Keragaman Fenotipe Berdasarkan Sifat Kuantitatif Sapi Pesisir di Kecamatan Lengayang, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Sumatera Barat

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman fenotipe berdasarkan sifat kuantitatif sapi Pesisir di Kecamatan Lengayang, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Sumatera Barat. Materi dalam penelitian ini adalah 200 ekor sapi Pesisir yang dipelihara oleh peternak di Kecamatan Lengayang, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara quota sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata, standar deviasi dan koefisien keragaman sifat kuantitatif sapi Pesisir jantan dan betina. Koefisien keragaman panjang badan sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi pada I0 dan betina pada I0. Koefisien keragaman lingkar dada sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi pada I3 dan betina pada I0. Koefisien keragaman dalam dada sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi pada I3 dan betina pada I0. Koefisien keragaman lebar dada sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi pada I3 dan betina pada I4. Koefisien keragaman tinggi pundak sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi pada I3 dan betina pada I0. Koefisien keragaman tinggi pinggul sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi pada I1 dan betina pada I0. Koefisien keragaman lebar pinggul sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi pada I1 dan betina pada I2. Koefisien keragaman indeks kepala sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi pada I3 dan betina pada I0. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sifat kuantitatif ukuran-ukuran tubuh sapi Pesisir di Kecamatan Lengayang menunjukan adanya keragaman pada setiap tingkatan umur dan jenis kelamin. Nilai koefisien keragaman pada sapi Pesisir dikelompokkan berdasarkan tingkatan umur I0 I1 I2 I3 I4. Nilai koefisien keragaman sapi Pesisir jantan terendah yaitu pada lingkar dada I2 dan sapi Pesisir betina yaitu pada tinggi pundak I1. Nilai koefisien keragaman sapi Pesisir jantan tertinggi yaitu pada panjang badan I0 dan betina yaitu pada panjang badan I0. Kata kunci: Keragaman Fenotip, Quota Sampling, Sapi Pesisir, Sifat Kuantitatif, Ukuran Tubu

Prognostic Value of Single Nodal Zone Metastasis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer—A Multi-Institutional Study

Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and mediastinal lymph node involvement is an important negative prognostic factor. Nevertheless, the involvement of a single mediastinal nodal zone has been reported to have favorable outcomes. This study aims to assess whether the prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with single-zone lymph node involvement varies by the affected lymph node zone. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients affected by NSCLC with a single lymph node zone involvement who underwent anatomical resection. The prognosis of patients was statistically compared based on the different affected lymph node zones. Results: A total of 135 patients were enrolled. All patients underwent anatomical lung resection and systematic lymph node dissection. Lymph node involvement was observed in 50 cases (37%) for the upper zone, 36 cases (27%) for the aorto-pulmonary (AP) zone, 41 cases (30%) for the subcarinal zone and 8 cases (6%) for the lower zone. The median follow-up was 37 months [ranging from 1 to 115 months]. Cancer recurrence was reported in 64 cases (52%) during this period. The 2-year and 4-year overall survival (OS) were 69% and 49%, respectively. The 2-year and 4-year relapse-free survival (RFS) were 55% and 41%. The OS and RFS change relating to the different involved lymph node zones (p < 0.01). Lower zone involvement predicts worse prognosis, upper zone and subcarinal zone better outcomes, and the AP zone involvement intermediate survival. Conclusions: The location of the affected lymph nodes appears to be an important prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC, with significant impacts on both OS and RFS. It may play a key role in the disease progression and patient survival by providing more personalized therapy

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer characterized by a very poor prognosis. Exposure to asbestos is the leading cause of malignant pleural mesothelioma. The preinvasive lesions, the mesothelial hyperplasia and its possible evolution are the focus of the majority of the studies aiming to identify the treatable phase of the disease. The role of BAP-1 and MTAP in the diagnosis of mesothelioma in situ and in the prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma is the main topic of recent studies. The management of preinvasive lesions in mesothelioma is still unclear and many aspects are the subject of debate. The diagnosis, the disease staging and the accurate, comprehensive assessment of patients are three key instants for an appropriate management of patients/the disease

Identification of protein stability determinants in chloroplasts

Although chloroplast protein stability has long been recognised as a major level of post-translational regulation in photosynthesis and gene expression, the factors determining protein stability in plastids are largely unknown. Here, we have identified stability determinants in vivo by producing plants with transgenic chloroplasts that express a reporter protein whose N- and C-termini were systematically modified. We found that major stability determinants are located in the N-terminus. Moreover, testing of all 20 amino acids in the position after the initiator methionine revealed strong differences in protein stability and indicated an important role of the penultimate N-terminal amino acid residue in determining the protein half life. We propose that the stability of plastid proteins is largely determined by three factors: (i) the action of methionine aminopeptidase (the enzyme that removes the initiator methionine and exposes the penultimate N-terminal amino acid residue), (ii) an N-end rule-like protein degradation pathway, and (iii) additional sequence determinants in the N-terminal region

Sorting Signals, N-Terminal Modifications and Abundance of the Chloroplast Proteome

Characterization of the chloroplast proteome is needed to understand the essential contribution of the chloroplast to plant growth and development. Here we present a large scale analysis by nanoLC-Q-TOF and nanoLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) of ten independent chloroplast preparations from Arabidopsis thaliana which unambiguously identified 1325 proteins. Novel proteins include various kinases and putative nucleotide binding proteins. Based on repeated and independent MS based protein identifications requiring multiple matched peptide sequences, as well as literature, 916 nuclear-encoded proteins were assigned with high confidence to the plastid, of which 86% had a predicted chloroplast transit peptide (cTP). The protein abundance of soluble stromal proteins was calculated from normalized spectral counts from LTQ-Obitrap analysis and was found to cover four orders of magnitude. Comparison to gel-based quantification demonstrates that ‘spectral counting’ can provide large scale protein quantification for Arabidopsis. This quantitative information was used to determine possible biases for protein targeting prediction by TargetP and also to understand the significance of protein contaminants. The abundance data for 550 stromal proteins was used to understand abundance of metabolic pathways and chloroplast processes. We highlight the abundance of 48 stromal proteins involved in post-translational proteome homeostasis (including aminopeptidases, proteases, deformylases, chaperones, protein sorting components) and discuss the biological implications. N-terminal modifications were identified for a subset of nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded proteins and a novel N-terminal acetylation motif was discovered. Analysis of cTPs and their cleavage sites of Arabidopsis chloroplast proteins, as well as their predicted rice homologues, identified new species-dependent features, which will facilitate improved subcellular localization prediction. No evidence was found for suggested targeting via the secretory system. This study provides the most comprehensive chloroplast proteome analysis to date and an expanded Plant Proteome Database (PPDB) in which all MS data are projected on identified gene models

Loss of chloroplast protease SPPA function alters high light acclimation processes in Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.)

SPPA1 is a protease in the plastids of plants, located in non-appressed thylakoid regions. In this study, T-DNA insertion mutants of the single-copy SPPA1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (At1g73990) were examined. Mutation of SPPA1 had no effect on the growth and development of plants under moderate, non-stressful conditions. It also did not affect the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis as measured by dark-adapted Fv/Fm and light-adapted ΦPSII. Chloroplasts from sppA mutants were indistinguishable from the wild type. Loss of SPPA appears to affect photoprotective mechanisms during high light acclimation: mutant plants maintained a higher level of non-photochemical quenching of Photosystem II chlorophyll (NPQ) than the wild type, while wild-type plants accumulated more anthocyanin than the mutants. The quantum efficiency of Photosystem II was the same in all genotypes grown under low light, but was higher in wild type than mutants during high light acclimation. Further, the mutants retained the stress-related Early Light Inducible Protein (ELIP) longer than wild-type leaves during the early recovery period after acute high light plus cold treatment. These results suggest that SPPA1 may function during high light acclimation in the plastid, but is non-essential for growth and development under non-stress conditions

Blue flower, green light: love and desire in Wuthering Heights and in The Great Gatsby

openIn Wuthering Heights e The Great Gatsby si possono riscontrare diverse affinità: entrambi presentano una coppia separata dal destino, dove il protagonista maschile innalza la propria condizione sociale per poter raggiungere il proprio “fiore blu”, l’oggetto del desiderio che si tenta in tutti i modi di raggiungere senza però poterci mai riuscire, similmente alla luce verde al di là del molo in The Great Gatsby. Le somiglianze dei due capolavori verranno individuate nell’individuazione di cosa sia il fiore blu sia per i protagonisti maschili (Heathcliff e Gatsby) che femminili (Catherine e Daisy). Inoltre si vedrà come la reale storia d’amore fra F. S. Fitzgerald e sua moglie abbia molto in comune non solo con i personaggi del libro di cui l’uomo è autore, ma anche con quelli del romanzo di Emily Brontë

Il BIM per le costruzioni in legno prefabbricate: interoperabilità tra modellazione, analisi strutturale e produzione industriale

Il lavoro analizza le potenzilità del Building Information Modeling all'interno del percorso di progettazione per una tecnologia costruttiva di edifici prefabbricati in legno

WOMAN, QUEEN, GODDESS. Figures of Elizabeth I

openNel periodo rinascimentale la giustificazione di una donna al potere, in questo caso Elisabetta I, venne effettuata tramite la promozione di alcune figure di regine (come Didone e Cleopatra) e di divinità (Diana, Venere, e molte altre), permettendo così alla Regina Vergine di governare per 69 anni.In the early modern period the justification of a woman in power, in this case Elizabeth I, was carried out by the promotion of some figures of queens (such as Dido and Cleopatra) and of divinities (Diana, Venus and many more), thus allowing the Virgin Queen to rule for 69 years

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CLP PROTEASE SYSTEM IN ARABIDOPSIS CHLOROPLASTS THROUGH REVERSE GENETICS AND PROTEOMICS

Proteases play an important role in regulating protein maturation, activity and life-time. The Clp protease system in Arabidopsis thaliana plastids accumulates at relatively high levels and consists of a proteolytic core and associated chaperones. The core is an assembly of five different catalytic ClpP subunits, four non-catalytic ClpR subunits, and two ClpS proteins with unknown function. ClpR,S are unique to photosynthetic organisms. Three ATP-dependent chaperones, ClpC1,C2,D, are expected to deliver substrates to the ClpPRS core. Control of Clp activity is not understood and Clp substrates are unknown. Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion Clp mutants were isolated and genotyped. Null mutants for ClpP4,P5 are embryo-lethal under both auto- and heterotrophic conditions. Mutants of ClpP3,R4 did not form seedlings under autotrophic conditions but developed albino seedlings under heterotrophic conditions, displaying limited greening under low light. Null mutants for the chaperones ClpC1 and ClpD have pale-green and wild-type phenotypes, respectively. ClpP,R core subunits are likely essential, while there are redundancies in the ClpC,D subfamily. Two mutants with partial loss of gene expression for ClpR1 and ClpR2 (clpr2-1) exhibited pale-green phenotypes, with clpr2-1 having a stronger phenotype. ClpR2 protein accumulation in clpr2-1 chloroplasts was 5-fold reduced, while the ClpPRS core was 3-fold downregulated, suggesting an induction of core composition heterogeneity. Stromal chaperones were upregulated several fold and ClpC was recruited to the thylakoid membrane. Thylakoid protein homeostasis was unbalanced as deduced from increased accumulation of thylakoid proteases, plastoglobules, protein precursors and degradation products. Clpr2-1 chloroplasts were smaller, with 30% less thylakoids than wild-type. Clearly, ClpR2 is not a redundant member of the Clp family and reduced CLPR2 gene expression has adverse effects on plastid and plant development. A comparative proteome analysis using differential stable isotope labeling of clpr2-1 and wild-type stroma identified 298 proteins, and 113 were quantified. The Calvin cycle was down-regulated, explaining the slower development of clpr2-1. The most striking response was the high accumulation of the chloroplast protein translation machinery and chaperones. This suggests that the ClpPRS core complex may be involved in regulation of plastid gene expression, providing a first understanding of the functional role of the Clp family in plastids.This work was supported by the grants from the National Sciece Foundation (NSF, #MCB 0343444) and the US Department of Energy (DOE, DE-FG02-04ER15560) to Klaas Jan van Wij