Riego y aclareo de racimos : efectos en la actividad fisiolofica, en el control del rendimiento y en la calidad de la uva del cv. tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.)

La tesis doctoral se ha realizado con el fin de profundizar en el estudio de la influencia de la aplicación del riego y del control del rendimiento a través del aclareo de racimos en la producción de vid. El factor principal fue el régimen hídrico: no riego, y cubriendo el 40% de la evapotranspiración de referencia. El factor secundario fue el aclareo de racimos, con un tratamiento control, y otro y suprimiendo el 40% de los racimos. En primer lugar se realiza la caracterización de la superficie foliar total, tanto en los pámpanos princiaples como en lso anticipados, y de la superficie foliar externa. Asimismo, se estudia la evolución estacional del contenido de agua en el suelo en los regímenes hídricos planteados. En la segunda parte del trabajo se analiza la evolución diaria y la estacional, durante el periodo de maduración, del potencial hídrico foliar, y se desarrolla el estudio ecofisiológico a través de la conductancia estomática, la transpiraicón y la fotosíntesis neta en hojas adultas bien ilumindas. En la tercera parte se evalúa la respuesta agronómica de la vid al riego y al aclareo de racimos, se analiza la productividad global a través de la acumulación de materia seca en los distintos órganos renovables de la cepa, desglosada en pámpanos principales y en anticipados. Segundo, se evaluá el peso de la madera de poda como indicador del desarrollo y el vigor. Tercero, se estudia, tanto la producción de uva y sus componentes, como la producción total de azúcar y la relación entre el rendimiento y la madera de poda. Y cuarto, se evalúa la calidad e la uva a través del análisis de los parámetros básicos del mosto: concentración de azúcar (ºBrix), acidez total y pH. El régimen hídrico se ha mostrado como un factor decisivo en las diferencias encontradas en las respuestas fisiológicas de la planta a nivel de hoja, así como en las respuestas observadas a nivel de planta y de cultivo. El aclareo de racimos se ha mostrado poco decisivo en el comportamiento fisiológico a nivel de hoja. La influencia en la composición del mosto es importante, contribuyendo a aumentar el ºBrix y a reducir la acidez total

Plasmodium diversity in non-malaria individuals from the Bioko Island in Equatorial Guinea (West Central-Africa)

BACKGROUND: In this paper we analyse the Plasmodium sp. prevalence in three villages with different isolation status on the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea) where malaria is a hyper-endemic disease. We also describe the genetic diversity of P. falciparum, using several plasmodia proteins as markers which show a high degree of polymorphism (MSP-1 and MSP-2). The results obtained from three different populations are compared in order to establish the impact of human movements and interventions. METHODS: Plasmodium sp. were analysed in three villages on Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), one of which (Southern) is isolated by geographical barriers. The semi-nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to determine the prevalence of the four human plasmodia species. The genotyping and frequency of P. falciparum populations were determined by PCR assay target polymorphism regions of the merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 genes (MSP-1 and MSP-2). RESULTS: The data obtained show that there are no differences in plasmodia population flow between the Northwest and Eastern regions as regards the prevalence of the different Plasmodium species. The Southern population, on the other hand, shows a minor presence of P. malariae and a higher prevalence of P. ovale, suggesting some kind of transmission isolated from the other two. The P. falciparum genotyping in the different regions points to a considerable allelic diversity in the parasite population on Bioko Island, although this is somewhat higher in the Southern region than the others. There was a correlation between parasitaemia levels and the age of the individual with the multiplicity of infection (MOI). CONCLUSION: Results could be explained by the selection of particular MSP alleles. This would tend to limit diversity in the parasite population and leading up to the extinction of rare alleles. On the other hand, the parasite population in the isolated village has less outside influence and the diversity of P. falciparum is maintained higher. The knowledge of parasite populations and their relationships is necessary to study their implications for control intervention

Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties

Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020–2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cariñena Roja (Cataluña, INCAVI), Mandrègue (Aragón, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density

Shape study of the N = Z nucleus Kr-72 via beta decay

10 pags.; 11 figs.; 2 tabs.; PACS number(s): 23.40.Hc, 29.30.Kv, 27.50.+e, 21.10.Pc; Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 3.0The beta decay of the N = Z nucleus Kr-72 has been studied with the total absorption spectroscopy technique at ISOLDE (CERN). A total B(GT) = 0.79(4)g(A)(2)/4 pi has been found up to an excitation energy of 2.7 MeV. The B(GT) distribution obtained is compared with predictions from state-of-the-art theoretical calculations to learn about the ground state deformation of Kr-72. Although a dominant oblate deformation is suggested by direct comparison with quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) calculations, beyond-mean-field and shell-model calculations favor a large oblate-prolate mixing in the ground state. Published by the American Physical SocietyJ.A.B. acknowledges the predoctoral grant BES-2008-009412 associated with the research project FPA2007-62170 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain). This work has ´ been partly supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through projects FPA2012- 32443, FPA2011-24553, FPA2011-29854-C04-01, FPA2013- 41267-P, FPA2014-52823-C2-1-P and FIS2011-23565, by STFC-UK (Grant No. ST/F012012/1) and by the European Union by means of the European Commission within its Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) via ENSAR (Contract No. 262010)Peer Reviewe

Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties

Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020–2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cariñena Roja (Cataluña, INCAVI), Mandrègue (Aragón, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density.This work, performed by the VIOR (Viticultura, Olivo y Rosa) group of the Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), forms part of the project “Valorización de variedades minoritarias de vid por su potencial para la diversificación vitivinícola. Resiliencia a enfermedades fúngicas influenciadas por el cambio climático” (MINORVIN) (RTI 2018-101085-RC32), funded by MCIN/AEI/, 10.13039/501100011033 and the European Regional Development Fund.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ERK5/BMK1 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL: implication in clear cell renal carcinoma

Hi ha quatre pàgines de material suplementari sense numeracióExtracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, is implicated in a wide range of biologic processes, which include proliferation or vascularization. Here, we show that ERK5 is degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, in a process mediated by the tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, through a prolyl hydroxylation-dependent mechanism. Our conclusions derive from transient transfection assays in Cos7 cells, as well as the study of endogenous ERK5 in different experimental systems such as MCF7, HMEC, or Caki-2 cell lines. In fact, the specific knockdown of ERK5 in pVHL-negative cell lines promotes a decrease in proliferation and migration, supporting the role of this MAPK in cellular transformation. Furthermore, in a short series of fresh samples from human clear cell renal cell carcinoma, high levels of ERK5 correlate with more aggressive and metastatic stages of the disease. Therefore, our results provide new biochemical data suggesting that ERK5 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL, opening a new field of research on the role of ERK5 in renal carcinomas

Instagram como herramienta de aprendizaje en Fisiología: @fisiofarma_us

Las redes sociales (RR.SS.) forman parte de nuestra vida diaria convirtiéndose en una de las principales vías de comunicación y búsqueda de información, especialmente entre los más jóvenes. Entre los usuarios que usan de las RR.SS., un gran número son estudiantes universitarios; y entre los temas más tratados se encuentran aquellos relativos a temáticas de ciencias de la salud. Es por ello por lo que desde el Departamento de Fisiología de la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Sevilla se desarrolló un proyecto de innovación docente durante el curso 2021-2022 cuyo objetivo era la utilización de las RR.SS. para el aprendizaje de las materias impartidas en nuestro departamento, analizando los posibles beneficios derivado del uso de esta por parte de nuestros estudiantes y profesores. Esta actividad consistió en el desarrollo de contenido divulgativo relativo a la Fisiología por parte de estudiantes del Grado en Farmacia, Grado en Óptica-optometría y Doble Grado en ambos, de nuestro Centro para posteriormente ser publicado en una cuenta de Instagram creada para tal fin (@fisiofarma_us). La opinión tanto de los estudiantes como del profesorado sobre el proyecto fue recogida a través de la encuesta al finalizar el proyecto, y se realizó un registro del impacto en la RR.SS. (seguidores, interacciones, etc). Nuestra cuenta Instagram tuvo un gran impacto en RR.SS. Entre los resultados a destacar, los estudiantes consideran que esta actividad ha favorecido su interés por la Fisiología y tanto estudiantes como profesores creen que esta actividad favoreció diferentes herramientas de aprendizaje. Estos resultados nos hacen concluir que el uso adecuado de las RR.SS. puede ser un método efectivo de aprendizaje e incentivo para fomentar una mejor compresión de las asignaturas de Fisiología en grados universitarios de ciencias de la salud, como Farmacia u Óptica-optometría.: Social networks (RR.SS.) have become an integral part of our daily lives and serve as one of the primary means of communication and information retrieval, particularly among younger. A significant proportion of RR.SS. users are university students, and health science topics are among the most frequently discussed subjects. Considering this, the Department of Physiology at the Facultyof Pharmacy at the University of Seville initiated a teaching innovation project during the 2021-2022 academic year. This project aimed to use RR.SS. as a tool for learning the subjects taught within our department and to analyse the potential benefits that could be derived from its use by our students and members of the physiology department. This initiative involved the creation of informative content related to Physiology by students enrolled in the Degree in Pharmacy, Degree in OpticsOptometry, and Double Degree programs at our faculty. This content was subsequently published on an Instagram account created explicitly for this purpose (@fisiofarma_us). At the end of the project, feedback was obtained from both students and professors of the physiology department via a survey, and data about the impact of our initiative on RR.SS. (e.g., number of followers, interactions, and others) was recorded. Our Instagram account generated considerable interest on RR.SS. Notably, students reported that this activity increased their stake in Physiology, and both students and faculty members indicated that it facilitated the use of various learning tools. Based on these findings, we conclude that the use of RR.SS. can effectively enhance learning and promote a deeper understanding of Physiology-related subjects among students enrolled in university-level health science programs such as Pharmacy or Optics-Optometr

El pensamiento reflexivo a través de las metodologías narrativas: experiencias de innovación en educación superior

Coordinació: Marta Sabariego PuigEste cuaderno es fruto de dos proyectos concedidos en las convocatorias de ayudas a la investigación en docencia universitaria (REDI- CE14-1511 y REDICE16-1660). Están centrados en el estudio de las metodologías de carácter narrativo y (auto)biográfico (Suárez, 2011) sobre el pensamiento reflexivo para el desarrollo personal y profesional del alumnado universitario. Ambos proyectos han permitido la consolidación de una comunidad de práctica, una red interuniversitaria e interdisciplinar de profesorado docente e investigador que tiene como finalidad profundizar en la base teórica, la sistematización y la validación de las experiencias de innovación para el fomento del pensamiento reflexivo a través de las metodologías narrativas. El cuaderno es el producto del análisis colectivo de las experiencias desarrolladas y los resultados obtenidos, vinculando la investigación con la innovación para una docencia de calidad que nos lleve a pensar sobre el valor de una de las vías más importantes para construir y reconstruir significados en las actividades de enseñanza y aprendizaje que se plantean en el espacio universitario: la reflexión. El texto está organizado en dos secciones. La primera recoge tres apartados teóricos sobre la fundamentación conceptual del pensamiento reflexivo, las características de los espacios de aprendizaje favorables al desarrollo de esta competencia básica para el aprendizaje en la Universidad y el valor de los dispositivos narrativos diseñados. La segunda sección engloba diez experiencias innovadoras que ilustran el desarrollo de un aprendizaje más reflexivo en el alumnado vía escritura narrativa. Finalmente, el cuaderno concluye con propuestas para contribuir a la renovación y validación de una actividad docente organizada y estructurada a este efecto en la educación superio