The role of clefting, word order and given-new ordering in sentence comprehension: Evidence from Hindi

Two Hindi eyetracking studies show that clefting a noun results in greater processing diculty initially, due to the extra processing steps involved in encoding a clefted noun (e.g., for computing the exhaustiveness interpretation). However, this extra diffculty in encoding a clefted noun results in a processing advantage when the clefted noun needs to be retrieved later on in the sentence { the clefted noun is retrieved faster in subsequent processing compared to its non-clefted counterpart. This effect is short-lived, however; it does not last beyond the current sentence. We also show that given-new ordering yields a processing advantage over new-given order, but this is only seen after the whole sentence is processed, i.e., it is a late effect that occurs after syntactic processing is completed. Finally, following up on work on German by Hornig et al. (2005), we present evidence that non-canonical order can be processed more easily than canonical order given appropriate context

Multi-target detection with rotations

We consider the multi-target detection problem of estimating a two-dimensional target image from a large noisy measurement image that contains many randomly rotated and translated copies of the target image. Motivated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, we focus on the low signal-to-noise regime, where it is difficult to estimate the locations and orientations of the target images in the measurement. Our approach uses autocorrelation analysis to estimate rotationally and translationally invariant features of the target image. We demonstrate that, regardless of the level of noise, our technique can be used to recover the target image when the measurement is sufficiently large.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

Rescue Treatment with Intra-arterial Tirofiban Infusion and Emergent Carotid Stenting

Rapid arterial rethrombosis is associated with high-grade residual stenosis and usually occurs at the site of the initial occlusion, resulting in reocclusion of the recanalized artery. Platelets may play an active role in such rethrombosis after thrombolytic-induced clot lysis. Given that glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers, like tirofiban, prevent thrombus formation by inhibiting the final common pathway of platelet aggregation, they may be helpful for treating rethrombosis after thrombolysis. A 64-year-old man presented with an acute ischemic stroke due to internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. The ICA was recanalized by intravenous thrombolysis but reoccluded shortly after recanalization. The reoccluded ICA was successfully recanalized using intra-arterial tirofiban. A carotid stent was subsequently inserted to relieve severe stenosis and to prevent recurrent stroke. Here, we report a case of rescue treatment of a successfully recanalized ICA by intra-arterial tirofiban. We suggest that rescue use of intra-arterial tirofiban may be effective and safe, especially in hemorrhage prone situations, due to the relatively lower dose of tirofiban compared with intravenous doses

Bioresorbable drug-eluting magnesium-alloy scaffold for treatment of coronary artery disease

The introduction of metallic drug-eluting stents has reduced the risk of restenosis and widened the indications of percutaneous coronary intervention in treatment of coronary artery disease. However, this medical device can induce hypersensitive reaction that interferes with the endothelialization and healing process resulting in late persistent or acquired malapposition of the permanent metallic implant. Delayed endotheliaization and malapposition may lead to late and very late stent thrombosis. Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) have been introduced to potentially overcome these limitations, as they provide temporary scaffolding and then disappear, liberating the treated vessel from its cage. Magnesium is an essential mineral needed for a variety of physiological functions in the human body and its bioresorbable alloy has the strength-to-weight ratio comparable with that of strong aluminum alloys and alloy steels. The aim of this review is to present the new developments in Magnesium BRS technology, to describe its clinical application and to discuss the future prospects of this innovative therapy

Klimatförändringar på engelska Wikipedia

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity, and yet society is unable to agree on its existence, causes and mitigation actions. This controversy in society manifests in all areas of public life including online channels. Wikipedia serves as a source of information not just for individuals, but also for search engines and artificial intelligence. Studying the climate change controversy on Wikipedia could provide insights that help to understand the controversy, and bolster the efforts in finding are solution for the controversy. With this aim, the edit histories of 86 pages related to climate change, their talk pages, as well as three baselines pages and their talk pages were collected from the English language Wikipedia, and analysed using Python for data extraction, manipulation and formatting, and R for data processing and analysis, data visualisation and significance testing. The statistical analyses of the different traces in the edit histories revealed interesting patterns of expression of the controversy. In addition, the statistical analyses hinted at several differences in the ways that editors on controversial pages differ from editors on non-controversial pages, thus showing an effect of controversy on Wikipedia and its culture .A detailed examination of the climate change pages showed that the controversy in Wikipedia traces affects the metadata of articles, thus identifying such articles to the casual reader. The novel method used in this study identified several new indicators of controversy

Klimatförändringar på engelska Wikipedia

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity, and yet society is unable to agree on its existence, causes and mitigation actions. This controversy in society manifests in all areas of public life including online channels. Wikipedia serves as a source of information not just for individuals, but also for search engines and artificial intelligence. Studying the climate change controversy on Wikipedia could provide insights that help to understand the controversy, and bolster the efforts in finding are solution for the controversy. With this aim, the edit histories of 86 pages related to climate change, their talk pages, as well as three baselines pages and their talk pages were collected from the English language Wikipedia, and analysed using Python for data extraction, manipulation and formatting, and R for data processing and analysis, data visualisation and significance testing. The statistical analyses of the different traces in the edit histories revealed interesting patterns of expression of the controversy. In addition, the statistical analyses hinted at several differences in the ways that editors on controversial pages differ from editors on non-controversial pages, thus showing an effect of controversy on Wikipedia and its culture .A detailed examination of the climate change pages showed that the controversy in Wikipedia traces affects the metadata of articles, thus identifying such articles to the casual reader. The novel method used in this study identified several new indicators of controversy

Two-Dimensional Multi-Target Detection

Single-particle reconstruction from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently emerged as a primary high-resolution structural determination method for biological molecules with key advan- tages over its predecessors, X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Present methodology involves imaging many particles suspended in solution; electron microscopes generate image observations of this solution called micrographs, which contain embedded projections of the subject molecules. The traditional computational pipeline relies on detecting and extract- ing the particle locations within the micrographs and then recovering the volume from isolated sub-images of the projections. However, in high noise regimes, particle detection is impossible and standard procedures fail. This is of particular interest for small molecules that induce a low signal-to- noise ratio in the micrograph. In response, researchers have sought to develop methods independent of the location of the molecules and directly reconstruct particles in this regime. This project aims to expand a previously proposed autocorrelation analysis framework to avoid intermediate detection, and recover a projection from micrographs containing many occurrences of this projection up to in-plane rotation

Modeling Superparamagnetic Particles in Blood Flow for Applications in Magnetic Drug Targeting

Magnetic drug targeting is a technique that involves the binding of medicine to magnetizable particles to allow for more specific transport to the target location. This has recently come to light as a method of drug delivery that reduces the disadvantages of conventional, systemic treatments. This study developed a mathematical model for tracking individual superparamagnetic nanoparticles in blood flow in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. The model considers the magnetic attraction between the particles and the external magnet, influence of power law flow, diffusive interaction between the particles and blood, and random collisions with red blood cells. A stochastic system of differential equations is presented and solved numerically to simulate the paths taken by particles in a blood vessel. This study specifically focused on localized cancer treatment, in which a surface tumor is accessed through smaller blood vessels, which are more conducive to this delivery method due to slower flow velocities and smaller diameters. The probability of the particles reaching the tumor location is found to be directly dependent on ambient factors; thus, diffusion through Brownian motion and red blood cell collisions, different magnetic field and force models, blood viscosities, and release points are considered