APHIDIDAE (INSECTA : HOMOPTERA) PROCEDENTES DE CANTA (LIMA - PERU)

Se han identificado las siguientes especies: Acyrthosiphon bidenticola, A. kondoi. Aphis craccivora, A. fabae, A gossypii, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, M. rosae, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphunt maidis, R. padi, Sipha flava, Toxoptera aurantii, T. citricidus y Uroleucon erigeronensis. Todas las especies se citan por primera vez para la localidad de Canta

Aphididae (Hemiptera) procedentes del valle de Ica-Perú

Se reportan las siguientes especies procedentes del valle de Ica: Aphis citricola Van der Goot, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy), Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki), Uroleucon (Lambersius) erigeronensis (Thomas) y Wahlgreniella nervata (Gillette)

Uncovering Signals of Positive Selection in Peruvian Populations from Three Ecological Regions.

Peru hosts extremely diverse ecosystems which can be broadly classified into the following three major ecoregions: the Pacific desert coast, the Andean highlands, and the Amazon rainforest. Since its initial peopling approximately 12,000 years ago, the populations inhabiting such ecoregions might have differentially adapted to their contrasting environmental pressures. Previous studies have described several candidate genes underlying adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia among Andean highlanders. However, the adaptive genetic diversity of coastal and rainforest populations has been less studied. Here, we gathered genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism-array data from 286 Peruvians living across the three ecoregions and analyzed signals of recent positive selection through population differentiation and haplotype-based selection scans. Among highland populations, we identify candidate genes related to cardiovascular function (TLL1, DUSP27, TBX5, PLXNA4, SGCD), to the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor pathway (TGFA, APIP), to skin pigmentation (MITF), as well as to glucose (GLIS3) and glycogen metabolism (PPP1R3C, GANC). In contrast, most signatures of adaptation in coastal and rainforest populations comprise candidate genes related to the immune system (including SIGLEC8, TRIM21, CD44, and ICAM1 in the coast; CBLB and PRDM1 in the rainforest; and BRD2, HLA-DOA, HLA-DPA1 regions in both), possibly as a result of strong pathogen-driven selection. This study identifies candidate genes related to human adaptation to the diverse environments of South America

Uncovering signals of positive selection in peruvian populations from three ecological regions

Peru hosts extremely diverse ecosystems which can be broadly classified into the following three major ecoregions: the Pacific desert coast, the Andean highlands, and the Amazon rainforest. Since its initial peopling approximately 12,000 years ago, the populations inhabiting such ecoregions might have differentially adapted to their contrasting environmental pressures. Previous studies have described several candidate genes underlying adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia among Andean highlanders. However, the adaptive genetic diversity of coastal and rainforest populations has been less studied. Here, we gathered genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism-array data from 286 Peruvians living across the three ecoregions and analyzed signals of recent positive selection through population differentiation and haplotype-based selection scans. Among highland populations, we identify candidate genes related to cardiovascular function (TLL1, DUSP27, TBX5, PLXNA4, SGCD), to the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor pathway (TGFA, APIP), to skin pigmentation (MITF), as well as to glucose (GLIS3) and glycogen metabolism (PPP1R3C, GANC). In contrast, most signatures of adaptation in coastal and rainforest populations comprise candidate genes related to the immune system (including SIGLEC8, TRIM21, CD44, and ICAM1 in the coast; CBLB and PRDM1 in the rainforest; and BRD2, HLA-DOA, HLA-DPA1 regions in both), possibly as a result of strong pathogen-driven selection. This study identifies candidate genes related to human adaptation to the diverse environments of South America.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (PID2019-110933GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 to E.B.); the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (DOI: 10.13039/501100011033; ref: CEX2018-000792-M to E.B. and R.C.-C.); the National Science Foundation (NSF) SBE (Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Award No. 1711982 to M.A.N.-C.), NSF-BCS (BCS-0242958 to A.C.S.) and NSF-Research Experience for Undergraduates (BCS-0242958 to A.C.S.); the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) (FONCICYT/50/2016 to A.M.-E.); and the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB, Italy) (CRP/MEX15-04_EC to A.M.-E.). The PEGEN-BC study was supported by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (R01CA204797 to L.F.) and the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas in Lima, Peru

Deciphering signals of positive selection in Peruvian populations from three ecoregions

Trabajo presentado en el Second IBE PhD Symposium, celebrado online el 4 y 5 de febrero de 2021.Perú hosts three extremely diverse ecoregions: The Pacific coast desert, the Andean highlands, and the Amazonian rainforest. Multiple analyses have already identified potential candidate genes for human adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia in highlands, but selection in the Peruvian coast and rainforest remains unexplored. Genome-wide SNP data (Illumina Infinium® MEGA) from 198 individuals distributed across Perú were used to identify signals of recent positive selection in each ecoregion. Specifically, we computed population differentiation (PBS) and haplotype-based selection scans (iHS and XP-EHH). Across the top 50 candidate regions identified per scan, we explored for strong selective sweeps, as well as for signatures of polygenic selection using gene-set and SNP-trait enrichment approaches. Among the top 10 genomic signatures of recent positive selection found in highlands, we replicate some previously known candidates (TBX5, TGFA). We also identify novel signals related to cardiac function, glucose metabolism and epidermal growth factors. In the coast, we identify genes related to the immune system and to vitamin D synthesis. In the rainforest, we detect genes linked to respiratory functions, immune system, heart development and gametogenesis. Furthermore, we identify multiple common candidate regions among ecoregions, including genes involved in lipid metabolism (CPT2 and LRP8) and the immune system (DUOX2, DUOXA1 and DUOX1). Gene-set and trait-associated SNP overrepresentation analyses also yield common terms linked to xenobiotic metabolism and insulin. In addition, highland and coastal populations are also enriched in cardiac muscle contraction and lipid metabolism categories, whereas several immune function terms are enriched in the coast and in the rainforest. In summary, we find genes that provide adaptations specific to the local ecological conditions in the three ecoregions. However, we also detect shared adaptations among ecoregions that point to the recent common adaptive history of Peruvian populations.Peer reviewe

The genomic landscape of the Peruvian Andes

Poster presented at the 88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2019), held on March 27-30th, 2019 in Cleveland, Ohio.The Peruvian Andes was home to multiple major civilization centers of the pre-contact Americas, and contemporary peoples in this region retain a large reservoir of Native American genomic diversity. Although large genomic studies have been conducted in Peru, most data is limited to urban areas or comes from a small number of rural populations. Other studies with more comprehensive sampling are limited to uniparental markers or small subsets of autosomal variants. Here we expand upon these efforts by examining genetic diversity among a large sample of Indigenous or traditional lifestyle communities located in each of the three Peruvian ecozones: the desert Pacific Coast, the Highlands and the Jungle Lowlands. We also include data for two coastal Afro-Peruvian communities