DT-TV. Grafik till djungeltrumman.se:s webb-TV

The goal with the project was to make the graphic for Djungeltrumman.se´s upcoming webb-TV. Djungeltrumman.se is a clubguide on the internet and as a magazine. Their target group is people in the age between 18-34 with an interest for culture and nightlife that lives in a city where Djungeltrumman.se is active. The purpose of the project was to make a graphical frame that had the feelling of Djungeltrumman.se. The feeling should capture the interest of the target group and make them care more for Djungeltrumman.se. The graphics will contain an intro, information frames and presentations for the different parts in the program. In this project I focused on making the intro for the program. The other graphical content will later on be based on the intro. How can I make an intro that captures the interest of the targetgroup, again and again without them getting tired of it? With what and how do you present Djungeltrumman.se best in motion graphic? A television intro? What does the history tell about it? The making of the intro was focused on the three keywords, the city, energy and guidance. And from those words I made a colour pallet. The biggest decision was to build a real model of a city. With that I got a depth in the footage that never could be made in 3d. Every little part of the model had something to tell. Ruff edges and windows that were cut by hand gave a charming look. The result of my project was an intro that communicated the feeling of Djungeltrumman. se with my keyword the city, energy and guidance. It captures the interest of the viewer that wants to see it again and again

Using a Reflective Attitude when Meeting Older Chronically Ill Patients' Care Needs in Home Care Nursing

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International Nursing. Caring in Nursing Leadership- A meta-ethnography From the Nurse Leader`s Perspective

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Characterization and densification of carbonized lignocellulosic biomass

This thesis focuses on developing two main areas: characterization and densification of carbonized lignocellulosic biomass. Thermally treated biomass undergoes changes that enrich the content of carbon in the remaining solid fraction. The carbon content is correlated to the temperature and residence time of the treatment and affects the properties of the material as a fuel e.g. gross calorific value. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to predict a wide range of variables from forest- and agro-based biomass thermally treated at 240 to 850 ˚C. The result showed that NIR provided excellent predictions e.g. for energy, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen contents. The changes of the biomass properties after thermal treatment, such as torrefaction, change also the pelletizing properties. A parametric study was conducted at bench scale in a single pellet press tool where four parameters were examined with respect to pellet quality responses. The study showed a narrow process window for pelletizing at around 5% moisture content. Further pelletizing studies in pilot scale demonstrated that higher moisture contents were needed for satisfying pellet quality. This indicated that there is a discrepancy between the material’s moisture content before pelletizing and at the actual moment of feed layer formation and pelletizing. By drying both torrefied and untreated material it was shown that torrefied materials dried at a significantly higher rate. Thus, observed uneven pellet production caused by feed layer breakage was related to the drying rate due to heat from friction in the pellet press channels. This was demonstrated by developing two methods for cooling the pelletizing process: one with direct cooling by water injection and one with indirect cooling by coils in the die, and hereby reduce drying and keep the moisture content at a level where pelletizing was possible. This showed that cooling of the pelletizing process can be beneficial for the pellet quality. The overall result for successful densification of thermally treated lignocellulosic biomass into a standardized commodity with high energy and bulk density stresses the need: (1) to find tools that characterize biomass facilitating suitable settings in the densification step; (2) to apply new innovative steps in sub-processes like cooling of the feed layer; and, finally, (3) to find matching combinations of torrefaction and pelletization

Valorizing Assorted Logging Residues: Response Surface Methodology in the Extraction Optimization of a Green Norway Spruce Needle-Rich Fraction To Obtain Valuable Bioactive Compounds

During stemwood harvesting, substantial volumes of logging residues are produced as a side stream. Nevertheless, industrially feasible processing methods supporting their use for other than energy generation purposes are scarce. Thus, the present study focuses on biorefinery processing, employing response surface methodology to optimize the pressurized extraction of industrially assorted needle-rich spruce logging residues with four solvents. Eighteen experimental points, including eight center point replicates, were used to optimize the extraction temperature (40–135 °C) and time (10–70 min). The extraction optimization for water, water with Na2CO3 + NaHSO3 addition, and aqueous ethanol was performed using yield, total dissolved solids (TDS), antioxidant activity (FRAP, ORAC), antibacterial properties (E. coli, S. aureus), total phenolic content (TPC), condensed tannin content, and degree of polymerization. For limonene, evaluated responses were yield, TDS, antioxidant activity (CUPRAC, DPPH), and TPC. Desirability surfaces were created using the responses showing a coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.7, statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05), precision > 4, and statistically insignificant lack-of-fit (p > 0.1). The optimal extraction conditions were 125 °C and 68 min for aqueous ethanol, 120 °C and 10 min for water, 111 °C and 49 min for water with Na2CO3 + NaHSO3 addition, and 134 °C and 41 min for limonene. The outcomes contribute insights to industrial logging residue utilization for value-added purposes

Toward a Theory of Effective Supranational Adjudication

Supranational adjudication in Europe is a remarkable and surprising success. Europe\u27s two supranational courts -- the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) -- issue dozens of judgments each year with which defending national governments habitually comply in essentially the same manner as they would with domestic court rulings. These experiences stand in striking contrast to those of many international tribunals past and present. Can the European experience of supranational adjudication be transplanted beyond Europe? Professors Helfer and Slaughter argue that the effectiveness of the ECJ and the ECHR is linked to their power to hear claims brought by private parties directly against national governments or against other private parties. Such supranational jurisdiction has allowed the European courts to penetrate the surface of the state, to forge direct relationships not only with individual citizens but also with distinct government institutions such as national courts. Over time, this penetration and the deepening relationships between supranational jurists and domestic legal actors have led to the evolution of a community of law, a web of nominally apolitical relations among subnational and supranational legal actors. The simple provision of supranational jurisdiction, however, is not a guarantee of effective adjudication. Drawing on the observations of scholars, practitioners, and judges, Professors Helfer and Slaughter develop a checklist of factors that enhance the effectiveness of supranational adjudication. They distinguish among those factors that are within the control of member states; those that are within the control of the judges themselves; and those that may be beyond the control of either states or judges. Isolating the factors in this way provides both a rough metric for evaluating the effectiveness of other supranational tribunals and a potential set of prescriptions for judges on those tribunals seeking to enhance their institutions\u27 effectiveness. After developing the checklist, Professors Helfer and Slaughter use it to analyze the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHRC). Although the UNHRC was established expressly as a committee of experts rather than a court, analysis of its recent practice reveals that it is becoming increasingly court-like. Moreover, within the constraints imposed by severely limited resources, UNHRC members are independently following many of the checklist prescriptions for increased effectiveness. The next step is for the organization to enter into a sustained dialogue with its European counterparts, harmonizing its decisions with theirs in some areas while consciously preserving its own distinctive jurisprudence in others. Structured and regular interaction between these tribunals would add additional voices to an emerging transjudicial conversation, potentially laying the foundation for a global community of law

Combining behavioural TOPSIS and six multi-criteria weighting methods to rank biomass fuel pellets for energy use in Sweden

EU energy and climate policies continue to drive interest in biomass fuel pellets which can be produced from a wide variety of feedstock. The use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to support feedstock selection has the potential for more transparent and better decision-making. This study applies the behavioural TOPSIS, a prominent MCDA technique, to rank pellets for energy use in Sweden produced from under-utilised forest and agricultural biomass. Seven criteria were used to assess and rank the biomass pellets. The alternatives include 88 types of pellets from 11 biomass materials. Possible attitudes of an expert towards the risk of losses (risk averse, risk neutral and risk-seeking) were combined with six sets of criteria weights obtained using six weighting methods – a total of 18 input settings (scenarios). Despite having different input settings, almost identical results were obtained in all scenarios, meaning that the rankings were stable and consistent. Across all 18 scenarios, pellets produced from a reference spruce/pine sawdust blend are ranked ahead of other pellet types. Pellets produced from Scots pine bark exhibited stable and consistent rankings across all scenarios; and thus this biomass is the second-best overall. The next best materials overall are poplar, reed canary grass and wheat straw, whereas torrefied pellets (torrefied beech, poplar and wheat straw) were ranked last in all scenarios. Combining behavioural TOPSIS and a variety of criteria-weighting methods is a meaningful way of improving decision-making with respect to producing a more valid and reliable ranking of biomass fuel pellets for energy use in Sweden

To Attend or Not—The Reasoning Behind Nursing Students’ Attendance at Lectures : A Qualitative Study

There is a rising tendency for students in higher education not to attend lectures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to describe the reasoning behind nursing students’ decisions on whether or not to attend lectures. This qualitative study was performed in a nursing education programme at a Swedish University. One hundred and thirty-one students participated. Data were collected through a questionnaire comprising open-ended questions. Qualitative content analysis was performed. The results are presented in eight categories: four concerning reasons for attending lectures and four concerning reasons for not attending lectures. Decisions, both to attend and to not attend lectures, were based on conscious choices guided by the students’ self-governing of their own personal needs for learning.publishedVersionPaid Open Acces

Miért hagytuk?: Szemelvények az elmúlt 25 évben született írásaimból

1990 óta mintegy 130 tanulmányt (köztük több könyvet) írtam a területi kormányzásról, jórészt a hazai önkormányzati rendszert fókuszba állítva, tehát van és volt mondanivalóm a kérdéskörben. Nem azért választottam a szemelvényes műfajt, korábbi írásaim ból válogatva, mert egyszerűbb és gyorsabb megoldásnak tűnt, nem beszélve az önfényezés kézenfekvő lehetőségéről, hanem azért, mert azt szeretném szemléltetni, hogy a szakma (jelentős része) kezdetektől fogva tisztában volt az önkormányzati rendszer előnyeivel és hátrányaival, s egyben képes is volt arra, hogy javaslatokat fogalmazzon meg a megoldásokra. Hogy 25 év alatt miért jártuk be a teljes decentralizációtól a szinte totális centralizációig terjedő göröngyös és nem is egyirányú utat, az sokkal inkább magyarázható a hazai politikai elit érdekei és értékei felől, illetve a reformdöntések körülményeivel. Ebben az évben záruló OTKA kutatásunk 1 reményeim szerint evidenciákkal alátámasztva igazolja ezt a feltételezést. Az összeállítás talán arra is alkalmas, hogy értékeljük a kormányzati reformokban a szakértői tudás szerepét