El amante liberal y la importancia del territorio en la cuestión matrimonial

The author of El amante Liberal sets the plot in times of the territorial conflict between Christians and Ottomans, the characters know well the legislations of both peoples and deal with them to achieve the desired end to their adventures, that is, marriage. The interpretation and combination of these legal and social rules represent an unknown aspect to the reader of our times. In this article I will analyze the key factors that both societies impose around the marital question. This objective demands a study of Muslim laws, canons of Council of Trent and manuals about good behavior written by who is considered to be the important humanist of Spain’s Golden Age.La novela El amante Liberal sitúa la trama en el conflicto territorial entre cristianos y otomanos, los personajes sortean y conocen muy bien ambas legislaciones para conseguir darle a sus aventuras el final deseado, las nupcias. Sin embargo, para el lector actual la interpretación y combinación de ambas normativas legales y sociales resulta un aspecto desconocido. A lo largo del artículo realizaré un análisis de los puntos clave que ambas sociedades imponen en torno a la cuestión matrimonial, lo cual exige un estudio del derecho musulmán, de los cánones del Concilio de Trento y de los manuales escritos por los principales humanistas sobre el comportamiento óptimo en la sociedad de los Siglos de Oro

El matrimonio en las Novelas ejemplares y el Quijote: la influencia del modelo histórico, social y legal de los siglos XVI y XVII

La presente tesis doctoral aborda la cuestión matrimonial en todas sus facetas en dos obras cervantinas: las Novelas Ejemplares (1613) y el Quijote (1605; 1615). Se trata de un trabajo interdisciplinar que pretende aunar las distintas disciplinas humanísticas y sociales para aportar al texto literario un mayor grado de comprensión y de trascendencia. A través del estudio de las tramas conyugales que Cervantes recrea en sus distintas novelas podemos aprender cosas sobre la importancia de este estado en la sociedad aurea, de los problemas que suscitaba y especialmente los distintos modos de resolver cada conflicto. La presencia del matrimonio en la obra cervantina es realmente relevante, y así lo han afirmado distintos estudiosos como Marcel de Bataillon (1974) o Robert Piluso (1967), por lo que precisa de un análisis exhaustivo. A medida que se profundiza en cada caso matrimonial comprendemos que Cervantes conocía muy bien la comunidad en la que vivía, los sentimientos y necesidades de sus ciudadanos y la normativa vigente. Factores que le permiten crear relatos sorprendentes con conclusiones novedosas y personalizadas para cada personaje, sin ser objeto de ningún juicio de carácter legal o moral. La falta de censura llama la atención, pues en ambas obras encontramos cómo las parejas construyen su relación con bases delictivas, como son el rapto, la violación, el engaño, el adulterio, la bigamia o la violencia, cuyos desenlaces no siguen las pautas legales. También se incluye entre el repertorio seleccionado la cuestión del celibato, tanto en varones como en mujeres, un debate que será abordado en profundidad..

Programa de intervención desde terapia ocupacional para la dislexia en educación primaria

La dislexia es un trastorno específico del aprendizaje que ha intentado ser descrito y clasificado por multitud de autores desde finales del siglo XIX, sin embargo, se siguen encontrando limitaciones en su abordaje. Por otro lado, los escolares en los que se manifiesta, presentan grandes limitaciones en su desempeño educativo, lo que sugiere la necesidad de diseñar una intervención eficaz. El objetivo de este programa es prevenir el fracaso escolar al que predispone la dislexia evolutiva, en niños de 6 a 9 años, mediante una intervención realizada desde terapia ocupacional en el marco escolar, con el que se abordarán los déficits asociados al trastorno. Para llevarlo a cabo se ha seleccionado el Modelo de Ocupación Humana y el marco de trabajo de la AOTA. Además, se utilizan una serie de herramientas estandarizadas para realizar una valoración de los niños que permite distribuirlos y determinar su inclusión al programa: perfil de intereses pediátrico, balance psicomotor de Picq y Vayer, test de dominancia lateral de Harris y test de integración visomotora. En el desarrollo se expone el modo de implementar la intervención, así como la evaluación de los resultados esperados, siendo estos la mejora de la participación y del desempeño ocupacional en el entorno educativo. En conclusión, la dislexia es un concepto complejo sujeto a muchas controversias, con el cual se debe llevar a cabo una intervención integral.<br /

Oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and neurotransmission in freshwater snail (Pomacea patula) exposed to a water-accommodated fraction of crude oil

Background. Crude oil is a super mixture of chemical compounds and is commonly found in aquatic environments. The tegogolo (Pomacea patula Baker, 1922) is a Mexican freshwater snail endemic to Lake Catemaco in Veracruz; currently, however, its distribution has expanded to many freshwater ecosystems that suffer the impact of crude oil spills and oil byproducts like fuels. Goals. To assess a series of biomarkers involved in oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and fatty acid metabolism in tegogolos exposed to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Maya crude oil (MCO). Methods. Tegogolo specimens were exposed to WAF of MCO obtained from loads of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L. We evaluated ROS ( O2 -* and H2O2), oxidative stress (TBARS and RC=O), enzymes involved in antioxidant defense (SOD, CAT, and GPx), some enzymes involved in neurotransmission (AChE, GDA, and CbE activities), and biomarkers of fatty acids metabolism (fatty acids levels and AOX activity). Results. Clear biomarkers responses were observed only in some tissues. ROS were clearly higher than controls in the foot, head, and kidney; however, others biomarkers of oxidative stress remain statistically unchanged. SOD response was irregular with respect to controls and treatments. In contrast, CAT (foot) and GPx (foot and intestine) were the more active enzymes and their activities were higher than in controls. The responses of some enzymes involved in neurotransmission suggest that compensation mechanisms exist between AChE and GDA in the foot and head. Fatty acids metabolism increased with exposure to WAF; however, these types of biomarkers seem unsuitable for monitoring the toxic effects produced by WAF at low environmental concentrations. Conclusions. We can conclude that under the exposure conditions discussed herein, the tegogolos showed acclimation to WAF of Maya crude oil by complex mechanisms.Background. Crude oil is a super mixture of chemical compounds and is commonly found in aquatic environments. The tegogolo (Pomacea patula Baker, 1922) is a Mexican freshwater snail endemic to Lake Catemaco in Veracruz; currently, however, its distribution has expanded to many freshwater ecosystems that suffer the impact of crude oil spills and oil byproducts like fuels. Goals. To assess a series of biomarkers involved in oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and fatty acid metabolism in tegogolos exposed to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Maya crude oil (MCO). Methods. Tegogolo specimens were exposed to WAF of MCO obtained from loads of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L. We evaluated ROS ( O2-* and H2O2), oxidative stress (TBARS and RC=O), enzymes involved in antioxidant defense (SOD, CAT, and GPx), some enzymes involved in neurotransmission (AChE, GDA, and CbE activities), and biomarkers of fatty acids metabolism (fatty acids levels and AOX activity). Results. Clear biomarkers responses were observed only in some tissues. ROS were clearly higher than controls in the foot, head, and kidney; however, others biomarkers of oxidative stress remain statistically unchanged. SOD response was irregular with respect to controls and treatments. In contrast, CAT (foot) and GPx (foot and intestine) were the more active enzymes and their activities were higher than in controls. The responses of some enzymes involved in neurotransmission suggest that compensation mechanisms exist between AChE and GDA in the foot and head. Fatty acids metabolism increased with exposure to WAF; however, these types of biomarkers seem unsuitable for monitoring the toxic effects produced by WAF at low environmental concentrations. Conclusions. We can conclude that under the exposure conditions discussed herein, the tegogolos showed acclimation to WAF of Maya crude oil by complex mechanisms.Background. Crude oil is a super mixture of chemical compounds and is commonly found in aquatic environments. Thetegogolo (Pomacea patula Baker, 1922) is a Mexican freshwater snail endemic to Lake Catemaco in Veracruz; currently,however, its distribution has expanded to many freshwater ecosystems that suffer the impact of crude oil spills and oilbyproducts like fuels. Goals. To assess a series of biomarkers involved in oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and fatty acidmetabolism in tegogolos exposed to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Maya crude oil (MCO). Methods. Tegogolospecimens were exposed to WAF of MCO obtained from loads of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L. We evaluated ROS ( O2-* and H2O2),oxidative stress (TBARS and RC=O), enzymes involved in antioxidant defense (SOD, CAT, and GPx), some enzymes involvedin neurotransmission (AChE, GDA, and CbE activities), and biomarkers of fatty acids metabolism (fatty acids levels and AOXactivity). Results. Clear biomarkers responses were observed only in some tissues. ROS were clearly higher than controls inthe foot, head, and kidney; however, others biomarkers of oxidative stress remain statistically unchanged. SOD response wasirregular with respect to controls and treatments. In contrast, CAT (foot) and GPx (foot and intestine) were the more activeenzymes and their activities were higher than in controls. The responses of some enzymes involved in neurotransmission suggestthat compensation mechanisms exist between AChE and GDA in the foot and head. Fatty acids metabolism increasedwith exposure to WAF; however, these types of biomarkers seem unsuitable for monitoring the toxic effects produced by WAFat low environmental concentrations. Conclusions. We can conclude that under the exposure conditions discussed herein,the tegogolos showed acclimation to WAF of Maya crude oil by complex mechanisms

Relação do consumo de álcool e controle parental com o início das relações sexuais dos adolescentes escolarizados da Colômbia

This study intends to assess whether there is a relationship between alcohol use/parental monitoring and the onset of sexual intercourse among teenagers. The aim is to identify the relationship between sexual debut and alcohol consumption, the relationship between sexual debut and parental monitoring, and finally, to compare parental monitoring results according to the perception of parents and children. A sample of 1916 students and 570 parents is taken. The methodological design is of a cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive type and is analyzed by means of the SPSS v.22 tool. Results suggest that there is a relationship between sexual debut, alcohol use, and low level of monitoring. Perception about the monitoring exercised by parents on their children’s whereabouts, activities, and relationships is similar in both groups (adolescents and parents). It is concluded that there is a need for planning and performing programs for the prevention of alcohol use and early sexual debut among adolescents that promote family participation, considering the fact that paren- tal monitoring is a protection factor.El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar si existe relación del consumo de alcohol y el monitoreo parental con el inicio de las relaciones sexuales de los adolescentes. Se buscó identificar la relación entre el inicio sexual y el consumo de alcohol, la relación entre el inicio sexual y el monitoreo parental, y, finalmente, comparar los resultados del monitoreo parental según la percepción de los padres y de los hijos. Se toma una muestra de 1916 estudiantes y 570 padres. El diseño metodológico es de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, transversal, y se analiza por medio de la herramienta SPSS&nbsp;v.22. Los resultados indican que existe una relación entre el inicio de la vida sexual, el consumo de alcohol y el bajo nivel de monitoreo. La percepción del monitoreo ejercido por los padres en cuanto al paradero, las actividades y las relaciones de los hijos es similar en los dos grupos (adolescentes y padres). Los resultados permiten concluir la necesidad de planeación y ejecución de programas de prevención del consumo de alcohol y del inicio temprano de la actividad sexual en adolescentes, lo cual promueva la participación de la familia en consideración al monitoreo parental como factor protector.O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se existe associação entre o consumo de álcool e o con- trole parental com o início das relações sexuais dos adolescentes. Buscou-se identificar a associação entre o início sexual e o consumo de álcool, a relação entre o início sexual e o controle parental, e, finalmente, comparar os resultados do monitoramento parental segundo a percepção dos pais e dos filhos. Para isso, contou-se com uma amostra de 1.916 estudantes e 570 pais. O desenho metodológico é de tipo descritivo correlacional, transversal; a análise foi realizada com a ferramenta SPSS v.22. Os resultados indicam que existe uma relação entre o início da vida sexual, o consumo de álcool e o baixo nível de monitoramento. A percepção do monitoramento exercido pelos pais quanto ao paradeiro, às atividades e aos relacionamentos dos filhos é semelhante nos dois grupos (adolescentes e pais). Os resultados permitem concluir a necessidade de planejamento e execução de programas de prevenção do consumo de álcool e do início precoce da atividade sexual em adolescentes, o que promove a participação da família no que se refere ao controle parental como fator protetor

Impact of the lanthanide size on the polymorphism and electrical properties of Ln5.4MoO11.1 (Ln = Nd, Sm and Gd)

Mixed proton-electronic conductors are of great interest for high temperature electrochemical devices, such as hydrogen separation membranes. In this contribution, ceramics with composition Ln5.4MoO11.1 (Ln = Nd, Sm and Gd) were prepared by a freeze-drying precursor method. The resulting powders were sintered at 1500 ◦C and cooled down at different rates to investigate the different polymorphic forms: quenching (rapid cooling), 5 and 0.5 ◦C min 1. The ceramics were characterized by different techniques: X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies and X-ray photoelectron and impedance spectroscopies. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that all materials are single phase regardless of the cooling rate used. Those cooled by quenching present a simple cubic fluorite structure. At lower rates, 5 and 0.5 ◦C min 1, the cubic symmetry is stabilized as the size of the lanthanide decreases. However, electron diffraction studies indicated the formation of domains with superstructure ordering. Furthermore, XPS analysis showed the presence of mixed Mo6+ and Mo5+ for all compositions, which explains the electronic conduction in an oxidizing atmosphere. All materials are stable in reducing atmosphere and the ionic and electronic conductivities show opposite trends as the ionic radii of the lanthanide element becomes smaller, where the former decreases and the latter increases

Fortification and bioaccessibility of saffron apocarotenoids in potato tubers

Carotenoids are C40 isoprenoids with well-established roles in photosynthesis, pollination, photoprotection, and hormone biosynthesis. The enzymatic or ROS-induced cleavage of carotenoids generates a group of compounds named apocarotenoids, with an increasing interest by virtue of their metabolic, physiological, and ecological activities. Both classes are used industrially in a variety of fields as colorants, supplements, and bio-actives. Crocins and picrocrocin, two saffron apocarotenoids, are examples of high-value pigments utilized in the food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a unique construct was achieved, namely O6, which contains CsCCD2L, UGT74AD1, and UGT709G1 genes responsible for the biosynthesis of saffron apocarotenoids driven by a patatin promoter for the generation of potato tubers producing crocins and picrocrocin. Different tuber potatoes accumulated crocins and picrocrocin ranging from 19.41-360 to 105-800 mu g/g DW, respectively, with crocetin, crocin 1 [(crocetin-(beta-D-glucosyl)-ester)] and crocin 2 [(crocetin)-(beta-D-glucosyl)-(beta-D-glucosyl)-ester)] being the main compounds detected. The pattern of carotenoids and apocarotenoids were distinct between wild type and transgenic tubers and were related to changes in the expression of the pathway genes, especially from PSY2, CCD1, and CCD4. In addition, the engineered tubers showed higher antioxidant capacity, up to almost 4-fold more than the wild type, which is a promising sign for the potential health advantages of these lines. In order to better investigate these aspects, different cooking methods were applied, and each process displayed a significant impact on the retention of apocarotenoids. More in detail, the in vitro bioaccessibility of these metabolites was found to be higher in boiled potatoes (97.23%) compared to raw, baked, and fried ones (80.97, 78.96, and 76.18%, respectively). Overall, this work shows that potatoes can be engineered to accumulate saffron apocarotenoids that, when consumed, can potentially offer better health benefits. Moreover, the high bioaccessibility of these compounds revealed that potato is an excellent way to deliver crocins and picrocrocin, while also helping to improve its nutritional value