14 research outputs found

    Metamorphic Domes in Northern Tunisia: Exhuming the Roots of Nappe Belts by Widespread Post-Subduction Delamination in the Western Mediterranean

    Get PDF
    Cenozoic extension in the Western Mediterranean has been related to the dynamics of back-arc domains. Although, in most of its orogenic belts extension propagated into the fore-arc nappe domains. Here we revisit the structure, metamorphism and radiometric ages of the Tunisian Tell, where HP/LT rocks (350°C at 0.8 GPa), were exhumed by the sequential activity of extensional detachments after heating and decompression (410°C–440°C at 0.6–0.3 GPa) in a plate convergent setting. Normal faults thinning the Tunisian Tell detached at two different crustal levels. The shallower one cuts down into the Atlas Mesozoic sequence, involving Tellian Triassic evaporites in the hanging-wall forming halokinetic structures in the Mejerda basin late Miocene. The deeper-detachment bounds metamorphic domes formed by marbles and metapsammites from the Atlas domain. Illite crystallinity on Triassic rocks shows epizonal to anchizonal values, at deep and intermediate structural depths of the Tell-Atlas nappe belt, respectively. New U-Pb 49.78 ± 1.28 Ma rutile ages from Tellian metabasites, together with existing phlogopite 23–17 Ma K-Ar ages in Atlas marbles from the footwall of the deepest detachment, indicate a polymetamorphic evolution. The Tell rocks underthrusted the Kabylian flysch in the early Eocene. Further, early Miocene shortening thrusted the metabasites over lower-grade sediments, producing HP/LT metamorphism and ductile stretching at the base of the Atlas belt. The exhumation of midcrustal roots of Western Mediterranean nappe belts after tectonic shortening is a common feature related to tearing at the edges of the subduction systems and inboard delamination of their subcontinental lithospheric mantle.Ministerio de Ciencia e innovación PID2019- 107138RB-I00P18-RT-3632 of the Junta de Andalucia,Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window and by Scientific Cooperation Agreement 0534 between the Office National des Mines (ONM)The Tunis el Manar University and the Group for Relief and Active Processes Analysis (ARPA) from the University of GranadaTunisian Company of Petroleum Activities (ETAP)Universidad de Granada / CBU

    Insights of Active Extension Within a Collisional Orogen From GNSS (Central Betic Cordillera, S Spain)

    Get PDF
    The coexistence of shortening and extensional tectonic regimes is a common feature in orogenic belts. The westernmost end of the Western Mediterranean is an area undergoing shortening related to the 5 mm/ yr NNW‒SSE convergence of the Nubia and Eurasia Plates. In this region, the Central Betic Cordillera shows a regional ENE‒WSW extension. Here, we present GNSS-derived geodetic data along a 170 km-long transect orthogonal to the main active normal faults of the Central Betic Cordillera. Our data indicate that the total extension rate along the Central Betic Cordillera is 2.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Extension is accommodated in the eastern (0.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the Guadix-Baza Basin) and western (1.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the Granada Basin) parts of the Central Betic Cordillera, while no extension is recorded in the central part of the study area. Moreover, our data permit us to quantify, for the first time, short-term fault slip rates of the Granada Fault System, which is one of the main seismogenic sources of the Iberian Peninsula. We deduce a fault slip rate of ∼1.3 ± 0.3 mm/ yr for the whole Granada Basin, with 0.9 ± 0.3 mm/yr being accommodated in the Granada Fault System and 0.4 ± 0.3 mm/yr being accommodated in the southwestern sector of the Granada Basin, where no active faults have been previously described at the surface. The heterogeneous extension in the Central Betic Cordillera could be accommodated by shallow high-angle normal faults that merge with a detachment at depth. Part of the active extension could be derived from gravitational instability because of underlying over-thickened crustThe Generalitat Valenciana (Valencian Regional GovernmentResearch project AICO/2021/196), Spanish Ministry of ScienceInnovation and University (Research Projects RTI2018-100737- B-I00 and PID2021-127967NB-I00),The University of Alicante (Research Project VIGROB053)The University of Jaén (POAIUJA 2021–2022, CEACTEMA and Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía, 2014–2020—call made by UJA, 2018, Ref. 1263446), P18-RT- 3275 (Junta de Andalucía/FEDER),Junta de Andalucía regional government (RNM282 and RNM 148 research groups)The Institut Cartogràfic Valencià, Agencia Valenciana de Seguridad y Respuesta a las Emergencias (Generalitat Valenciana)Consorcio Provincial para el Servicio de Prevención y Extinción de Incendios y Salvamento de AlicanteDiputaciones Provinciales de Alicante y CastellónAyuntamiento de Almorad

    Evaluation of the SBAS InSAR Service of the European Space Agency’s Geohazard Exploitation Platform (GEP)

    Get PDF
    The analysis of remote sensing data to assess geohazards is being improved by web-based platforms and collaborative projects, such as the Geohazard Exploitation Platform (GEP) of the European Space Agency (ESA). This paper presents the evaluation of a surface velocity map that is generated by this platform. The map was produced through an unsupervised Multi-temporal InSAR (MTI) analysis applying the Parallel-SBAS (P-SBAS) algorithm to 25 ENVISAT satellite images from the South of Spain that were acquired between 2003 and 2008. This analysis was carried out using a service implemented in the GEP called “SBAS InSAR”. Thanks to the map that was generated by the SBAS InSAR service, we identified processes not documented so far; provided new monitoring data in places affected by known ground instabilities; defined the area affected by these instabilities; and, studied a case where GEP could have been able to help in the forecast of a slope movement reactivation. This amply demonstrates the reliability and usefulness of the GEP, and shows how web-based platforms may enhance the capacity to identify, monitor, and assess hazards that are associated to geological processes.Spanish “Juan de la Cierva” grants support part of the work of Jorge P. Galve. The expenses related to the hired researcher contract of Jorge P. Galve and the field surveying were funded by the project CGL2015-67130-C2-1-R (FEDER and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)

    First evidence of paleoearthquakes along the Carboneras Fault Zone (SE Iberian Peninsula) : Los Trances site

    Get PDF
    Seismogenic faults that have not produced historical large earthquakes remain unnoticed and, thus, are dangerously left out from seismic hazard analyses. The seismogenic nature of the Carboneras Fault Zone, a left-lateral strikeslip fault in the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (southeastern Spain), has not been fully explored to date in spite of having a morphological expression equivalent to the Alhama de Murcia Fault, a seismogenic fault in the same tectonic system. This study provides the first paleoseismic evidence of the seismogenic nature of the CarbonerasFault Zone, based on the analysis of 3 trenches at Los Trances site, on the northwestern edge of the La Serrata Range. Cross cutting relationships and numerical dating, based on radiocarbon, thermoluminescence and U-series, reveal a minimum of 4 paleoearthquakes: Paleoearthquake1 (the oldest) and Paleoearthquake2 took place after 133ka, Paleoearthquake3 occurred between 83-73ka and Paleoearthquake4 happened after 42.5ka (probably after 30.8ka), resulting in a maximum possible average recurrence of 33ka. This value, based on a minimum amount of paleoearthquakes, is probably overestimated, as it does not scale well with published slip-rates derived from offset channels or GPS geodetical data. The characterization of this fault as seismogenic, implies that it should be considered in the seismic hazard analyses of the SE Iberian Peninsula

    Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

    Get PDF

    Estructuras tectónicas recientes en la transversal central de las cordilleras béticas

    Get PDF
    Las estructuras tectónicas activas en las Cordilleras Bético-Rifeñas acomodan la convergencia oblicua, con orientación NO-SE, entre las placas Euroasiática y Africana. La transversal central de las Cordilleras Béticas permite entender las relaciones entre las estructuras que deforman las Zonas Internas y las Zonas Externas. A pesar del carácter convergente del límite de placas, la mayoría de fallas presentes en esta transversal son normales y muestran un contexto extensional. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de la región muestra un rápido levantamiento desde el Mioceno que seria más típico de una región en compresión. Los datos geofísicos permiten determinar los principales rasgos de la estructura profunda de la región. Mientras que en el mar de Alborán los datos de sísmica de refracción indican la presencia de una corteza continental delgada (15-Km), hacia las Cordilleras Béticas se produce un rápido engrosamiento de la corteza de hasta 36-37 km. Los estudios gravimétricos indican que el engrosamiento cortical es brusco y se produce en una posición próxima a la línea de costa. Los perfieles de sísmica de reflexión profunda en las cordilleras muestran reflectores horizontales en la corteza inferior que no están afectados por los grandes pliegues de la corteza superior. La continuidad de anomalías aeromagnéticas del Macizo Ibérico bajo las zonas externas de las Cordilleras Béticas hacia que dichos materiales constituyen el basamento de estas últimas. Todos estos datos sugieren que las rocas que forman las Cordilleras Béticas están despegadas sobre un zócalo que estaría constituido por el Macizo Ibérico. Este despegue constituirá la principal estructura activa de las Cordilleras Bética, con un movimiento relativo del bloque de techo hacia el NO. Las estructuras observadas en campo a lo largo de la transversal indican que a partir del Mioceno superior se han desarrollado, tanto pliegues como fallas que determinan el relieve actual en la transversal. Desde la línea de costa hacia el N, la Sierra Tejeda constituye una gran antiforma de dirección media E-O. Esta antiforma tardía deforma una superposición de varias unidades alpujárrides separadas por fallas normales de bajo ángulo de edad Mioceno inferior. Los buzamientos de los materiales alpujárrides presentan en la línea de costa generalmente buzamientos hacia el S, del mismo modo que ocurre en depósitos costeros plio-cuaternarios. El sistema de fallas normales con buzamientos hacia el SO, que son activas en otros sectores de la Cordillera, como en Sierra Nevada occidental, no controlan la morfología costera y en algunos puntos aparecen fosilizadas por materiales plio-cuaternarios. Por ello, la línea de costa podría estar determinada por el desarrollo del pliegue de gran radio. El flaco norte del Pliegue de Sierra Tejeda se prolonga bajo la Depresión de Granada. Esta depresión tiene una estructura de cuña que se abre hacia el N de determinada por una falla normal en su borde norte. Esta falla ha sido activa, al menos, desde el Tortoniense hasta la actualidad, ya que condiciona el depósito de materiales de estas edades, tal y como indican los datos geofísicos y geología de campo. Hacia el Norte, los plieges post-tortonienses determinan la geometría del relieve. Cabe destacar la Depresión de Alcalá la Real, en la que afloran materiales desde el Mioceno superior y cuya geometría esta determinada por pliegues de actividad progresiva de dirección NO-SE y NE-SO. En el frente de las cordilleras, que constituye el límite entre las Cordilleras y la Depresión del Guadalquivir, se observan fallas inversas con dirección E-O a ENE-OSO que afectan al menos a materiales tortoniense aunque no se ha observado la relación con materiales mas recientes. También, se han observado fallas E-O e salto en dirección sinixtras. El estudio de dos sectores en Marruecos, uno en el frente de las Cordilleras Rifeña y otro en la Meseta permiten comparar la distribución de las deformaciones en ambos frentes de la Cordilleras Bético-Rifeñas. Donde se observa un frente activo con pliegues, cabalagamientos y fallas ciegas que indican movimientos del bloqueo de techo hacia el S. Las determinaciones de paleoesfuerzos se han realizado a partir de microfallas, maclado de calcita y sobre todo del análisis de cantos estriados de conglomerados del Plioceno y el Cuaternario. En cada canto se ha considerado tanto las marcas de disolución con las estriaciones en su superficie. Las determinaciones de paleoesfuerzos indican que el estado de esfuerzos ha tenido un carácter muy variable en la región para el mismo periodo de tiempo. Sierra Tejeda y la parte S de la Depresión de Granada han sufrido una extensión radial desde el Mioceno superior, aunque direcciones de extensión NE-SO bien definidas han sido determinadas. Sin embargo, en el borde norte de la Depresión de Granada se han identificado compresiones subhorizontales con elipsoide prolatos perpendiculares de dirección NO-SE y NE-SO. Hacia el frente de las Cordilleras Béticas, los paleoesfuerzos permiten reconocer tres eventos, dos comprensivos con elipsoides de esfuerzo prolatos NO-SE y NE-SO y uno extensivo NO-SE. Las observaciones y datos anteriores muestran que las principales estructuras asociadas al acortamiento de las Cordilleras Béticas desde el Mioceno superior con los pliegues de tamaño kilométrico y de direcciones variables entre los que predominan los de E-O a NE-SO en las cordilleras Béticas y fallas inversas en las Cordilleras Rifeñas t despegues corticales en ambas cordilleras. Los pliegues se habrían desarrollado a techo de un gran despegue basal que separaría las rocas de la Cordilleras Béticas del basamento formado por las rocas del Macizo Ibérico. El desarrollo de estas estructuras seria el responsable del engrosamiento cortical y la elevación del a cordillera desde el Tortoniense. La elevación topográfica favorecería la prsencia de fallas normales en la parte superior de la corteza que no se prolongan en las zonas media y profunda de la corteza. No obstante, las fallas inversas se localizan preferentemente en el frente de las cordilleras. El hecho del que el salto de estas fallas sea relativamente pequeño indicaría que la mayor parte del acortamiento está acomodado en los grandes pliegues que se desarrollan en superficie. Los paleosfuerzos también confirman el predominio de la extensión en la zona más interna de las cordilleras y la comprensión en las zonas más externas de las mismas. No obstante el campo de esfuerzo ha debido de ser complejo puesto que se han detectado direcciones de comprensión perpendiculares en áres muy próximas. Todo esto indica que la deformación, desde el Mioceno superior, ha sido más o menos continúa aunque con diferentes características en cada región de las Cordilleras Béticas lo que impide la diferenciación de fases de deformación regionales que afecten por igual a todas las cordillerasUniv. de Granada. Departamento de Geodinámica. Leída el 5/09/0

    Two Cenozoic Extensional Phases in Mallorca and Their Bearing on the Geodynamic Evolution of the Western Mediterranean

    Get PDF
    This work was financed by the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry Project PID2019-107138RB-I00/SRA (State Research Agency/10.13039/501100011033) and the "Junta de Andalucia" Project P18-RT-36332 and research groups RMN-131 and RMN-148. It was partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the project "RISKCOAST" (SOE3/P4/E0868) of the Interreg SUDOE Programme. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA. We appreciate the reviews by Romain Augier, Federico Rossetti, and Jose L. Simon that have greatly improved the original article, together with the suggestions of Laurent Jolivet as Editor.We study the structure of the Llevant ranges in Mallorca with special emphasis on the Cenozoic extensional evolution of the island, which we integrate in a new geodynamic model for the Westernmost Mediterranean. Mallorca underwent two Cenozoic rifting phases in the Oligocene and Serravallian, before and after the development of its Foreland Thrust Belt (FTB). The first extensional event produced Oligocene semigrabens (≈29–23 Ma) that were inverted during the Early-Middle Miocene (19–14 Ma) WNW-directed FTB development. The second rifting event produced the extensional collapse of the Mallorca FTB during the Serravallian (≈14–11 Ma). This later rifting was polyphasic, with two orthogonal extensional systems, producing first NE-SW, and then NW-SE extension. The Oligocene extension affected a major part of the Western Mediterranean, opening the Liguro-Provençal and other basins after the collapse of the Palaeogene AlKaPeCa orogen, and Mallorca, its former hinterland. Continued plate convergence nucleated a new subduction system in the Early Miocene that initiated along the Ibiza transform, producing the Mallorca WNW-directed FTB and subduction of the South-East Iberian passive margin. This process individualized the Betic-Rif slab and initiated its westward retreat. Serravallian extension occurred at the northern edge of the subduction system coeval to the Algero- Balearic basin opening. Extension initiated toward the SW direction of slab tearing and later rotated to a NW-SE direction, probably in response to flexural and isostatic rebound. Through these processes the Alboran domain archipelago was driven toward the southwest until the Late Miocene, contributing to the present isolation of Mallorca from its Betic hinterland.Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry Project (State Research Agency) PID2019-107138RB-I00/SRAJunta de Andalucia P18-RT-36332 RMN-131 RMN-148European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the project "RISKCOAST" of the Interreg SUDOE Programme SOE3/P4/E0868Universidad de Granada/CBU

    Stress tensors and stress orientation obtained from fault population analysis of the Llevant ranges in Mallorca (Spain)

    No full text
    ProjectPID2019- 808 107138RB-I00/SRA (State Research Agency /10.13039/501100011033) “Junta de 809 Andalucía” Project P18-RT-36332Stress inversion analysis was carried out to obtain the paleo-stress states in 33 stations, from fault orientation and kinematics field measurements, using a Search Grid method (Galindo-Zaldívar & González-Lodeiro, 1988). These data are used to characterize the stress evolution of Llevant Ranges (Mallorca, Spain)

    First evidence of paleoearthquakes along the Carboneras Fault Zone (SE Iberian Peninsula) : Los Trances site

    No full text
    Seismogenic faults that have not produced historical large earthquakes remain unnoticed and, thus, are dangerously left out from seismic hazard analyses. The seismogenic nature of the Carboneras Fault Zone, a left-lateral strikeslip fault in the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (southeastern Spain), has not been fully explored to date in spite of having a morphological expression equivalent to the Alhama de Murcia Fault, a seismogenic fault in the same tectonic system. This study provides the first paleoseismic evidence of the seismogenic nature of the CarbonerasFault Zone, based on the analysis of 3 trenches at Los Trances site, on the northwestern edge of the La Serrata Range. Cross cutting relationships and numerical dating, based on radiocarbon, thermoluminescence and U-series, reveal a minimum of 4 paleoearthquakes: Paleoearthquake1 (the oldest) and Paleoearthquake2 took place after 133ka, Paleoearthquake3 occurred between 83-73ka and Paleoearthquake4 happened after 42.5ka (probably after 30.8ka), resulting in a maximum possible average recurrence of 33ka. This value, based on a minimum amount of paleoearthquakes, is probably overestimated, as it does not scale well with published slip-rates derived from offset channels or GPS geodetical data. The characterization of this fault as seismogenic, implies that it should be considered in the seismic hazard analyses of the SE Iberian Peninsula

    Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

    No full text
    corecore