5,161 research outputs found

    Análisis de la complejidad perceptivo-motriz y psicológica del penalti en el fútbol

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    Un pensamiento habitual entre los profesionales del mundo del fútbol es que los penaltis son una lotería, a pesar de que numerosos estudios empíricos que demuestran lo contrario. En este estudio se presenta una completa revisión de los estudios realizados en torno a la acción de penalti en el fútbol. El documento se articula en tres apartados principales: cómo aumentar las opciones del portero, cómo aumentar las opciones del tirador y por último, cómo aumentar las opciones del equipo en las tandas. En cada uno de los apartados se revisan cómo interactúan tres factores influyentes en el rendimiento de los penaltis desde una perspectiva holística: el componente perceptivo-motor, el análisis probabilístico, y el componente psicológico. Si existe un punto en común entre todos los estudios consultados es precisamente el énfasis que ponen los autores en la recomendación de entrenamiento de estas acciones. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los penaltis no son una lotería sino que deben entrenarse de forma adecuada para mejorar los resultados. En este sentido, el presente artículo podría resultar útil a la hora de programar entrenamiento ya que presenta un resumen de los principales hallazgos de la investigación en penaltis de fútbol

    Statistical measure of complexity for quantum systems with continuous variables

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    The Fisher-Shannon statistical measure of complexity is analyzed for a continuous manifold of quantum observables. It is probed then than calculating it only in the configuration and momentum spaces will not give a complete description for certain systems. Then a more general measure for the complexity of a quantum system by the integration of the usual Fisher-Shannon measure over all the parameter space is proposed. Finally, these measures are applied to the concrete case of a free particle in a box.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Published versio

    Physiological responses to acute cold exposure in young lean men

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    The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe the physiological responses to an acute bout of mild cold in young lean men (n = 11, age: 23 ± 2 years, body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.2 kg/m2) to better understand the underlying mechanisms of non-shivering thermogenesis and how it is regulated. Resting energy expenditure, substrate metabolism, skin temperature, thermal comfort perception, superficial muscle activity, hemodynamics of the forearm and abdominal regions, and heart rate variability were measured under warm conditions (22.7 ± 0.2ÊC) and during an individualized cooling protocol (air-conditioning and water cooling vest) in a cold room (19.4 ± 0.1ÊC). The temperature of the cooling vest started at 16.6ÊC and decreased ~ 1.4ÊC every 10 minutes until participants shivered (93.5 ± 26.3 min). All measurements were analysed across 4 periods: warm period, at 31% and at 64% of individualÂs cold exposure time until shivering occurred, and at the shivering threshold. Energy expenditure increased from warm period to 31% of cold exposure by 16.7% (P = 0.078) and to the shivering threshold by 31.7% (P = 0.023). Fat oxidation increased by 72.6% from warm period to 31% of cold exposure (P = 0.004), whereas no changes occurred in carbohydrates oxidation. As shivering came closer, the skin temperature and thermal comfort perception decreased (all P<0.05), except in the supraclavicular skin temperature, which did not change (P>0.05). Furthermore, the superficial muscle activation increased at the shivering threshold. It is noteworthy that the largest physiological changes occurred during the first 30 minutes of cold exposure, when the participants felt less discomfort.The study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PTA 12264-I), Fondo de InvestigacioÂn Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01393), and Retos de la Sociedad (DEP2016-79512-R), Fondos Estructurales de la UnioÂn Europea (FEDER), by the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU 13/04365 and 15/04059), by the FundacioÂn Iberoamericana de NutricioÂn (FINUT), by the Redes temaÂticas de investigacioÂn cooperativa RETIC (Red SAMI

    Além da hipótese de desigualdade de renda e influência na saúde humana: uma exploração global

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    OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether the relationship between income inequality and human health is mediated through social capital, and whether political regime determines differences in income inequality and social capital among countries. METHODS: Path analysis of cross sectional ecological data from 110 countries. Life expectancy at birth was the outcome variable, and income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient), social capital (measured by the Corruption Perceptions Index or generalized trust), and political regime (measured by the Index of Freedom) were the predictor variables. Corruption Perceptions Index (an indirect indicator of social capital) was used to include more developing countries in the analysis. The correlation between Gini coefficient and predictor variables was calculated using Spearman's coefficients. The path analysis was designed to assess the effect of income inequality, social capital proxies and political regime on life expectancy. RESULTS: The path coefficients suggest that income inequality has a greater direct effect on life expectancy at birth than through social capital. Political regime acts on life expectancy at birth through income inequality. CONCLUSIONS: Income inequality and social capital have direct effects on life expectancy at birth. The "class/welfare regime model" can be useful for understanding social and health inequalities between countries, whereas the "income inequality hypothesis" which is only a partial approach is especially useful for analyzing differences within countries.OBJETIVO: Analizar si la relación entre la desigualdad la renta y la salud humana está determinada por el capital social, y si el régimen político determina la distribución de desigualdad de renta en los países. MÉTODOS: Estudio ecológico de trayectorias utilizando datos transversales de 110 países. La esperanza de vida al nacer fue la variable resultado, y la desigualdad en la renta (medida con el coeficiente de Gini), el capital social (medido por el Índice de Percepción de Corrupción o la confianza generalizada) y el régimen político (medido por el Indice de Libertad), las variables independientes. El Indice de Percepción de Corrupción (un indicador indirecto del capital social) fue usado para incluir más países en desarrollo en el análisis. Fueron calculados los coeficientes de correlación de Spearman entre el índice de Gini con las demás variables independientes. El análisis de trayectoria fue realizado para evaluar el efecto de la desigualdad de renta, de los proxys de capital social y del régimen político en la esperanza de vida. RESULTADOS: Los coeficientes de trayectoria sugieren que la desigualdad en la renta tiene un mayor impacto directo sobre la esperanza de vida al nacer que a través del capital social. El régimen político actúa sobre la esperanza de vida al nacer a través de la desigualdad en el ingreso. CONCLUSIONES: La desigualdad en la renta y el capital social tienen efectos directos sobre la esperanza de vida al nacer. El modelo de régimen de "clase/bienestar" puede ser útil para entender las desigualdades sociales y de salud entre países, mientras que la "hipótesis de desigualdad en la renta" es solo una aproximación parcial útil para analizar diferencias dentro de cada país.OBJETIVO: Analisar se a relação entre a desigualdade de renda e a saúde humana é mediada pelo capital social, assim como a influência do regime político na distribuição de renda nos países. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de trajetórias utilizando dados transversais de 110 países. A variável de desfecho foi a esperança de vida ao nascer; as variáveis independentes foram: desigualdade de renda (medida pelo índice de Gini), capital social (medido pelo índice de percepção de corrupção ou confiança generalizada) e regime político (medido pelo Índice de Liberdade). O Índice de Percepção de Corrupção (um indicador indireto do capital social) foi usado para incluir mais países em desenvolvimento na análise. Foram calculados os coeficientes de correlação de Spearman entre o índice de Gini com as demais variáveis independentes. A análise de trajetória foi realizada para avaliar o efeito da desigualdade de renda, dos proxys de social capital e do regime político na expectativa de vida. RESULTADOS: Os coeficientes de trajetória sugerem que a desigualdade de renda tem maior impacto direto sobre a esperança de vida ao nascer do que por meio do capital social. O regime político atua sobre a esperança de vida ao nascer por meio da desigualdade de renda. CONCLUSÕES: A desigualdade de renda e o capital social têm efeitos diretos sobre a esperança de vida ao nascer. O modelo de regime de "classe/bem-estar" pode ser útil para entender as desigualdades sociais e de saúde entre países, enquanto a hipótese de desigualdade de renda se limita a uma aproximação parcial útil para analisar diferenças dentro dos países

    Tras la leche ¿nada eches? Trabajando con mezclas

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    El estudio de la materia y las mezclas suelen tratarse a través de actividades de lápiz y papel centrados en clasificarlas. Para mejorar su comprensión, en el presente trabajo, se estudiar al mismo tiempo las mezclas y las sustancias. Además, se intenta ubicarlas en la vida real mediante una propuesta de indagación de nutrición. Los resultados muestran que poder tocar y practicar diferentes mezclas a la par que se trabaja con el libro de texto, mejora su comprensión e identificación. Sin embargo, los estudiantes no están acostumbrados a generar hipótesis y extraer conclusiones, lo que dificulta mostrarles procesos de la vida real en los que están implicadas las mezclas

    Evaluating Membranes for Bone Regeneration

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    This work was supported by: 1)the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund [Project MAT2017-85999-P MINECO/AEI/FEDER/UE],2) University of Granada/Regional Government of Andalusia Research Fund from Spain and European Regional Development Fund (A-BIO-157-UGR-18/FEDER).This research is part of M.T-O.’s PhD research study.Objectives:Maxillofacial bone defectsare the main hindering conditions for traditional dental implant strategies. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is used to handle this situation. The principle of GBR is to use a membrane to prevent the colonization of soft tissue cells of the bone defect and favors the migration of osteogenic linages. Currentmembranes do not completely fulfill the requirements that an optimal membrane should have, sometimes resulting in non-predictable results. Thus, the need to develop an ideal membrane to perform this duty is clear. Recent developments in bio-manufacturing are driving innovations in membranes technology permitting the active participation of the membrane in the healing and regenerative process trough native tissue mimicking, drug-delivery and cells interaction, away from being a passive barrier. New membranes features need specific evaluation techniques, beyond the International Standard for membrane materials (last reviewed in 2004), being this the rationale for the present review.Nanotechnology application has completely shifted the way of analyzing structural characterization. New progresses on osteoimmmunomodulation have also switched the understanding of cells-membranes interaction. Data and Sources:To propose an updated protocol for GBR membranes evaluation, critical reading of therelevant published literature was carried out after a MEDLINE/PubMed database search. Conclusions:The main findings are that a potential active membrane should be assessed in its nanostructure, physicochemical and nanomechanical properties,bioactivityand antibacterial,osteoblasts proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. Immunomodulationtesting for macrophages recruitmentand M2 phenotype promotion in osteoblasts co-culture has to beachieved to completely analyze membranes/tissue interactions.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund [Project MAT2017-85999-P MINECO/AEI/FEDER/UE]University of Granada/Regional Government of Andalusia Research Fund from Spain and European Regional Development Fund (A-BIO-157-UGR-18/FEDER

    Relationships among multiple intelligences, motor performance and academic achievement in secondary school children

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    This study examines the relationships between multiple intelligences, academic achievement and motor performance in a group of secondary school children. Four hundred and eighty schoolchildren participated in this study (171 female and 309 male) with an average age of 13.33 years (SD: 1.41). The Revised self-efficacy Inventory for Multiple Intelligences (IAIM-R) and the motor test Sportcomp were applied, and the average results of the academic year they had made were obtained. The analysis of the results showed how female scored significantly higher on the Linguistic, Spatial and Interpersonal intelligences, and older pupils scored significantly higher on the linguistic and naturalistic intelligences. It was the logical-mathematical intelligence which showed significant relationships with academic performance and it was the intelligence that better predicted this achievement. It was the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence that was significantly related to motor competence and the best intelligence that predicted its achievement. Finally, indicate that schoolchildren with better scores in the motor test were those who scored higher in both academic achievement and all the multiple intelligences, with the exception of musical intelligence

    La intenciòn de practicar en el futuro en escolares adolescentes

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    El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las intenciones de ser activos en el futuro de un grupo de escolares adolescentes así como qué variables podrían predecir mejor esta. Participaron 480 escolares de 11 a 16 años (M= 13.33 años; DT= 1.41) de los cuales 309 fueron varones y 171 mujeres de centros de la Comunidad de Madrid y Castilla La Mancha. Todos ellos cumplimentaron el Inventario de Conductas Saludables HBSC en la versión española de Castillo et al. (1997), referido a aspectos personales, sociales y ambientales de la práctica de actividades físicas y deportivas. Los resultados mostraron que la tasa de participación y de práctica en actividades deportivas está descendiendo en general y de forma particular en las chicas. La comparación con el estudio de 1997 así lo atestigua. Para los participantes las variables que mejor predicen su intención de practicar en el futuro fueron las autopercepciones de competencia deportiva, de forma física y de salud, a las cuales habría que añadir la práctica de las personas más significativas y la pertenencia activa a un club deportivo. De este estudio se desprende una consecuencia muy clara, la necesidad de incrementar la práctica en estas edades, de ofrecer experiencias confirmatorias que les permitan fortalecer su competencia real en el ámbito deportivo, sobre todo en el caso de las chicas
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