Three new species of Nigrograna (Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales) associated with Arabica coffee from Yunnan Province, China

Coffee is one of the most important cash crops in Yunnan Province, China. Yunnan is ranked as the biggest producer of high-quality coffee in China. During surveys of microfungi from coffee plantations in Yunnan, six fungal strains that resemble Nigrogranaceae were collected. Multi-gene analyses of a combined SSU-LSU-ITS-rpb2-tef1-α sequence data matrix were used to infer the phylogenetic position of the new species in Nigrograna while morphological characteristics were used to deduce the taxonomic position of the new species. Six fungal strains isolated from decaying branches of Coffea arabica represent three new saprobic species in Nigrograna. The three new species, N. asexualis, N. coffeae, and N. puerensis, are described with full (macro and micro characteristics) descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree that shows the phylogenetic position of new taxa

Endophytic Colletotrichum species from Dendrobium spp. in China and Northern Thailand

Species of Colletotrichum are commonly found in many plant hosts as pathogens, endophytes and occasionally saprobes. Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from three Dendrobium species – D. cariniferum, D. catenatum and D. harveyanum, as well as three unidentified species. The taxa were identified using morphological characterisation and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, GAPDH, ACT and ß–tubulin sequence data. This is the first time to identify endophytic fungi from Dendrobium orchids using the above method. The known species, Colletotrichum boninense, C. camelliae-japonicae, C. fructicola, C. jiangxiense and C. orchidophilum were identified as fungal endophytes of Dendrobium spp., along with the new species, C. cariniferi, C. chiangraiense, C. doitungense, C. parallelophorum and C. watphraense, which are introduced in this paper. One strain is recorded as an unidentified species. Corn meal agar is recommended as a good sporulation medium for Colletotrichum species. This is the first report of fungal endophytes associated with Dendrobium cariniferum and D. harveyanum. Colletotrichum camelliae-japonicae, C. jiangxiense, and C. orchidophilum are new host records for Thailand

WWER-1000 Nuclear reactor simulator for education. Part A': Overview of simulator physico-mathematical model components

A review of phylogenetic studies carried out together with morphological ones shows that a major problem with most early studies is that they concentrated on techniques and used material or strains of fungi that in most cases were not carefully reference, and in a worrying number of cases wrongly named. Most classical species, particularly of microfungi, are not represented by adequate type material, or other authoritatively identified cultures or specimens, that can serve as DNA sources for phylogenetic study, or for developing robust identification systems. Natural classifications of fungi therefore suffer from the lack of reference strains in resultant phylogenetic trees. In some cases, epitypification and neotypification can solve this problem and these tools are increasingly used to resolve taxonomic confusion and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families, or orders of fungi. This manuscript discusses epitypification and neotypification, describes how to epitypify or neotypify species and examines the importance of this process. A set of guidelines for epitypification is presented. Examples where taxa have been epitypified are presented and the benefits and problems of epitypification are discussed. As examples of epitypification, or to provide reference specimens, a new epitype is designated for Paraphaeosphaeria michotii and reference specimens are provided for Astrosphaeriella stellata, A. bakeriana, Phaeosphaeria elongata, Ophiobolus cirsii, and O. erythrosporus. In this way we demonstrate how to epitypify taxa and its importance, and also illustrate the value of proposing reference specimens if epitypification is not advisable. Although we provided guidelines for epitypification, the decision to epitypify or not lies with the author, who should have experience of the fungus concerned. This responsibility is to be taken seriously, as once a later typification is made, it may not be possible to undo that, particularly in the case of epitypes, without using the lengthy and tedious formal conservation and rejection processes

Fungal biodiversity profiles 21–30

The authors describe ten new taxa for science using mostly both morphological and molecular data. In Basidiomycota, descriptions are provided for Botryobasidium fusisporum sp. nov., B. triangulosporum sp. nov., Cantharellus hydnoides sp. nov. and Hydnum aerostatisporum sp. nov. in Cantharellales; Lactarius rahjamalensis sp. nov. and Russula pseudoaurantiophylla sp. nov. in Russulales and for Mycena paraguayensis comb. nov. in Agaricales. In Ascomycota and hyphomycetes, descriptions are provided for Colletotrichurn eryngiicola sp. nov. (Glomerellales), Corynesporella indica sp. nov. (incertae sedis) and Repetophragma zygopetali sp. nov. (Microthyriales)

Ευρετικές προσεγγίσεις του μοναδιάστατου προβλήματος πακετοποίησης

Article 59.1, of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN; Melbourne Code), which addresses the nomenclature of pleomorphic fungi, became effective from 30 July 2011. Since that date, each fungal species can have one nomenclaturally correct name in a particular classification. All other previously used names for this species will be considered as synonyms. The older generic epithet takes priority over the younger name. Any widely used younger names proposed for use, must comply with Art. 57.2 and their usage should be approved by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). In this paper, we list all genera currently accepted by us in Dothideomycetes (belonging to 23 orders and 110 families), including pleomorphic and non-pleomorphic genera. In the case of pleomorphic genera, we follow the rulings of the current ICN and propose single generic names for future usage. The taxonomic placements of 1261 genera are listed as an outline. Protected names and suppressed names for 34 pleomorphic genera are listed separately. Notes and justifications are provided for possible proposed names after the list of genera. Notes are also provided on recent advances in our understanding of asexual and sexual morph linkages in Dothideomycetes. A phylogenetic tree based on four gene analyses supported 23 orders and 75 families, while 35 families still lack molecular data

FungalTraits:A user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies. Over the past decades, rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats. Yet, in spite of the progress of molecular methods, knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging. In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels. Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and Fun(Fun) together with involvement of expert knowledge, we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera, respectively. This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera, designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental studies. In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses, the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences. On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1% dissimilarity threshold

Révision du complexe <i>Microsphaeropsis</i> avec l’ajout de quatre nouvelles espèces de <i>Paramicrosphaeropsis</i> L.W.Hou, L.Cai & Crous provenant d’arbres de la forêt zagrosienne en Iran

Paramicrosphaeropsis L.W.Hou, L.Cai &amp; Crous est un taxon monophylétique de la famille des Didymellaceae et comprend, à ce jour, deux espèces. Lors d’une étude sur les champignons de type Microsphaeropsis associés aux arbres de la forêt zagrosienne en Iran, quatre nouvelles espèces de Paramicrosphaeropsis ont été identifiées et décrites, dont P. amygdalus M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., sp. nov. d’Amygdalus scoparia Spach., P. pistacicola M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., sp. nov. de Pistacia spp., P. salandica M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., sp. nov. de Crataegus sp., Nerium oleander L., Quercus brantii Lindl. et Ziziphus sp., et P. zagrosensis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., sp. nov. de Crataegus sp. et Quercus brantii. Des analyses phylogénétiques basées sur une combinaison de quatre régions génomiques, incluant l’ADN ribosomal 28S nucléaire partiel (LSU), les régions intercalaires transcrites internes 1 et 2 comprenant l’ADN ribosomal nucléaire 5.8S intermédiaire (ITS), la β-tubuline partielle (tub2) et la deuxième plus grande sous-unité de l’ARN polymérase II (rpb2), sont fournies pour clarifier les affinités entre nouvelles espèces et autres taxons du complexe Microsphaeropsis. En outre, un nouveau genre Heteromicrosphaeropsis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., gen. nov. et cinq nouvelles combinaisons sont introduits. Les nouvelles combinaisons sont Heteromicrosphaeropsis ononidicola (Thambug., Camporesi &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov., Microsphaeropsis cytisi (W.J.Li &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov., M. cytisicola (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.Jones &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov., M. cytisinus (Tennakoon, Camporesi &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov. et M. minima (W.J.Li &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov.Paramicrosphaeropsis L.W.Hou, L.Cai &amp; Crous is a monophyletic taxon in Didymellaceae and includes two species to date. In a survey on microsphaeropsis-like fungi associated with Zagrosian forest trees in Iran, four new Paramicrosphaeropsis species were identified and described including P. amygdalus M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., sp. nov. from Amygdalus scoparia Spach., P. pistacicola M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., sp. nov. from Pistacia spp., P. salandica M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., sp. nov. from Crataegus sp., Nerium oleander L., Quercus brantii Lindl. and Ziziphus sp., and P. zagrosensis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., sp. nov. from Crataegus sp. and Quercus brantii. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combination of four genomic regions, including the partial nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA (LSU), internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 including the intervening 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), partial β-tubulin (tub2) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), are provided to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of the new species and other taxa within the Microsphaeropsis complex. In addition, a new genus Heteromicrosphaeropsis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., gen. nov. and five new combinations are introduced. The new combinations are Heteromicrosphaeropsis ononidicola (Thambug., Camporesi &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov., Microsphaeropsis cytisi (W.J.Li &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov., M. cytisicola (Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G.Jones &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov., M. cytisinus (Tennakoon, Camporesi &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov. and M. minima (W.J.Li &amp; K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde &amp; Jayaward., comb. nov.</p

First Report of <i>Colletotrichum fructicola</i> Causing Fruit Rot and Leaf-Tip Dieback on Pineapple in Northern Thailand

Pineapple is one of the most economically important fruits in tropical countries, particularly in Thailand. Canned pineapple is currently Thailand’s main exported commodity to many countries, including the United States, Russia, Germany, Poland, and Japan. Fungal diseases are considered a permanent threat to fruits in the pre- and post-harvest stages, leading to considerable economic losses. Fungal disease is one of the primary causes of massive yield losses in pineapples around the world. Colletotrichum species are the most common fungal pathogens affecting different tropical fruits. Although there are many reports regarding Colletotrichum species associated with pineapple, they do not have molecular data to confirm species identification. However, the occurrence of Colletotrichum species on pineapple has not been reported in Thailand so far. In this study, we isolated and identified Colletotrichum fructicola on pineapple in northern Thailand and have proven its pathogenicity to the host. This is the first report of the occurrence of Colletotrichum in pineapple, based on morpho-molecular approaches

Hypomyces pseudolactifluorum sp. nov. (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) on Russula sp. from Yunnan, PR China

Hypomyces is a large genus of fungicolous fungi, parasitising the fruiting bodies of Agaricales, Boletales, Helotiales, Pezizales and Polyporales. Hypomyces currently comprises of 147 species widely distributed in Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, North America, Sri Lanka, Thailand and UK. Amongst them, 28 species have been recorded in China.Hypomyces pseudolactifluorum sp. nov., growing on the fruiting bodies of Russula sp. in subsect. Lactarioideae and collected from Yunnan, China, is described with illustrations and molecular phylogenetic data (combined ITS, LSU, TEF1-α and RPB2 sequence dataset). The new species is characterised by semi-immersed to immersed perithecia and fusiform, apiculate and verrucose ascospores. We also review the species diversity of the genus Hypomyces in China

Pleocatenata chiangraiensis gen. et. sp. nov. (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from medicinal plants in northern Thailand

Pleocatenata, a new genus, is introduced with its type species, Pleocatenata chiangraiensis, which was isolated from withered twigs of two medicinal plants, Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr (Verbenaceae) and Tarenna stellulata (Hook.f.) Ridl (Rubiaceae) in northern Thailand. The genus is characterized by mononematous, septate, brown or dark brown conidiophores, monotretic conidiogenous cells and catenate, obclavate, olivaceous to blackish brown conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, SSU, tef1-α, rpb2 and ITS sequence data showed Pleocatenata forms a distinct phylogenetic lineage in Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Therefore, we treat Pleocatenata as Pleosporales genera incertae sedis based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa are provided, and it is compared with morphologically similar genera