L1-norm unsupervised Fukunaga-Koontz transform

Article number 107942The Fukunaga-Koontz transform (FKT) is a powerful supervised feature extraction method used in twoclass recognition problems, particularly when the classes have equal mean vectors but different covariance matrices. The present work proves that it is also possible to perform the FKT in an unsupervised manner, sparing the need for labeled data, by using a variant of L1-norm Principal Component Analysis (L1-PCA) that minimizes the L1-norm in the feature space. Rigorous proof is given in the case of data drawn from a mixture of Gaussians. A working iterative algorithm based on gradient-descent in the Stiefel manifold is put forward to perform L1-norm minimization with orthogonal constraints. A number of numerical experiments on synthetic and real data confirm the theoretical findings and the good convergence characteristics of the proposed algorithm

Vulneración del derecho de la pensión de vejez de servidores públicos en condición de pre pensionados, por causa del retiro forzoso establecido en la ley 1821 de 2016.

En el presente artículo se estudiaran las decisiones de la administración pública al terminar la relación laboral con los servidores públicos que cumplen setenta (70) años de edad, la cual conlleva a vulnerar a los no pensionados e interrumpir el derecho a adquirir la pensión de jubilación o vejez, por ello, se llevará a cabo el análisis de la ley 1821 de 2016, y diferentes decisiones jurisprudenciales de orden nacional e internacional vislumbrando la necesidad de proteger a estos sujetos de derecho que no pueden ser desprotegidos por la ley pensional, donde también es esencial revisar las circunstancias particulares del servidor, supuestos de hecho y de derecho para ser beneficiarios del denominado retén social, esto es, por acreditar que están próximos a cumplir (dentro de los 3 años siguientes al retiro) las semanas requeridas en el Régimen de Prima Media con Prestación Definida.UNILIBRE-DERECHO-ESPECIALIZACION EN DERECHO LABORAL Y SEGURIDAD SOCIALIn this article, the decisions of the public administration at the end of the employment relationship with public servants who are seventy (70) years of age will be studied, which leads to violating non-pensioners and interrupting the right to acquire the retirement pension. or old age, therefore, the analysis of Law 1821 of 2016 will be carried out, and different jurisprudential decisions of a national and international order, glimpsing the need to protect these subjects of law that cannot be unprotected by the pension law, where also it is essential to review the particular circumstances of the server, assumptions of fact and law to be beneficiaries of the so-called social retention, that is, to prove that they are close to fulfilling (within 3 years after retirement) the weeks required in the Regime of Average Premium with Defined Benefi

Diseño conceptual y básico de un prototipo de celda solar híbrida, fabricada vía recubrimiento por inmersión

This paper presents the conceptual and basic designof a prototype of hybrid solar cell from thirdgeneration(TCO/TiO2/QDs/organic type-p /M),in which quantum dots (QDs) are electron-holepairs photo-generators, p-type material is the holeconductor, and TiO2 is the electron conductor.The transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and theconductor metal (M) are the anode and cathodeelectrodes respectively. The conceptual design wasbased on obtaining a prototype efficient and wasperformed following the steps: selection of theQDs and their chemical synthesis, p-type materialselection, investment costs, and the validation ofthe technique self-assembly layer by layer via dipcoating. Finally, the resulting configuration cell was:FTO/TiO2/CdSe QDs/tetracene-PVK/Au, whereFTO is fluorine doped tin oxide and PVK is poly(9-vinylcarbazole).En este artículo se presenta el diseño conceptual ybásico de un prototipo de celda solar híbrida de tercerageneración (TCO/TiO2/QDs/orgánico tipop/M) en la cual los puntos cuánticos (QDs) son fotogeneradoresde pares electrón-hueco; el materialtipo-p es el transportador de huecos, y el TiO2 esel transportador de electrones. El óxido conductortransparente (TCO) y el metal conductor (M), sonlos electrodos ánodo y cátodo respectivamente. Eldiseño conceptual presentado se basó en la obtenciónde un prototipo eficiente, realizado mediantelas etapas de: selección de QDs y su síntesis química;selección del material tipo-p; costos de inversión;y la validación de la técnica de auto-ensamblecapa por capa vía recubrimiento por inmersión.Finalmente, la configuración de la celda resultantefue: FTO/TiO2/QDs de CdSe/tetraceno-PVK/Au, donde FTO es óxido de estaño fluor-dopado yPVK es Poli(9-vinilcarbazol)

Development of a passive mini-direct ethanol fuel cell : effect of mea assembly parameters by hot pressure.

This paper presents preliminary results on the design, construction and evaluation of a passive mini direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), capillary fed with 2 mol l-1 aqueous ethanol, at a rate of 2.03 μL min-1, and air oxygen in the cathode through an air vent. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and time of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) by hot-pressure were evaluated. As the electrode holder used a 0.25 cm2 carbon tissue which was deposited on the catalytic layer (C. L.) for both the anode (0.8 mg cm-2 of PtRu/C) and the cathode (0.8 mg cm-2 of Pt/C), Nafi on® 115 membranes were used as the electrolyte. The results show, an average power density of 302 μWcm2 under the best conditions used, a catalytic layer with a Nafi on percentage of 50% at 25 °C. A temperature of 125 °C, a pressure of 49.2 Kg/cm2, and 90 seconds duration were used to obtain the MEA

Development of a Passive Mini-Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell: Effect of Mea Assembly Parameters by Hot Pressure

This paper presents preliminary results on the design, construction and evaluation of a passive mini direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), capillary fed with 2 mol l-1 aqueous ethanol, at a rate of 2.03 μL min-1, and air oxygen in the cathode through an air vent. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and time of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) by hot-pressure were evaluated. As the electrode holder used a 0.25 cm2 carbon tissue which was deposited on the catalytic layer (C. L.) for both the anode (0.8 mg cm-2of PtRu/C) and the cathode (0.8 mg cm -2of Pt/C), Nafi on® 115 membranes were used as the electrolyte. The results show, an average power density of 302 μWcm2 under the best conditions used, a catalytic layer with a Nafi on percentage of 50% at 25 °C. A temperature of 125 °C, a pressure of 49.2 Kg/cm2, and 90 seconds duration were used to obtain the MEA

Recomendações da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Tireoide para diagnóstico e manejo do carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide

The aims of these recommendations were to develop clinical guidelines for evaluation and management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer applicable to Latin American countries. The panel was composed by 13 members of the Latin American Thyroid Society (LATS) involved with research and management of thyroid cancer from different medical centers in Latin America. The recommendations were produced on the basis of the expert opinion of the panel with use of principles of Evidence-Based Medicine. Following a group meeting, a first draft based on evidences and the expert opinions of the panel was elaborated and, later, circulated among panel members, for further revision. After, this document was submitted to the LATS members, for commentaries and considerations, and, finally, revised and refined by the authors. The final recommendations presented in this paper represent the state of the art on management of differentiated thyroid cancer applied to all Latin American countries.Estas recomendações tiveram por objetivo o desenvolvimento de diretrizes para avaliação e manejo de pacientes com câncer diferenciado da tiroide em países latino-americanos. Um painel composto por 13 membros da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Tireoide (SLAT) - que estavam envolvidos em pesquisas, e eram peritos no cuidado do paciente com câncer da tiroide e provenientes de diferentes centros médicos latino-americanos - utilizou os princípios da Medicina Baseada em Evidências para produzir esse consenso. Após uma primeira reunião, um texto inicial foi elaborado, baseado em evidências e opiniões dos especialistas do painel e, posteriormente, circulado entre os membros do painel, para revisão. Após a revisão, o documento foi enviado aos membros da SLAT para comentários e considerações e, finalmente, revisado e refinado pelos autores. As recomendações finais aqui apresentadas demonstram o estado da arte no manejo do câncer diferenciado da tireoide aplicadas aos países latino-americanos.88488

Recomendações da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Tireoide no manejo de nódulos tireoideos

Several guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and cancer have recently been published. However, recommended practices are not always appropriate to different settings or countries. The aim of this consensus was to develop Clinical Guidelines for evaluation and management of patients with thyroid nodules applicable to Latin American countries. The panel was composed by 13 members of the Latin American Thyroid Society involved with research and management of thyroid nodules and cancer from different medical centers in Latin America. The consensus was produced based on the expert opinion of the panel with use of principles of evidence-based medicine. Following a group meeting, a first draft based on the expert opinion of the panel was elaborated and later circulated among panel members for further revision. After revision, this document was submitted to all LATS members for commentaries and considerations and finally revised and refined by the authors. The final recommendations represent state of the art on management of thyroid nodules applied to all Latin American countries.Vários consensos têm sido publicados acerca do diagnóstico e do tratamento de nódulos e câncer da tireoide. Entretanto, as recentes recomendações nem sempre são apropriadas para diferentes regiões ou países. O objetivo deste trabalho foi oferecer uma série de recomendações para a avaliação e conduta de pacientes portadores de nódulos tireoideos aplicáveis a todos os países da América Latina. O trabalho foi realizado por um comitê composto por 13 membros da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Tireoide envolvidos com pesquisa e manejo de pacientes portadores de nódulos e carcinoma diferenciado da tireoide, de diferentes centros médicos da América Latina. As recomendações foram estabelecidas, após consenso, utilizando as opiniões especializadas de cada membro e os princípios da medicina baseada em evidência. Após a primeira reunião do grupo, um primeiro documento foi elaborado e encaminhado a todos os membros para revisão. Posteriormente, o documento foi enviado aos membros da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Tireoide para avaliação, sugestões e comentários. A versão final, elaborada após refinada revisão de todos os autores, representa o estado da arte no diagnóstico e na conduta de nódulos tireoideos, aplicáveis a todos os países da América Latina

Recomendações da sociedade Latino-Americana de tireoide no manejo de nódulos tireoideos

Several guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and cancer have recently been published. However, recommended practices are not always appropriate to different settings or countries. The aim of this consensus was to develop Clinical Guidelines for evaluation and management of patients with thyroid nodules applicable to Latin American countries. The panel was composed by 13 members of the Latin American Thyroid Society involved with research and management of thyroid nodules and cancer from different medical centers in Latin America. The consensus was produced based on the expert opinion of the panel with use of principles of evidence-based medicine. Following a group meeting, a first draft based on the expert opinion of the panel was elaborated and later circulated among panel members for further revision. After revision, this document was submitted to all LATS members for commentaries and considerations and finally revised and refined by the authors. The final recommendations represent state of the art on management of thyroid nodules applied to all Latin American countries539Vários consensos têm sido publicados acerca do diagnóstico e do tratamento de nódulos e câncer da tireoide. Entretanto, as recentes recomendações nem sempre são apropriadas para diferentes regiões ou países. O objetivo deste trabalho foi oferecer uma série de recomendações para a avaliação e conduta de pacientes portadores de nódulos tireoideos aplicáveis a todos os países da América Latina. O trabalho foi realizado por um comitê composto por 13 membros da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Tireoide envolvidos com pesquisa e manejo de pacientes portadores de nódulos e carcinoma diferenciado da tireoide, de diferentes centros médicos da América Latina. As recomendações foram estabelecidas, após consenso, utilizando as opiniões especializadas de cada membro e os princípios da medicina baseada em evidência. Após a primeira reunião do grupo, um primeiro documento foi elaborado e encaminhado a todos os membros para revisão. Posteriormente, o documento foi enviado aos membros da Sociedade Latino-Americana de Tireoide para avaliação, sugestões e comentários. A versão final, elaborada após refinada revisão de todos os autores, representa o estado da arte no diagnóstico e na conduta de nódulos tireoideos, aplicáveis a todos os países da América Latin