Sufficient conditions for generalized Sakaguchi type functions of order β

In this paper, we obtain some sufficient conditions for generalized Sakaguchi type function of order β, defined on the open unit disk. Many interesting outcomes of our results are also calculated.Publisher's Versio

Improved Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pilot Scale Pretreated Rice Straw at High Total Solids Loading

Enzymatic hydrolysis at high solids loading has the potential to reduce both capital and operational expenditures. Here, pretreatment of rice straw (PRS) with dilute acid was carried out at a pilot scale (250 kg per day) at 162°C for 10 min and 0.35% acid concentration, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis at different total solids loadings. It showed that although the total sugar concentration increased from 48 to 132 g/l, glucan conversion reduced by 27% (84–66.2%) with increasing solids from 5 to 20% in batch mode. Therefore, two different fed-batch approaches were evaluated to improve the glucan conversion by the sequential addition of a substrate and/or enzyme. At 20% solid loadings and a 3 filter paper units/g enzyme dosage, the highest glucan conversion obtained was 66% after 30 h of hydrolysis in batch mode. However, in an optimized fed-batch approach, the glucan yield was improved to 70% by simply dividing the substrate feeding into three batches, that is, 50% at 0 h, 25% each after 4 h, and 8 h of hydrolysis reaction. The addition of surfactant (Ecosurf E6) further improved the conversion to 72% after 30 h. The role of critical factors, that is, inhibitors, enzyme–lignin binding, and viscosity, was investigated during the course of hydrolysis in the batch and fed-batch approaches. This study suggests a sustainable approach for improved hydrolysis at high solids loadings by fine-tuning a simple process

Synergistic Enzyme Cocktail to Enhance Hydrolysis of Steam Exploded Wheat Straw at Pilot Scale

Multiple enzymes are required for efficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and no wild type organism is capable of producing all enzymes in desired levels. In this study, steam explosion of wheat straw was carried out at pilot scale and a synthetic enzyme mixture (EnzMix) was developed by partially replacing the cellulase with critical dosages of commercially available accessory enzymes (β-glucosidase, xylanase and laccase) through central composite design. Highest degree of synergism (DS) was observed with β-glucosidase (1.68) followed by xylanase (1.36). Finally, benchmarking of EnzMix (Celluclast, β-glucosidase and xylanase in a protein ratio of 20.40: 38.43: 41.16, respectively) and other leading commercial enzymes was carried out. Interestingly, hydrolysis improved by 75% at 6 h and 30% at 24 h, respectively in comparison of control. By this approach, 25% reduction in enzyme dosage was observed for obtaining the same hydrolysis yield with opitimized enzyme cocktail. Thus, development of enzyme cocktail is an effective and sustainable approach for high hydrolysis efficiency

Oxidation of substituted alkynes catalyzed by a non-heme iron(III) bis benzimidazole diamide complex as catalyst under ambient conditions

658-663Bis-benzimidazole diamide ligand, N,N′- bis(2-methylbenzimidazolyl) hexanediamide [GBHA = L], and its Fe(III) complexes have been synthesized. The Fe(III) complexes have been analyzed for the composition [Fe(L)X3].nH2O where X is an exogenous anionic ligand (X=Cl¯, NO3­¯) and characterized by IR, UV-visible, cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy. Low temperature EPR spectra have been obtained for the complexes that indicate rhombic geometry environment in solution state. Oxidation of substituted alkynes has been investigated using these Fe(III) complexes as catalyst with TBHP and H2O2 as an alternate source of oxygen. The isolated products have been characterized by GC-MS

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the vulva – a rare occurrence

Vulval tumours are rare, representing merely 4% of all gynaecological neoplasms. 98% of vulvar lesions are benign, and only 2% are malignant. Of all vulvar malignancies, while squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy, leiomyosarcomas of the vulva are extremely rare. Usually these tumours have nonspecific clinical manifestations, often leading to misdiagnoses of Bartholin cysts or abscesses. We describe a case of a 47-year-old woman who presented with a nonspecific painless swelling in the left vulva for 2 months which was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma of the vulva on biopsy as well as resection

Tumor lysis syndrome developing intraoperatively

Tumor lysis syndrome is a potentially life threatening condition which is most commonly encountered in patients being treated with chemotherapy. We report a case of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome that developed intraoperatively in a patient with undiagnosed Burkitt's lymphoma. Characteristic electrolyte disturbances and white emulsion like urine following laparotomy and tumor handling intraoperatively suggested the diagnosis. This is a rare perioperative complication and the report emphasizes the importance of being vigilant in recognizing the same

Intramolecularly H-bonded bis-benzimidazole diamide ligand and its Mn(II) complexes: Synthesis, spectral and electrochemical studies

159-166New manganese(II) complexes with a diamide ligand N,N'-bis(benzimidazolyl-2yl)(methyl)pentane diamide have been synthesized with the general composition [Mn(GBGA)2X2] where X = Cl-, CH3COO-, SCN-, ClO4-. The ligand has been structurally characterized and has been found to adopt a helical structure stabilized by strong intramolecular and intermolecular H-bonding. The ligand crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions: a = 14.180(5) Å, b = 8.454(5) Å, c = 19.353(5) Å, = 90.000°, β=108.232(5)°, = 90.000° and Z=2. X-band solid state EPR spectra for the Mn(II) complexes have been obtained indicating weakly distorted octahedral complexes with D ranging between 0.05-0.14 cm-1. Cyclic votammograms display a quasi-reversible redox wave. The E1/2 values follow the order: SCN- 3COO- - ~ ClO4-. Quenching of superoxide anion is studied by cyclic voltammetry. From the plot of total peak current versus concentration of the added Mn(II) catalysts, the break points and turnover of catalyst have been evaluated

Bacteriological evaluation of packaged bottled water sold at Jaipur city and its public health significance

Aim: The study was carried out to investigate the microbiological quality of packaged drinking water marketed in Jaipur city. Material and Methods: In the present study 'twenty' drinking water samples (15 water bottles and 5 sachets) of different brands purchased randomly, were evaluated to access the water quality on the basis of different bacteriological parameters. Result: Out of twenty, 50% samples were found unsatisfactory in standard plate count. Psychrophillic, coliforms, E. coli and staphylococcal counts revealed that 25%, 45%, 20%, and 5% samples respectively were found unfit for human consumption as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) of drinking water. On the basis of results of overall microbiological assessment 55% of samples proved to be unfit for consumption. All brands of water sachet (100%) had high coliforms count which indicates faecal contamination. Amongst those sachets two brands (40%) had presence of E. coli and all the sachet water brands fell below drinking water standards while out of fifteen brands of bottled water 6 samples contained higher microbiological value hence unfit for human consumption. Conclusion: Local brands of packaged drinking water were found unfit for human condumption. So it is suggested that government should intensify the efforts in the monitoring of activities in this rapidly expanding industry with a view to supply potable and wholesome water to the public. [Vet World 2013; 6(1.000): 27-30