Un reto educativo en el Siglo XXI : la educación de delincuentes dentro del ámbito penitenciario. Una perspectiva de género

Este artículo analiza la función educativa que se lleva a cabo en las prisiones españolas, uno de los aspectos más olvidados dentro del ámbito educativo, siendo uno de los retos más importantes que tiene planteada la Educación en el siglo XXI. Por otra parte, a pesar de que la normativa penitenciaria que regula la educación en los centros penitenciarios va dirigida a los reclusos, independientemente de que estos sean hombres o mujeres, la realidad es que existen claras diferencias en la oferta educativa, tanto la referida a la formación profesional como a la ocupacional, con un marcado sesgo discriminatorio. Estas razones hacen necesario introducir en el estudio de la educación en las prisiones una perspectiva de género que ponga de manifiesto las diferencias existentes entre hombres y mujeres y sus causas.________________________________This article analyzes the educative function that is carried out in the Spanish prisons, one of the forgotten aspects more within the educative scope, although it is one of the most important challenges that it has raised the Education in century XXI. On the other hand, in spite of the penitentiary norm that regulates the education in the penitentiary centers goes independently directed to the inmates, of which these are men or women, the reality is that clear differences in the educative offer exist, as much referred to the professional formation like as the occupational one, with discriminatory slanted marking. These reasons do necessary to introduce, in the study of the education in the prisons, a gender perspective that shows the existing differences between men and women and their causes

The Use of Visual Methods for Diagnosis and Social Intervention Through a Study of Two Towns in Spain and Cameroon

Este artículo presenta algunas de las contribuciones de la perspectiva visual al análisis de la realidad social, así como sus ventajas y limitaciones en comparación con el uso de otras técnicas sociológicas más habituales, en una investigación donde se encuentran presentes la aproximación multi-método y la triangulación. En este artículo describimos la desigualdad entre dos ciudades concretas en Camerún (África) y en España (Europa) a través de la observación de fotografías. Se ha combinado la información visual con la procedente de entrevistas, grupos de discusión y otras fuentes. Como resultados, se subraya que el uso de la fotografía supone una contribución para la sociología visual que aporta algunos matices que otras fuentes o técnicas de investigación no aprecian de la misma forma, y ello podría ser de utilidad para la intervención social. Las imágenes parecen identificar otros aspectos invisibles de los datos, o clarificar o proporcionar información novedosa sobre los aspectos de la desigualdad que no aparecen explícitamente a través de otros medios como estadísticas, entrevistas, grupos de discusión, prensa, etcétera. Haber recogido en el proceso de investigación discursos sobre las fotos a través de las entrevistas también ayudó al proceso de investigación en sí mismo y al diagnóstico socialThis article presents some advantages and limitations of a visual perspective for the analysis of social reality in comparison with the use of more common sociological techniques, for which a multi-method approach and methodological triangulation were used. In this article we describe inequalities existing between pictures of two particular towns in Cameroon (Africa) and Spain (Europe). We combined visual information with that of interviews, focus groups and other sources. The results show that the use of photography for a visual sociology provides nuances that other sources or techniques do not render and that could be useful for social intervention. Images seem to identify other invisible aspects of data, or clarify or provide new information on aspects of inequality that do not appear explicitly through other means such as statistics, interviews, focus groups, the press, and so on. Collecting discourses about pictures through interviews helped the process of research itself and also the social diagnosi

Development and characterization of cell models harbouring mtDNA deletions for <i>in vitro</i> study of Pearson syndrome

Pearson syndrome is a rare multisystem disease caused by single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions (SLSMDs). The syndrome presents early in infancy and is mainly characterised by refractory sideroblastic anaemia. Prognosis is poor and treatment is supportive, thus the development of new models for the study of Pearson syndrome and new therapy strategies is essential. In this work, we report three different cell models carrying an SLMSD: fibroblasts, transmitochondrial cybrids and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). All studied models exhibited an aberrant mitochondrial ultrastructure and defective oxidative phosphorylation system function, showing a decrease in different parameters, such as mitochondrial ATP, respiratory complex IV activity and quantity or oxygen consumption. Despite this, iPSCs harbouring ‘common deletion’ were able to differentiate into three germ layers. Additionally, cybrid clones only showed mitochondrial dysfunction when heteroplasmy level reached 70%. Some differences observed among models may depend on their metabolic profile; therefore, we consider that these three models are useful for the in vitro study of Pearson syndrome, as well as for testing new specific therapies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper

Campesinos sin tierra y territorio jornalero en Andalucía

Todavía, en los albores del siglo XXI, la figura del jornalero es una realidad en Andalucía. Fuera de tópicos, unas trescientas mil personas buscan cada día el jornal agrario, que les permita seguir viviendo. Muchas de ellas recorren los campos y las geografías de las faenas agrícolas tratando de ampliar la estrechez del mercado de trabajo andaluz. El litoral onubense, gracias a su nueva agricultura, acoge a unos cuarenta mil jornaleros y cerca de sesenta mil personas, que se trasladan con sus enseres a este corto espacio de agricultura intensiva, con no más de 10.000 Has. Entre Marzo y Mayo, por ejemplo, hay más personas de Bornos y Puerto Serrano en el litoral onubense que en las sierras gaditanas. Muchos otros llegan de La Lantejuela, Montellano, La Campana, Ecija, Valdepeñas etc., huyendo de tierras sin trabajo. Este trasiego de gentes tiene como objetivo primordial abastecer de mano de obra la recolección del fresón onubense. Pero además genera fuertes transformaciones en espacios, hasta hace 15 años vírgenes, que se convierten en frente agrícola pionero, con un habitat disperso y grandes desforestaciones. Viviendo y conociendo esta realidad, el Grupo de Investigación «Instituto de Desarrollo Local», se propuso realizar un estudio de los jornaleros andaluces de Hoy. Aprovechando infraestructuras universitarias e intereses comunes -la sociedad y el territorio-, decidió abordar el fenómeno del jornalerismo en Andalucía, tratando de explicar su vinculación a las actividades de la tierra y las estructuras territoriales que permiten o dificultan la pervivencia, todavía en 1993, de circuitos jornaleros

BiP Heterozigosity Aggravates Pathological Deterioration in Experimental Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the chaperone protein BiP (also known as GRP78 or Hspa5), a master regulator of intracellular proteostasis, in two mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). To this end, we used mice bearing partial genetic deletion of the BiP gene (BiP+/− mice), which, for the ALS model, were crossed with mutant SOD1 (mSOD1) transgenic mice to generate mSOD1/BiP+/− double mutant mice. Our data revealed a more intense neurological decline in the double mutants, reflected in a greater deterioration of the neurological score and rotarod performance, with also a reduced animal survival, compared to mSOD1 transgenic mice. Such worsening was associated with higher microglial (labelled with Iba-1 immunostaining) and, to a lesser extent, astroglial (labelled with GFAP immunostaining) immunoreactivities found in the double mutants, but not with a higher loss of spinal motor neurons (labelled with Nissl staining) in the spinal cord. The morphological analysis of Iba-1 and GFAP-positive cells revealed a higher presence of activated cells, characterized by elevated cell body size and shorter processes, in double mutants compared to mSOD1 mice with normal BiP expression. In the case of the PD model, BiP+/− mice were unilaterally lesioned with the parkinsonian neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In this case, however, we did not detect a greater susceptibility to damage in mutant mice, as the motor defects caused by 6-OHDA in the pole test and the cylinder rearing test, as well as the losses in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons and the elevated glial reactivity (labelled with CD68 and GFAP immunostaining) detected in the substantia nigra were of similar magnitude in BiP+/− mice compared with wildtype animals. Therefore, our findings support the view that a dysregulation of the protein BiP may contribute to ALS pathogenesis. As BiP has been recently related to cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor function, our work also opens the door to future studies on a possible link between BiP and the neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids that have been widely reported in this neuropathological context. In support of this possibility, preliminary data indicate that CB1 receptor levels are significantly reduced in mSOD1 mice having partial deletion of BiP gene

Preclinical Investigation in Neuroprotective Effects of the GPR55 Ligand VCE-006.1 in Experimental Models of Parkinson’s Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Cannabinoids act as pleiotropic compounds exerting, among others, a broad-spectrum of neuroprotective effects. These effects have been investigated in the last years in different preclinical models of neurodegeneration, with the cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) and type-2 (CB2) receptors concen- trating an important part of this research. However, the issue has also been extended to additional targets that are also active for cannabinoids, such as the orphan G-protein receptor 55 (GPR55). In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of VCE-006.1, a chromenopyrazole derivative with biased orthosteric and positive allosteric modulator activity at GPR55, in murine models of two neurodegenerative diseases. First, we proved that VCE-006.1 alone could induce ERK1/2 activation and calcium mobilization, as well as increase cAMP response but only in the presence of lysophosphatidyl inositol. Next, we investigated this compound administered chronically in two neurotoxin-based models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), as well as in some cell-based models. VCE-006.1 was active in reversing the motor defects caused by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the pole and the cylinder rearing tests, as well as the losses in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons and the elevated glial reactivity detected in the substantia nigra. Similar cytoprotective effects were found in vitro in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 6-OHDA. We also investigated VCE-006.1 in LPS-lesioned mice with similar beneficial effects, except against glial reactivity and associated inflammatory events, which remained unaltered, a fact confirmed in BV2 cells treated with LPS and VCE-006.1. We also analyzed GPR55 in these in vivo models with no changes in its gene expression, although GPR55 was down-regulated in BV2 cells treated with LPS, which may explain the lack of efficacy of VCE-006.1 in such an assay. Furthermore, we investigated VCE-006.1 in two genetic models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), mutant SOD1, or TDP-43 transgenic mice. Neither the neurological decline nor the deteriorated rotarod performance were prevented with this compound, and the same happened with the elevated microglial and astroglial reactivities, albeit modest spinal motor neuron preservation was achieved in both models. We also analyzed GPR55 in these in vivo models and found no changes in both TDP-43 transgenic and mSOD1 mice. Therefore, our findings support the view that targeting the GPR55 may afford neuroprotection in experimental PD, but not n ALS, thus stressing the specificities for the development of cannabinoid-based therapies in the different neurodegenerative disorders.This work has been supported by grants from CIBERNED (CB06/05/0089), MICIU (RTI- 2018-098885-B-100), ELA-Madrid-CM (B2017/BMD-3813), and Emerald Health Biotechnology-Spain. These agencies had no further role in study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publicatioPeer reviewe

Innovación y mejora docente en TFG de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales 2016-2017

El objetivo de este proyecto es poner en contacto los intereses de las empresas con los temas a desarrollar en un trabajo fin de grado (TFG) en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad de Sevilla. Para ello, se diseña una web que facilite la solicitud de los temas que puedan interesar a las empresas. Una vez solicitado el tema, este se puede asignar a los alumnos que este curso van a realizar su TFG. Los resultados obtenidos, ponen de manifiesto un importante interés inicial de las empresas por este proyecto que se manifiesta en el número de solicitudes que se han formalizado, a pesar del poco tiempo que lleva funcionando la web. Asimismo, los alumnos que están participando en el proyecto elaborando su TFG para cubrir la demanda de un tema propuesto por una empresa, se muestran ilusionados. Entre las propuestas de cara al futuro destacan la inclusión de otros departamentos en el proyecto y la posibilidad de ofertar estos TFG a todos los alumnos de la facultad en función del expediente académico. Gracias a este proyecto se facilita la transferencia de conocimiento entre Universidad-Empresa y se favorece el contacto del alumno con la realidad empresarial

Impact of BCR-ABL1 Transcript Type on Response, Treatment-Free Remission Rate and Survival in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib

The most frequent BCR-ABL1-p210 transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are e14a2 and e13a2. Imatinib (IM) is the most common first-line tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) used to treat CML. Some studies suggest that BCR-ABL1 transcript types confer different responses to IM. The objective of this study was to correlate the expression of e14a2 or e13a2 to clinical characteristics, cumulative cytogenetic and molecular responses to IM, acquisition of deep molecular response (DMR) and its duration (sDMR), progression rate (CIP), overall survival (OS), and treatment-free remission (TFR) rate. We studied 202 CML patients, 76 expressing the e13a2 and 126 the e14a2, and correlated the differential transcript expression with the above-mentioned parameters. There were no differences in the cumulative incidence of cytogenetic responses nor in the acquisition of DMR and sDMR between the two groups, but the e14a2 transcript had a positive impact on molecular response during the first 6 months, whereas the e13a2 was associated with improved long-term OS. No correlation was observed between the transcript type and TFR rate

Left atrial geometry and outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation: results from the multicentre LAGO-AF study

Aims: Left atrial (LA) remodelling is a key determinant of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation outcome. Optimal methods to assess this process are scarce. LA sphericity is a shape-based parameter shown to be independently associated to procedural success. In a multicentre study, we aimed to test the feasibility of assessing LA sphericity and evaluate its capability to predict procedural outcomes. Methods and results: This study included consecutive patients undergoing first AF ablation during 2013. A 3D model of the LA chamber, excluding pulmonary veins and LA appendage, was used to quantify LA volume (LAV) and LA sphericity (≥82.1% was considered spherical LA). In total, 243 patients were included across 9 centres (71% men, aged 56 ± 10 years, 44% with hypertension and 76% CHA2DS2-VASc ≤ 1). Most patients had paroxysmal AF (66%) and underwent radiofrequency ablation (60%). Mean LA diameter (LAD), LAV, and LA sphericity were 42 ± 6 mm, 100 ± 33 mL, and 82.6 ± 3.5%, respectively. Adjusted Cox models identified paroxysmal AF [hazard ratio (HR 0.54, P = 0.032)] and LA sphericity (HR 1.87, P = 0.035) as independent predictors for AF recurrence. A combined clinical-imaging score [Left Atrial Geometry and Outcome (LAGO)] including five items (AF phenotype, structural heart disease, CHA2DS2-VASc ≤ 1, LAD, and LA sphericity) classified patients at low (≤2 points) and high risk (≥3 points) of procedural failure (35% vs. 82% recurrence at 3-year follow-up, respectively; HR 3.10, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this multicentre, real-life cohort, LA sphericity and AF phenotype were the strongest predictors of AF ablation outcome after adjustment for covariates. The LAGO score was easy to implement, identified high risk of procedural failure, and could help select optimal candidates. Clinical Trial Registration Information: NCT02373982 (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02373982)