Efficiency of interactive financial education model: Evidence from high school and university students:

The objective of this study is to bring new model of financial literacy education for youngsters at high school and college/university, through the use of active pedagogical and didactic methodologies. This study designs new model which serves as a preparation strategy for the PISA test (Program for International Student Assessment) as an alternative to improve financial lives. The method applied was investigation-action in four steps: a) construction of the model, b) implementation, c) testing, and d) improvements in order to develop pedagogical and didactic strategies that improve financial literacy. The model was applied in Colombia to 200 high school students, and 150 university students. It was found that the proposed interactive action learning model stimulates learning through competitiveness and yields positive results at financial knowledge for making appropriate financial decisions for both high school and university students. The results show the use of active pedagogies, through role play, contests, and decision making, generates better knowledge appropriation tools, making the learning model more effective in financial education. The results show significant improvement in the knowledge level of both high school and university students

Michoacán Rural: Economía,Migración, Poblamiento,Sociedad Campesina,Regiones, Recursos Hídricos

Rural Michoacan.Economy, Migration, Population, Peasant Society, Regions, Water ResourcesMichoacán Rural.Economía, Migración, Poblamiento,Sociedad Campesina,Regiones, Recursos Hídrico

SGLT2 is not expressed in pancreatic α- and β-cells, and its inhibition does not directly affect glucagon and insulin secretion in rodents and humans.

OBJECTIVE: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i), or gliflozins, are anti-diabetic drugs that lower glycemia by promoting glucosuria, but they also stimulate endogenous glucose and ketone body production. The likely causes of these metabolic responses are increased blood glucagon levels, and decreased blood insulin levels, but the mechanisms involved are hotly debated. This study verified whether or not SGLT2i affect glucagon and insulin secretion by a direct action on islet cells in three species, using multiple approaches. METHODS: We tested the in vivo effects of two selective SGLT2i (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) and a SGLT1/2i (sotagliflozin) on various biological parameters (glucosuria, glycemia, glucagonemia, insulinemia) in mice. mRNA expression of SGLT2 and other glucose transporters was assessed in rat, mouse, and human FACS-purified α- and β-cells, and by analysis of two human islet cell transcriptomic datasets. Immunodetection of SGLT2 in pancreatic tissues was performed with a validated antibody. The effects of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and sotagliflozin on glucagon and insulin secretion were assessed using isolated rat, mouse and human islets and the in situ perfused mouse pancreas. Finally, we tested the long-term effect of SGLT2i on glucagon gene expression. RESULTS: SGLT2 inhibition in mice increased the plasma glucagon/insulin ratio in the fasted state, an effect correlated with a decline in glycemia. Gene expression analyses and immunodetections showed no SGLT2 mRNA or protein expression in rodent and human islet cells, but moderate SGLT1 mRNA expression in human α-cells. However, functional experiments on rat, mouse, and human (29 donors) islets and the in situ perfused mouse pancreas did not identify any direct effect of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin or sotagliflozin on glucagon and insulin secretion. SGLT2i did not affect glucagon gene expression in rat and human islets. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that the SGLT2i-induced increase of the plasma glucagon/insulin ratio in vivo does not result from a direct action of the gliflozins on islet cells

Levels of quinolones resistance and other antimicrobial in non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in children from the periurban area of Lima, Peru

The main aim of this study was to establish the resistance levels to antimicrobial agents, in 222 non-pathogenic E. Coli strains of fecal origin in Peru. The proportion of resistance found to the evaluated antimicrobials was ampicillin (62.6%), cotrimoxazole (48,6%), tetracycline (43,0%) and chloramphenicol (15,8%). We emphasize the high resistance levels found for quinolones: 32% for nalidixic acid (NAL) and 12% for ciprofloxacin (CIP). These high levels of quinoloneresistance in non-pathogenic strains isolated from children in this age group highlight the extensive use and the impact of the intake of this kind of antimicrobials in the community, showing the potential risk of the loss of their utility in the area.Este trabajo fue parcialmente financiado por Agència Catalana de Cooperació al Desenvolupament proyecto U2006 (LJdV), Centre de Cooperació per al Desenvolupament - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (LJdV), Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo proyectos numero A/4892/06 (LJdV), D/019499/08 y D/024648/09 (JR), Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health, USA, proyecto 1K01TW007405 (TJO) Sanofi Pasteur y fondos de investigación del Dr. Lanata, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Perú. La investigación de JR es financiado por el proyecto CP05/0130 del FIS (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, España).Revisión por pare

Functional Dissection of the Proton Pumping Modules of Mitochondrial Complex I

A catalytically active subcomplex of respiratory chain complex I lacks 14 of its 42 subunits yet retains half of its proton-pumping capacity, indicating that its membrane arm has two pump modules

Cuestiones epistemológicas y estudios de caso

En un país -Francia- donde el campo del teatro está estructurado culturalmente durante décadas, el Teatro Aplicado es una noción que a menudo aparece como ancillar, frente a un arte institucionali-zado, incluso mirificado. Por un lado, estaría el Teatro, puro, noble, auténtico y por otro, estarían sus avatares: el teatro de empresa, el teatro para el desarrollo personal, el teatro para patologías, etc. Si tienen la misma fuente, su consanguinidad no deja de asustar. ¿cómo pueden unos artistas que crean alejados de cualquier coacción exterior pertenecer a la misma familia del teatro que unos actores o directores que "obedecen" a un encargo, en un contexto específico, con un público muchas veces participantes de talleres ... y que son por tanto prisioneros, en cierto modo, de un arte instru-mental izado? A este problema ético, este libro intenta responder, a través de ejemplos concretos, para una mayor comprensión inrerculrural Francia/ Colombia.In a country -France- where the field of theater has been culturally structured for decades, Applied Theater is a notion that often appears as an ancillary, in the face of an institutionalized, even mirified, art. On the one hand, there would be the Theater, pure, noble, authentic and on the other, there would be its ups and downs: company theater, theater for personal development, theater for pathologies, etc. If they have the same source, their consanguinity does not stop frightening. How can some artists who create far from any external coercion belong to the same theater family as some actors or directors who "obey" a commission, in a specific context, with an audience that is often workshop participants... are they therefore prisoners, in a certain way, of an instrumented art? To this ethical problem, this book tries to respond, through concrete examples, for a greater intercultural understanding France/ Colombia.Bogot

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis