrees the lower levels of the taxonomy have a lower presence of sustainability than the higher levels. Finally, a correlation appears to exist between the number of subjects that develop sustainability in the curriculum and the sustainability presence. However, engineering degrees seem to need fewer subjects than education degrees to achieve the same degree of sustainability presence. Originality/Value: This paper proposes a methodology to measure sustainability presence that can be applicable to the curricula of a Higher Education degree if the corresponding Sustainability Map is available. To our knowledge, this is the largest study yet conducted to analyze the presence of sustainability in different Higher Education curricula.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Design for Additive Manufacturing: Tool Review and a Case Study

This paper aims to collect in a structured manner different computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools especially developed for additive manufacturing (AM) that maximize the capabilities of this technology regarding product development. The flexibility of the AM process allows the manufacture of highly complex shapes that are not possible to produce by any other existing technology. This fact enables the use of some existing design tools like topology optimization that has already existed for decades and is used in limited cases, together with other novel developments like lattice design tools. These two technologies or design approaches demand a highly flexible manufacturing system to be applied and could not be used before, due to the conventional industrial process limitations. In this paper, these technologies will be described and combined together with other generic or specific design tools, introducing the study case of an additive manufactured mechanical design of a bicycle stem

Niche shifts after long-distance dispersal events in bipolar sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae)

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Bipolar species represent the greatest biogeographical disjunction on Earth, raising many questions about the colonization and adaptive processes behind such striking distribution. We investigated climatic niche differences of five Carex bipolar species in North and South America to assess niche shifts between these two regions. Moreover, we assessed potential distribution changes with future climate change. METHODS: We used 1202 presence data points from herbarium specimens and 19 bioclimatic variables to assess climatic niche differences and potential distributions among the five species using ordination methods and Maxent. KEY RESULTS: The niche overlap analyses showed low levels of niche filling and high climatic niche expansion between North and South America. Carex macloviana and C. maritima showed the greatest niche expansion (60% and 96%, respectively), followed by C. magellanica (45%) and C. microglochin (39%). Only C. canescens did not colonize new environments (niche expansion = 0.2%). In contrast, all species but C. magellanica had niche filling that was <40%; hence, they are absent in the south from many environments they inhabit in North America. Climate change will push all species toward higher latitudes and elevation, reducing the availability of suitable environments. CONCLUSIONS: The colonization of South America seems to have involved frequent climatic niche shifts. Most species have colonized new environments from those occupied in the North. Observed niche shifts appear congruent with time since colonization and with current genetic structure within species. In these cold-dwelling species, climate change will most likely decrease their suitable environments in the future.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2012-3874, CGL2016-77401-

Leadership groups on Social Network Sites based on Personalized PageRank

n this paper we present a new framework to identify leaders in a Social Network Site using the Personalized PageRank vector. The methodology is based on the concept of Leadership group recently introduced by one of the authors. We show how to analyze the structure of the Leadership group as a function of a single parameter. Zachary¿s network and a Facebook university network are used to illustrate the applicability of the model.We thank an unknown referee who made some suggestive comments that improved the readability of the paper. This work is supported by Spanish DGI grant MTM2010-18674.Pedroche Sánchez, F.; Moreno, F.; González, A.; Valencia, A. (2013). Leadership groups on Social Network Sites based on Personalized PageRank. Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 57(7-8):1891-1896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2011.12.026S18911896577-

La reforma de salud

El ritmo que siguieron los países de América del Sur en el desarrollo de la salud durante el siglo XX se desvaneció en el Perú a fines de los años sesenta y, desde el nivel medio que ocupaba, pasó a los últimos lugares en la primera década del siglo XXI. Si bien algunos indicadores como la esperanza de vida continúan mejorando –igual que en la mayoría denaciones en razón del desarrollo mundial– el país muestra ahora un gran retraso en salud

Estudio de la interacción fluido-estructura en una placa plana en condiciones de acoplamiento unidireccional

[EN] In the present study an analysis about Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) is carried out.The geometry is a rectangular flat plate which is attached by one of its sides to a squarecross section bar. This bar is in charge of generating turbulence in the fluid. It is proposedas hypothesis that the coupling is just monodirectional, which is called asOne Way. Thisimplies the fluid-dynamics and structural calculations to be done separately. StarCCMand Ansys Workbench respectively are used for those calculations.The followed methodology begins by solving the fluid field. To do that it is indispensableto have done previously a domain and mesh independence study for the CFD calculation.Among others, the main result from the fluid field is the temporal evolution of the pressurefield over the plate.After that, in order to have the data in the frequency field, the Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) is applied to that pressure field evolution obtained previously and then it is importedin the finite element software to compute the harmonic response of the flat plate. It is worthmentioning that before this structural calculation a mesh independence study must havebeen done here too.Finally, comparing the harmonic response with the results from a modal calculation of theplate, which provides its natural frequencies, it is possible to discuss the validity of theOne Wayhypothesis proposed previously.After the development of the present project some additional conclusions have beendrawn, such as, the main parameters that govern the problem and their quantitativeinfluence on it, the importance of working with dimensionless numbers which allow togeneralize the solution or last but not least the functioning of the so-calledVortex Sheddingphenomenon and its crucial importance on the structural design of the component.[CA] Al present estudi es du a terme un anàlisi d’Interacció Fluid-Estructura (FSI) sobreuna placa plana rectangular que està adherida per un dels seus costats a una barra de secció quadrada encarregada de generar turbulència. S’assumeix com a hipòtesi que l’acoblament és mono direcció, també conegut com a One Way, fet que implica que es realitzen el càlcul fluid-dinàmic i l’estructural separadament. S’empren Star CCM+ i Ansys Workbench respectivament com a software de càlcul. La metodologia seguida començaa resolent el camp fluid de la geometria ja mencionada, per al que és indispensable haver assolit prèviament la independència de domini i la independència de malla al càlcul CFD. Entre d’altres, el resultat fonamental a obtenir del camp fluid ́és l’evolució temporal del camp de pressions sobre la placa. A continuació s’aplica la transformada ràpida de Fourier (FFT) per a disposar dels anomenats camps de pressions en el domini de la freqüència i, després d’això, són importats al software d’element finits per a trobar la resposta harmònica de la placa. S’ha de destacarque previ a açò també s’ha hagut d’assolir la independència de malla en aquest càlcul estructural. Finalment, disposant dels resultats harmònics al camp de la freqüència i comparant ambun estudi modal de la placa, que permet determinar les freqüències naturals de la mateixa, és possible discutir la validesa de la hipòtesi assumida d’acoblamentOne Way. Després del desenvolupament del projecte s’ha arribat a conclusions addicionals, com quins són els paràmetres fonamentals que governen el problema i la seua influència quantitativa al mateix, la importància del treball amb nombres adimensionals que permetgeneralitzar la solució o el funcionament del fenomen anomenatVortexShedding i la seuaimportància a l’hora del disseny estructural del component.[ES] En el presente estudio se lleva a cabo un análisis de Interacción Fluido-Estructura(FSI) sobre una placa plana rectangular que está adherida por uno de sus lados a unabarra de sección cuadrada encargada de generar turbulencia. Se asume como hipótesis queel acoplamiento es monodirección, también llamadoOne Way, lo que implica que se realiza el cálculo fluido-dinámico y el estructural separadamente. Se emplean StarCCM+ y AnsysWorkbench respectivamente como software de cálculo.La metodología seguida comienza por resolver el campo fluido de la geometría ya mencionada, para lo que es indispensable haber alcanzado previamente la independencia de dominio e independencia de malla en el cálculo CFD. Entre otros, el resultado fundamenta la obtener del campo fluido es la evolución temporal del campo de presiones sobre la placa.A continuación se aplica la transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT) para disponer de dichoscampos de presiones en el dominio de la frecuencia y, tras esto, son importados al softwarede elementos finitos para hallar la respuesta armónica de la placa. Cabe decir que previo a esto también ha debido ser alcanzada la independencia de malla en este cálculo estructural. Finalmente, disponiendo de los resultados armónicos en el campo de la frecuencia y compa-rando con un estudio modal de la placa, que permite determinar las frecuencias naturales de la misma, es posible discutir la validez de la hipótesis asumida de acoplamiento OneWay. Tras el desarrollo del proyecto se ha llegado a conclusiones adicionales, como cuales sonlos parámetros fundamentales que gobiernan el problema y su influencia cuantitativa en el mismo, la importancia del trabajo con número adimensionales que permite generalizar la solución o el funcionamiento del fenómeno llamadoVortex Sheddingy su importancia a la hora del diseño estructural del componente.Sánchez Moreno, F. (2019). Estudio de la interacción fluido-estructura en una placa plana en condiciones de acoplamiento unidireccional. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/122805TFG

Video-based assistance system for training in minimally invasive surgery

In this paper, the development of an assisting system for laparoscopic surgical training is presented. With this system, we expect to facilitate the training process at the first stages of training in laparoscopic surgery and to contribute to an objective evaluation of surgical skills. To achieve this, we propose the insertion of multimedia contents and outlines of work adapted to the level of experience of trainees and the detection of the movements of the laparoscopic instrument into the monitored image. A module to track the instrument is implemented focusing on the tip of the laparoscopic tool. This tracking method does not need the presence of artificial marks or special colours to distinguish the instruments. Similarly, the system has another method based on visual tracking to localize support multimedia content in a stable position of the field of vision. Therefore, this position of the support content is adapted to the movements of the camera or the working area. Experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed system for assisting in laparoscopic surgical training

Transport and Combustion of Firebrands. Final Report of Grants FG-SP-114 and FG-SP-146 Vol. II

A theoretical and experimental study has been carried out on the combustion properties and flight paths of firebrands when they are carried upwards by convective currents and then forwards by the winds. The study has shown that the flight paths of firebrands can be fall decreases continuously as the firebrand burns. Several types of wind tunnels have been developed especially designed to study combustion of firebrands at their final velocity of fall. The study has also show that combustion of firebrands at constant wind speed. The influence of the initial size and initial shape of the firebrands, kind of wood and initial moisture content has been studied, as well as the influence of several types convection columns configurations. Results of these studies enable the calculation of the maximum range of possible fire spread by firebrands of given initial characteristics, once the convective currents above the fire are known as vell as the horizontal wind conditions

Cladobotryum mycophilum as Potential Biocontrol Agent

A study was conducted to explore the efficacy of potential biocontrol agent Cladobotryum mycophilum against different phytopathogenic fungi. The growth rates of 24 isolates of C. mycophilum were determined, and their antagonistic activity was analysed in vitro and in vivo against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum and Mycosphaerella melonis. Most isolates grow rapidly, reaching the opposite end of the Petri dish within 72–96 h. Under dual-culture assays, C. mycophilum showed antagonistic activity in vitro against all phytopathogenic fungi tested, with mycelial growth inhibition ranging from 30 to 90% against all the different phytopathogens tested. Similarly, of all the selected isolates, CL60A, CL17A and CL18A significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease incidence and severity in the plant assays compared to the controls for the different pathosystems studied. Based on these results, we conclude that C. mycophilum can be considered as a potential biological control agent in agriculture. This is the first study of Cladobotryum mycophilum as a biological control agent for different diseases caused by highly relevant phytopathogens in horticultur