2-Methyl­amino-5-nitro­benzoic acid

The title compound, C8H8N2O4, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.037 Å) and an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(8) loops. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (involving the same H atom that forms the intra­molecular hydrogen bond) link the dimers into infinite sheets lying parallel to (102)

Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia in District Hangu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are two important parasites of the gastrointestinal tract causing gastroenteritis in human population. The present study is carried out to check the prevalence of these two parasites in the stream and open well water of district Hangu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.200/two hundred sample were examined through PCR which showed 26.5% (53/200) and 22.5%(45\200) positive results for Giardia lamblia and E.histolytica respectively. The PCR product for Giardia lamblia was 163bp HSP (heat shock protein) and for Entamoeba histolytica was135bp small fragment of DNA

An Update on Synthesis of Coumarin Sulfonamides as Enzyme Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents

Coumarin is an important six-membered aromatic heterocyclic pharmacophore, widely distributed in natural products and synthetic molecules. The versatile and unique features of coumarin nucleus, in combination with privileged sulfonamide moiety, have enhanced the broad spectrum of biological activities. The research and development of coumarin, sulfonamide-based pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry have become active topics, and attracted the attention of medicinal chemists, pharmacists, and synthetic chemists. Coumarin sulfonamide compounds and analogs as clinical drugs have been used to cure various diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown their enormous development value. The diversified and wide array of biological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-fungal, antioxidant and anti-viral, etc. were displayed by diversified coumarin sulfonamides. The present systematic and comprehensive review in the current developments of synthesis and the medicinal chemistry of coumarin sulfonamide-based scaffolds give a whole range of therapeutics, especially in the field of oncology and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. In the present review, various synthetic approaches, strategies, and methodologies involving effect of catalysts, the change of substrates, and the employment of various synthetic reaction conditions to obtain high yields is cited

Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis: Recent Update on Green Catalytic Approaches in Synthesis of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles

Green (sustainable) chemistry provides a framework for chemists, pharmacists, medicinal chemists and chemical engineers to design processes, protocols and synthetic methodologies to make their contribution to the broad spectrum of global sustainability. Green synthetic conditions, especially catalysis, are the pillar of green chemistry. Green chemistry principles help synthetic chemists overcome the problems of conventional synthesis, such as slow reaction rates, unhealthy solvents and catalysts and the long duration of reaction completion time, and envision solutions by developing environmentally benign catalysts, green solvents, use of microwave and ultrasonic radiations, solvent-free, grinding and chemo-mechanical approaches. 1,2,4-thiadiazole is a privileged structural motif that belongs to the class of nitrogen–sulfur-containing heterocycles with diverse medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. This comprehensive review systemizes types of green solvents, green catalysts, ideal green organic synthesis characteristics and the green synthetic approaches, such as microwave irradiation, ultrasound, ionic liquids, solvent-free, metal-free conditions, green solvents and heterogeneous catalysis to construct different 1,2,4-thiadiazoles scaffolds

A facile sonochemical protocol for synthesis of 3-amino- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole derived Schiff bases as potential antibacterial agents.

A facile method has been developed for the synthesis of Schiff bases derived from substituted and unsubstituted 3-amino- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles. Condensation of the aminotrizoles with a variety of aromatic aldehydes afforded desired Schiff bases in excellent yields in 3-5 minutes of exposure to ultra-sound. The synthesized compounds were characterized by means of IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectrometry. The synthesized compounds were also screened for their antibacterial potential against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) strains