Occupational matching: the case of job seekers inscribed at Public Employment Offices

Using administrative records from Public Employment Offices, this paper studies the main factors determining occupational matching between labour supply and demand. This is measured by matching the demanded occupation by job seekers and the occupation they finally secure. The results show that occupational matching is greater among women, young workers and least-educated people. Higher rates of occupational matching are also found in medium-sized companies and among temporary workers. The results also show that certain occupations are strongly associated with a high degree of professional versatility, or instead that their corresponding tasks may be adequately performed by professionals from distinct background

Employment and Unemployment Transitions in Spain from 1996 to 2005

In this paper, we have studied the employment and nonemployment transitions in Spain from 1996 to 2005. To do so, we have used a multi-state multiepisode duration model and a censored continuous-time Markovian matrix. By using the censored Markovian matrix, we have been able to balance the negative effect that censore has on the estimated parameters. The results obtained suggest that women have a probability of employment six percent lower than men. In addition, we have been able to show that Spanish employees experience three different stages of employment during their first decade in the labor market.Employment and Nonemployment Transitions; Multi-state Multi-episode Duration Model; Hazard Rate; Censored Continuous-time Markovian Matrix

Aproximación teórica a la integración de los inmigrantes en tres niveles: Comprensión, adaptación e inclusión

This article, as an essay, aims to develop a proposal for understanding the integration of immigrants at three levels: through the emergence of a complex comprehensive scheme of individuals; adaptation to artifacts and processes; and inclusion in the basic functional systems of society. The essay seeks to propose a new thesis on integration, from a sociological perspective, through analysis and conceptual articulation from various authors (P. Bourdieu, A. Giddens, A. Schütz, M. Walzer, Ch. Taylor, among others). The conclusions respond to the need for mutual understanding in the processes of understanding, generating citizen scenarios that favor this process, recognizing the contribution of the migratory phenomenon, in terms of intercultural integration, tolerance and recognition of culture in egalitarian and fair actions. Integration implies a teaching and learning process about situations that occur in a pragmatic way in everyday life, where experts have a fundamental role. The inclusion of immigrants in society will facilitate their integration, which will depend both on the functioning of the systems, as well as on the demands of the immigrants themselves.Este artículo, a modo de ensayo, tiene como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta de comprensión de la integración de los inmigrantes en tres niveles: a través del surgimiento de un complejo esquema comprensivo de los individuos; adaptación a los artefactos y procesos; y la inclusión en los sistemas funcionales básicos de la sociedad. El ensayo busca plantear una tesis nueva sobre la integración, desde una perspectiva sociológica, por medio de análisis y articulación conceptual desde diversos autores (P. Bourdieu, A. Giddens, A. Schütz, M. Walzer, Ch. Taylor, entre otros). Las conclusiones responden a la necesidad del entendimiento mutuo en los procesos de comprensión, generando escenarios ciudadanos que favorezcan este proceso, reconociendo el aporte del fenómeno migratorio, en clave de integración intercultural, tolerancia y reconocimiento de la cultura en acciones igualitarias y justas. La integración implica un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje sobre situaciones que se presentan de forma pragmática en la vida cotidiana, en donde los expertos tienen un rol fundamental. La inclusión de los inmigrantes en la sociedad facilitará su integración, lo que dependerá tanto del funcionamiento de  los sistemas, así como por las demandas de los propios inmigrantes.

Imaginaries about the national belonging of immigrants

[Resumen] Este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar de manera teórica una serie de aspectos esenciales que pueden configurar imaginarios en torno a la pertenencia nacional de los inmigrantes. Se toman como base distintos autores fundamentalmente desde la sociología y la filosofía política. El trabajo es tipo ensayo y en primer lugar se analiza cómo se produce una confrontación de los inmigrantes con determinados aspectos de la identidad nacional del contexto de recepción, tales como: las pautas culturales, el orden social y el espacio; en la búsqueda de construcción de pertenencia. En segundo lugar el transnacionalismo del inmigrante como condición sospechosa, dada la posibilidad de re-emigración. Un tercer elemento es el soporte tecnológico en el transnacionalismo, el cual se presenta como un factor que aliviana el proceso migratorio y construye nuevos tipos de interacciones entre origen y destino. Finalmente la condición de ciudadanía, la cual transita en una separación entre una concepción cultural y otra desde el enfoque del derecho[Abstract] This article has as aim approach in a theoretical way a number of essential aspects that can configure imaginary about of national belonging of the immigrants. They take asa basis different authors fundamentally from the sociology and the political philosophy. The work is essay type and in the first place it is analyzed how a confrontation of the immigrants with certain aspects of the national identity of the context of reception, such as: the cultural guidelines, the social order and the space; in the pursuit of belonging building. In the second place the transnationalism of the immigrant as a suspicious condition, given the possibility of re-emigration. A third element is the technological support in transnationalism, which is presented as a factor that alleviates the migration process and builds new types of interactions between origin and destination. Finally the condition of citizenship, which transits in a separation between a cultural conception and another from the approach of the right

El imaginario social en torno a la integración de los inmigrantes en España

En este trabajo primero se trata una perspectiva teórica acerca de los imaginarios sociales, luego se aborda el tema de la inmigración y el proceso de integración, el cual se articulará en tres niveles, en donde opera el imaginario, este proceso es en parte responsable de la generación de lo que he denominado "tribalismo inmigrante", el cual está caracterizado por un alto contenido emocional.This paper first provides a theoretical perspective on the social imaginary, then addresses the issue of immigration and integration process, which is articulated in three levels, where the imaginary operate, this process would be in part responsible for the generation of what I call "tribalism immigrant," which would be characterized by a high emotional content