Errores frecuentes en los trabajos de grado de las Maestrías en Educación

The purpose of this research study consisted in realized a quality evaluation of master theses (MTE) conducted in the graduate program of Education at the Pedagogical Institute "Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa" of the Pedagogical Experimental University Libertador in Barquisimeto city (Venezuela) during the period 2001-2005. A mixed method was utilized, combining quantitative y qualitative approaches. The sample was of n = 185 MTE. The instrument was a estimation scale of 72 items. The evaluation criteria were: relevance, methodological pertinence, internal validity, theoretical actuality, coherence, and normativity. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques and content analysis. The results indicate that any MTE got the "Excellent" category, the 39 % was "Good", the 53 % was "Satisfactory" and the 8 % was qualified as "Deficient".El propósito del presente estudio consistió en realizar una evaluación de la calidad de los trabajos de grado (TG) que se han producido en los subprogramas de maestrías en educación del Instituto Pedagógico "Luis B. Prieto Figueroa" de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, en la ciudad de Barquisimeto (Venezuela), durante el período 2001-2005. Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto: cuantitativo y cualitativo. Se utilizó una muestra representativa de n = 185 TG. Se utilizó  una escala de estimación de 72 reactivos. Los criterios de evaluación empleados fueron: relevancia, pertinencia metodológica, validez interna, actualidad teórica, coherencia y normatividad. Los datos fueron examinados mediante técnicas estadísticas y análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que no hubo ningún TG en la categoría de "Excelente", sólo el 39 % fue calificado como "Bueno", el 53 %  como "Satisfactorio" y un 8 % como "Deficiente"

Redundancy analysis allows improved detection of methylation changes in large genomic regions

Background: DNA methylation is an epigenetic process that regulates gene expression. Methylation can be modified by environmental exposures and changes in the methylation patterns have been associated with diseases. Methylation microarrays measure methylation levels at more than 450,000 CpGs in a single experiment, and the most common analysis strategy is to perform a single probe analysis to find methylation probes associated with the outcome of interest. However, methylation changes usually occur at the regional level: for example, genomic structural variants can affect methylation patterns in regions up to several megabases in length. Existing DMR methods provide lists of Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) of up to only few kilobases in length, and cannot check if a target region is differentially methylated. Therefore, these methods are not suitable to evaluate methylation changes in large regions. To address these limitations, we developed a new DMR approach based on redundancy analysis (RDA) that assesses whether a target region is differentially methylated. Results: Using simulated and real datasets, we compared our approach to three common DMR detection methods (Bumphunter, blockFinder, and DMRcate). We found that Bumphunter underestimated methylation changes and blockFinder showed poor performance. DMRcate showed poor power in the simulated datasets and low specificity in the real data analysis. Our method showed very high performance in all simulation settings, even with small sample sizes and subtle methylation changes, while controlling type I error. Other advantages of our method are: 1) it estimates the degree of association between the DMR and the outcome; 2) it can analyze a targeted or region of interest; and 3) it can evaluate the simultaneous effects of different variables. The proposed methodology is implemented in MEAL, a Bioconductor package designed to facilitate the analysis of methylation data. Conclusions: We propose a multivariate approach to decipher whether an outcome of interest alters the methylation pattern of a region of interest. The method is designed to analyze large target genomic regions and outperforms the three most popular methods for detecting DMRs. Our method can evaluate factors with more than two levels or the simultaneous effect of more than one continuous variable, which is not possible with the state-of-the-art methods

Interactive learning in higher education through websites. An empirical study

Cada vez son más las asignaturas de educación superior que emplean la web como medio para crear lo que se ha venido a denominar aulas virtuales de formación. En nuestro caso, desde hace ya muchos años las empleamos en cuatro asignaturas que se imparten en la Universidad de Sevilla. En este artículo presentamos un estudio empírico relativo al uso de las aulas virtuales y su incidencia en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.More and more Higher Education courses are using websites ir order to create virtual classrooms. We have been working with these websites in four courses of the University of Seville for some years. In this paper, we show an empirical study related to the use of virtual classrooms and its influence in teaching and learning processes

MultiDataSet: an R package for encapsulating multiple data sets with application to omic data integration

BACKGROUND: Reduction in the cost of genomic assays has generated large amounts of biomedical-related data. As a result, current studies perform multiple experiments in the same subjects. While Bioconductor's methods and classes implemented in different packages manage individual experiments, there is not a standard class to properly manage different omic datasets from the same subjects. In addition, most R/Bioconductor packages that have been designed to integrate and visualize biological data often use basic data structures with no clear general methods, such as subsetting or selecting samples. RESULTS: To cover this need, we have developed MultiDataSet, a new R class based on Bioconductor standards, designed to encapsulate multiple data sets. MultiDataSet deals with the usual difficulties of managing multiple and non-complete data sets while offering a simple and general way of subsetting features and selecting samples. We illustrate the use of MultiDataSet in three common situations: 1) performing integration analysis with third party packages; 2) creating new methods and functions for omic data integration; 3) encapsulating new unimplemented data from any biological experiment. CONCLUSIONS: MultiDataSet is a suitable class for data integration under R and Bioconductor framework

Papel de las proteínas oxidadas sobre el daño endotelial asociado a la enfermedad renal crónica : aproximación “in vivo” e “in vitro”

Una manifestación temprana de las enfermedades cardiovasculares es la disfunción endotelial, asociada a un entorno inflamatorio propio de patologías crónicas como la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC). Está descrito que en la IRC se producen modificaciones pos-traduccionales en las proteínas, tales como la oxidación, que serían capaces de generar un daño endotelial y como consecuencia producir eventos cardiovasculares asociados a esta patología (IRC). Por ello, nos centramos en caracterizar y determinar el papel de estas proteínas oxidadas presentes en los plasmas de pacientes con IRC. Además, valoramos los efectos de una proteína en concreto, albúmina humana, sobre cultivos endoteliales, para relacionar estas moléculas alteradas presentes en plasmas de sujetos patológicos y nuestra proteína modificada en cuanto a la capacidad de provocar fenómenos de daño y senescencia prematura inducida en el endotelio, con las consiguientes complicaciones fisiopatológicas. Se realizó una aproximación in vivo, en la cual, mediante técnica ELISA, se determinó la cantidad (ng/mL) de AOPP (Advance Oxidized Protein Products) en plasmas de sujetos (n=18) con IRC, procedentes del Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda. Paralelamente, se cuantificó el número de micropartículas (MPs) endoteliales en las muestras para observar el daño endotelial.”In Vitro”, se utilizó Albúmina Humana Oxidada (mediante sulfato de cobre) como tratamiento, para ver los posibles efectos deletéreos de la misma, medidos como senescencia y daño (actividad B-gal, producción de MPs, reendotelización y proliferación). Se observó una mayor cantidad de proteínas oxidadas así como mayor número de MPs endoteliales en los plasmas de los sujetos respecto el control; se valoró que la presencia de albúmina oxidada induce senescencia prematura en el endotelio, así como expresión de mayor número de MPs e inhibición parcial de la proliferación y reendotelización del mismo, además de una mayor expresión de ciclina D1 a las 6 horas de tratamiento, proteína relacionada con la senescenci

Caso piloto panorama tecnológico del café al 2030 prospectiva tecnológica

Estudio de prospectiva, vigilancia e inteligencia organizacional en el que se presenta el posible escenario del sector caficultor en Colombia a la década 2030 que permita establecer políticas y planes de inversión e identificar tendencias que favorezcan la actuación y toma de decisiones por parte del SENA para minimizar el riesgo de error en las acciones de la entidad.Prospective study, surveillance and organizational intelligence in which the possible scenario of the coffee sector in Colombia is presented to the decade 2030 that allows to establish policies and investment plans and identify trends that favor the action and decision making by SENA to minimize the risk of error in the actions of the entity.Fase 1-pre-prospectiva -- Fase 2-prospectiva -- Análisis estratégico del entorno Microcultura -- Vigilancia científica-tecnológica (base de datos scopus) -- Vigilancia competitiva -- Generalidades del café -- Contexto del mercado Cafetero internacional y nacional -- Balanza/saldo comercial de 20 países nivel mundial 2007-2016136 página

Monitoring of Schmallenberg virus in Spanish wild artiodactyls, 2006-2015

Schmallenberg disease is an emerging disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants in Europe. An epidemiological survey was carried out to assess exposure to Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in wild artiodactyls in Spain between 2006 and 2015. A total of 1751 sera from wild artiodactyls, including 1066 red deer, 304 fallow deer, 192 mouflon, 109 wild boar, 49 roe deer and 31 Spanish ibex were tested for antibodies against SBV by ELISA and confirmed by virus neutralization test. SBV was not detected between the 2006/2007 and the 2010/2011 hunting seasons. Overall seroprevalence (including samples collected between the 2011/2012 and 2014/2015 hunting seasons) was 14.6% (160/1099; 95%CI: 12.7-16.6). Mean SBV seroprevalence was 13.3±2.6% in red deer, 23.9±4.2% in fallow deer, 16.4±6.1% in mouflon and 2.8±3.1% in wild boar. No antibodies against SBV were found in roe deer or Spanish ibex. The presence of SBV RNA was confirmed in three of 255 (1.2%) spleen samples from wild ruminants analysed by rRT-PCR. In a multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression model, the main risk factors associated with SBV seroprevalence were: species (fallow deer, red deer and mouflon), age (adults) and interactions between hunting areas of more than 1000 hectares and hunting season (2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015). The hypothesis of endemic circulation of SBV in the last few years is supported by the detection of SBV RNA in animals sampled in 2011 and 2015, as well as antibodies detected at low level in juveniles in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The results indicate that SBV circulated in wild ruminant populations in Spain during the same period when the virus was first reported in northern Europe, and at least five months before the first case was officially reported in livestock in Spain

Conversión de tuberculina en trabajadores del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio y asociación con características demográficas y laborales

Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de positividad, la tasa de conversión de la tuberculina en trabajadores de nuestro hospital y describir las características demográficas y laborales asociadas a esto.Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo en una cohorte de trabajadores del hospital a los que se les realizó la prueba de tuberculina. Se definió la positividad de la prueba de tuberculina como un resultado mayor o igual a 10 mm y la conversión como un aumento de 6 o 10 mm con respecto a la prueba inicial.Resultados Se encontró una prevalencia de 23,7 % y una incidencia de conversión de 13,6 % para el punto de corte mayor de 10 mm y 23 % para el punto de corte de 6 mm.  La edad de los sujetos estuvo relacionada a conversión, mientras que no se encontró relación con la ocupación.Conclusión La probabilidad de transmisión de la tuberculosis en trabajadores del hospital es mayor al de la población general. Deben ser implementadas medidas de promoción y prevención para disminuir la transmisión e incrementar el conocimiento de la tuberculosis asociada al cuidado de la salud en los trabajadores

Características del bienestar psicológico en jóvenes universitarios en el marco aislamiento preventivo por COVID-19

El bienestar psicológico se caracteriza por generar un fuerte sentido de vida y un proceso de autoevaluación. Para evaluarlo se utiliza el test de Bienestar Psicológico Carol Ryff, el cual fue digitalizado para ser enviado a estudiantes universitarios, controlando el número de respuestas por test como el control en su contenido, hecho desde un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental y alcance correlacional, encontrando en bienestar psicológico (BP) 71,9 % (527) de los participantes tiene BP Alto, 25,4 % (186 estudiantes) en moderado, 1,6 % (12 estudiantes) baja y alta correspondiente al 1,1 % (8 estudiantes). Los resultados indican que las relaciones entre bienestar psicológico, semestre académico y sexo son bajas o muy bajas y no tienen ni ejercen influencia alguna sobre los demás en el contexto de aislamiento y pandemia dada por el COVID-19.Psychological well-being is characterized by generating a strong sense of life and a self-evaluation process. To evaluate it the Carol Ryff psychological well-being test is used, which was digitized to be sent to university students, controlling the number of responses per test such as the control in its content, done from a quantitative approach, with a nonexperimental design and correlational scope. The findings show psychological well-being (BP) 71.9 % (527) of the participants have High BP, 25.4 % (186 students) in moderate, 1.6 % (12 students) low and high corresponding to 1.1 % (8 students). The results indicate that the relationships between psychological well-being, academic semester and sex are low or very low and do not have or exert any influence on the others in the context isolation and pandemic given by COVI D-19

Presenteeism and mental health of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

BackgroundA large number of workers attend work despite being ill. Attending work during sickness can have a number of consequences for the worker (e.g., worsening of physical and mental condition), for co-workers, and for the company, and for service users.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the factors influencing presenteeism and mental health of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA systematic review following the PRISMA format was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, and ScienceDirect electronic databases in January 2023, using the following key words: Presenteeism, Mental Health, and COVID-19. The eligibility criteria applied were original articles published in English, Spanish, French, German, and Portuguese, workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (data collection date: January 01, 2020 – January 01, 2023), and articles assessing at least one measure of presenteeism and mental health status. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The followed protocol is listed in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with code CRD42023391409.ResultsA total of 25 studies were included in this review recruiting a total of 164,274 participants. A number of factors influencing mental health and sickness presenteeism were identified: (1) mental health-related factors (burnout [in 4 studies], stress [in 9 studies], depression [in 1 study], fear of COVID-19 [in 1 study], no well-being [in 2 studies], etc.); (2) individual factors (health status [in 1 study], being young [in 1 study], workers who experienced interrupted medical care [in 2 studies], having a chronic disease [in 1 study], etc.); (3) factors related to the situation caused by COVID-19 (confinement, symptoms, loss of contract, risk of bankruptcy, etc. [in 1 study each one]); and (4) factors derived from working conditions (organisational support [in 1 study], patient care [in 1 study], work functioning or task performance impairment [in 4 studies], work fatigue [in 2 studies], safety climate [in 1 study], workload [in 1 study], etc.).ConclusionIdentifying the key determinants of presenteeism and understanding the phenomena and origins of sickness presenteeism will help to create a safe working environment and optimal organisational systems to protect vulnerable workers in a pandemic context.Systematic review registrationThe unique identifier is CRD42023391409