Self-Mutilation and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Borderline Personality Disorder

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between self-mutilation and symptoms of depression and anxiety in a nonclinical population. Selfmutilators reported significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than did the control group. When the group of self-mutilators was divided into individuals who cut themselves and individuals who harm themselves in other ways, we found that the between-group differences were primarily due to individuals with a history of cutting. Yet when symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) were statistically controlled, all significant between-group differences in depressive and anxious symptoms were reduced to nonsignificant. These findings highlight the importance of assessing symptoms of BPD in self-mutilators, regardless of diagnosis

Alliance across group treatment for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: The role of interpersonal trauma and treatment type

The authors examined initial levels and pattern of change of alliance in group treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for veterans. One hundred and 78 male veterans with PTSD were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) or to group present-centered therapy (GPCT). Alliance with fellow group members was assessed every other session throughout the group (total of seven assessments). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine whether treatment condition or index trauma type (interpersonal or noninterpersonal) impacted initial levels of alliance or change in alliance over time. Alliance increased significantly throughout treatment in both conditions. The presence of an interpersonal index event, compared to a noninterpersonal index event, did not significantly impact either initial levels of alliance or change in alliance over time. Participants in the GCBT condition experienced significantly greater growth in alliance over time compared to those in the GPCT condition (p ± .05) but did not have significantly different initial alliance ratings. The components and focus of the GCBT treatment may have facilitated more rapid bonding among members. Interpersonal traumatic experience did not negatively impact group alliance