778 research outputs found
Epidemiologic Study of Dental Caries Experience and Between-Meal Eating Patterns
The relationship between dental caries and between-meal snacks was investigated in a study of 1,486 high school students. The participants completed a questionnaire on between-meal habits and then were given dental examinations. The lack of differences in dental caries between racial and geographic groups was not related to the frequency of sucrose-containing, between-meal snacks.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66591/2/10.1177_00220345730520022501.pd
Football in the community schemes: Exploring the effectiveness of an intervention in promoting healthful behaviour change
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a Premier League football club’s Football in the Community (FitC) schemes intervention in promoting positive healthful behaviour change in children. Specifically, exploring the effectiveness of this intervention from the perspectives of the participants involved (i.e. the researcher, teachers, children and coaches). A range of data collection techniques were utilized including the principles of ethnography (i.e. immersion, engagement and observations), alongside conducting focus groups with the children. The results allude to the intervention merely ‘keeping active children active’ via (mostly) fun, football sessions. Results highlight the important contribution the ‘coach’ plays in the effectiveness of the intervention. Results relating to working practice (i.e. coaching practice and coach recruitment) are discussed and highlighted as areas to be addressed. FitC schemes appear to require a process of positive organizational change to increase their effectiveness in strategically attending to the health agenda
Influence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection on Artificial Insemination Conception and Breeding Season Pregnancy Success in Vaccinated Beef Herds
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) causes reproductive economic losses in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of BVDV infection on reproductive success. Vaccinated cows (n = 370) and heifers (n = 528) from nine different herds were synchronized using the 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol and were bred using fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). On d 28 following insemination, blood samples were collected and pregnancy status was determined. Non-pregnant animals were resynchronized and FTAI occurred a second time. In six herds, bulls were comingled with females beginning 10-15 d after the second AI. Final pregnancy status was determined 33-80 d following the first pregnancy diagnosis. Blood samples were tested for the presence of BVDV antigen using the IDEXX BVDV PI X2 Kit. Animals that tested positive were considered infected with BVDV at the time of blood collection. Herds were determined to be BVDV infected by the presence of at least one animal having a positive test for antigen (n = 4 infected herds, n = 5 non-infected herds). Statistical analyses were performed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with herd as a random variable. Herds that had evidence of BVDV infection at d 28 following insemination had significantly decreased (P \u3c 0.01) first service AI conception rates compared to herds that had no evidence of infection (34 ± 2.3% vs. 54 ± 2.3%, respectively). Additionally, breeding season pregnancy rates were decreased (P \u3c 0.01) in BVDV infected herds compared to non-infected herds (69 ± 3.4% vs. 80 ± 3.6%, respectively). There was no significant effect of BVDV infection status on embryonic loss (P = 0.42) or percentage of animals which lost a pregnancy and rebred by the end of the breeding season (P = 0.63). In conclusion, BVDV infection in well vaccinated herds had a significant negative impact on both first service AI conception rate and overall breeding season pregnancy success
Impact of CIR Storms on Thermosphere Density Variability during the Solar Minimum of 2008
The solar minimum of 2008 was exceptionally quiet, with sunspot numbers at
their lowest in 75 years. During this unique solar minimum epoch, however,
solar wind high - speed streams emanating from near-equatorial coronal holes
occurred frequently and were the primary contributor to the recurrent
geomagnetic activity at Earth. These conditions enabled the isolation of
forcing by geomagnetic activity on the preconditioned solar minimum state of
the upper atmosphere caused by Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs).
Thermosphere density observations around 400 km from the CHAMP satellite are
used to study the thermosphere density response to solar wind high - speed
streams/CIRs. Superposed epoch results show that thermosphere density responds
to high - speed streams globally, and the density at 400 km changes by 75% on
average. The relative changes of neutral density are comparable at different
latitudes, although its variability is largest at high latitudes. In addition,
the response of thermosphere density to high - speed streams is larger at night
than in daytime, indicating the preconditioning effect of the thermosphere
response to storms. Finally, the thermosphere density variations at the periods
of 9 and 13.5 days associated with CIRs are linked to the spatial distribution
of low - middle latitude coronal holes on the basis of the EUVI observations
from the STEREO.Comment: Solar Physics, accepted, April 2010, and the final version of this
paper will appear in the website of Solar Physics soon
Stimulation-dependent uptake of an extracellular marker to subcellular fractions of isolated neurohypophysial tissue
Abelian Hidden Sectors at a GeV
We discuss mechanisms for naturally generating GeV-scale hidden sectors in
the context of weak-scale supersymmetry. Such low mass scales can arise when
hidden sectors are more weakly coupled to supersymmetry breaking than the
visible sector, as happens when supersymmetry breaking is communicated to the
visible sector by gauge interactions under which the hidden sector is
uncharged, or if the hidden sector is sequestered from gravity-mediated
supersymmetry breaking. We study these mechanisms in detail in the context of
gauge and gaugino mediation, and present specific models of Abelian GeV-scale
hidden sectors. In particular, we discuss kinetic mixing of a U(1)_x gauge
force with hypercharge, singlets or bi-fundamentals which couple to both
sectors, and additional loop effects. Finally, we investigate the possible
relevance of such sectors for dark matter phenomenology, as well as for low-
and high-energy collider searches.Comment: 43 pages, no figures; v2: to match JHEP versio
From chemical gardens to chemobrionics
Chemical gardens in laboratory chemistries ranging from silicates to polyoxometalates, in applications ranging from corrosion products to the hydration of Portland cement, and in natural settings ranging from hydrothermal vents in the ocean depths to brinicles beneath sea ice. In many chemical-garden experiments, the structure forms as a solid seed of a soluble ionic compound dissolves in a solution containing another reactive ion. In general any alkali silicate solution can be used due to their high solubility at high pH. The cation should not precipitate with the counterion of the metal salt used as seed. A main property of seed chemical-garden experiments is that initially, when the fluid is not moving under buoyancy or osmosis, the delivery of the inner reactant is diffusion controlled. Another experimental technique that isolates one aspect of chemical-garden formation is to produce precipitation membranes between different aqueous solutions by introducing the two solutions on either side of an inert carrier matrix. Chemical gardens may be grown upon injection of solutions into a so-called Hele-Shaw cell, a quasi-two-dimensional reactor consisting in two parallel plates separated by a small gap
Six Years of Chandra Observations of Supernova Remnants
We present a review of the first six years of Chandra X-ray Observatory
observations of supernova remnants. From the official "first-light" observation
of Cassiopeia A that revealed for the first time the compact remnant of the
explosion, to the recent million-second spectrally-resolved observation that
revealed new details of the stellar composition and dynamics of the original
explosion, Chandra observations have provided new insights into the supernova
phenomenon. We present an admittedly biased overview of six years of these
observations, highlighting new discoveries made possible by Chandra's unique
capabilities.Comment: 82 pages, 28 figures, for the book Astrophysics Update
Academic freedom: in justification of a universal ideal
This paper examines the justification for, and benefits of, academic freedom to academics, students, universities and the world at large. The paper surveys the development of the concept of academic freedom within Europe, more especially the impact of the reforms at the University of Berlin instigated by Wilhelm von Humboldt. Following from this, the paper examines the reasons why the various facets of academic freedom are important and why the principle should continue to be supported
Validation of the revised IPSS at transplant in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/transformed acute myelogenous leukemia receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation
The International Prognostic Scoring System has been revised (IPSS-R) to predict prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes at diagnosis. To validate the use of the IPSS-R assesse
- …