Towards proper subgrid-scale model for jet aerodynamics and aeroacoustics

This article presents the investigation of different grey-area mitigation (GAM) techniques towards achieving accurate subsonic turbulent round jet aerodynamics and aeroacoustics results. Combinations of new adapting subgrid length scales with 2D detecting LES models are used as the GAM technique. The numerical simulations are carried out on a set of refining meshes using two different scale-resolving codes: NOISEtte and OpenFOAM. The results show that all the considered techniques provide appropriate accuracy to predict the noise generated and the importance of both the numerical scheme and how subgrid eddy viscosity is modelled.The work of J.R.P. and F.X.T. has been financially supported by the project RETOtwin (PDC2021-120970-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR. J.R.P. is supported by a FI-DGR 2015 predoctoral contract financed by Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

A General Method to Compute Numerical Dispersion Error

This article presents a new methodology to compute numerical dispersion error. The analysis here presented is not restricted to uniform structured meshes nor linear discrete operators as it does not rely on sinusoids to compute the associated error. When using uniform meshes, the results obtained with the present method collapse onto the obtained with the classic one via an easy change of basis. If non-uniform meshes are used, a new kind of results are obtained which shed some light onto the role stretching has on dispersion error.This work has been financially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain (No. ENE2017-88697-R). J.R.P. is supported by a FI-DGR 2015 predoctoral contract financed by Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Evaluation of enhanced gray area mitigation approaches based on jet aeroacoustics

An investigation of various eddy viscosity models for accurate scale-resolving simulation of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of a turbulent jet is presented. The models are considered from the perspective of solving the so-called gray area problem. This problem is related to nonphysical delay in the transition from Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) to large-eddy simulation (LES) in hybrid RANS–LES approaches such as detached eddy simulation (DES) when applied to shear-layer flows. The performance of recently developed dynamic adapting subgrid length scales ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) and subgrid LES models ([Formula: see text] and S3QR) separately and together is demonstrated. The object of the investigation is an immersed subsonic turbulent jet. The simulations are carried out on a set of refining meshes using two different scale-resolving numerical algorithms with basic and higher-accuracy schemes on unstructured meshes. The evaluation of various eddy-viscosity models within the DES approach is mostly focused on the analysis of far-field noise. The study has clearly demonstrated the importance of both a numerical scheme and a subgrid turbulence model. The results show that some of the considered techniques provide the necessary accuracy to predict the noise generated by a turbulent jet. The features of the considered approaches are identified and discussed. Recommendations are formulated for the choice of the LES model and subgrid length scale for this kind of problem.The work of Jesús Ruano, F. Xavier Trias, and Joaquim Rigola has been financially supported by the project RETOtwin (PDC2021- 120970-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union Next Generation European Union / Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia (EU/PRTR). The work of Alexey P. Duben and Andrey V. Gorobets was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Theme No. 122041100137-4). NOISEtte computations were carried out using the equipment of the shared research facilities of high performance computing (HPC) computing resources at Lomonosov Moscow State University, the computing resources of the federal collective usage center Complex for Simulation and Data Processing for Mega-science Facilities at National Research Centre (NRC) “Kurchatov Institute” (http://ckp.nrcki.ru/), and the hybrid supercomputer K60 installed in the Supercomputer Centre of Collective Usage of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences (KIAM RAS). The authors thankfully acknowledge these institutions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

MoBioTools: a toolkit to setup quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations

We present a toolkit that allows for the preparation of QM/MM input files from a conformational ensemble of molecular geometries. The package is currently compatible with trajectory and topology files in Amber, CHARMM, GROMACS and NAMD formats, and has the possibility to generate QM/MM input files for Gaussian (09 and 16), Orca (≥4.0), NWChem and (Open)Molcas. The toolkit can be used in command line, so that no programming experience is required, although it presents some features that can also be employed as a python application programming interface. We apply the toolkit in four situations in which different electronic-structure properties of organic molecules in the presence of a solvent or a complex biological environment are computed: the reduction potential of the nucleobases in acetonitrile, an energy decomposition analysis of tyrosine interacting with water, the absorption spectrum of an azobenzene derivative integrated into a voltage-gated ion channel, and the absorption and emission spectra of the luciferine/luciferase complex. These examples show that the toolkit can be employed in a manifold of situations for both the electronic ground state and electronically excited states. It also allows for the automatic correction of the active space in the case of CASSCF calculations on an ensemble of geometries, as it is shown for the azobenzene derivative photoswitch caseSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; MCIN/AEI, Grant/Award Numbers: PID2020-117806GA-I00, PID2019-110091GB-I00; María de Maeztu, Grant/Award Number: CEX2018-000805-M; Comunidad de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: 2018-T1/BMD-10261; Xunta de Galicia, Grant/Award Number: GRC2019/24; the European Social Fund; Spanish Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, Grant/Award Number: FPU19/02292; Universidade de Vigo, Grant/Award Number: PREUVIGO-21; Universidad Autonoma de Madri

Home-based blood transfusion therapy: a systematic review

Home care is a healthcare alternative to hospitalisation. Different types of procedures are performed at home care services, such as home transfusion of blood products. However, home blood transfusion is not fully implemented and there is a great lack of knowledge about it. The aims of this study were thus to assess the safety and effectiveness of home blood transfusions and patient acceptance and satisfaction. A systematic literature review was conducted in the main biomedical databases. We included all studies that covered patients who had received a home blood transfusion, regardless of their baseline diagnosis. The literature search yielded 290 studies, 14 of which were included in this study as they met the predefined criteria. The main patient profile of a home-transfusion recipient was a person with anaemia associated with other diseases. Overall incidence of severe adverse events was 0.05%. No studies evaluated the effectiveness of home versus hospital transfusions. One study showed that 51% of patients would be willing to receive home transfusions. Home blood transfusion appears to be a feasible, safe, and well-accepted procedure. Existing studies are of low quality, however, and this is an important limitation when it comes to drawing definitive benefit–risk conclusionsS

Development and characterization of 15 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for two important bot flies (Diptera, Oestridae) by next-generation sequencing

©2020. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Parasitology Research. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06824-yCephenemyia stimulator and Oestrus ovis are two important parasitic bot flies (Oestridae) species causing myiasis, with a potential negative impact on the welfare of the host. Using next-generation sequencing approach and bioinformatics tools, a large panel of possible microsatellites loci was obtained in both species. Primer pairs were designed for 15 selected microsatellite loci in C. stimulator and other 15 loci in O. ovis for PCR amplification. Loci amplification and analysis were performed in four populations of each species. The results demonstrated that all selected loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 to 6 per locus in C. stimulator and 3 to 13 per locus in O. ovis. This is the first time to describe these microsatellite loci for C. stimulator and O. ovis. These two sets of microsatellite markers could be further used for biogeographic and population genetics studies.Cephenemyia stimulator and Oestrus ovis, are two important parasitic bot flies (Oestridae) species causing myiasis, with a potential negative impact on the welfare of the host. Using next-generation sequencing approach and bioinformatics tools a large panel of possible microsatellites loci was obtained in both species. Primer pairs were designed for 15 selected microsatellite loci in C. stimulator and other 15 loci in O. ovis for PCR amplification. Loci amplification and analysis were performed in four populations of each species. The results demonstrated that all selected loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 to 6 per locus in C. stimulator and 3 to 13 per locus in O. ovis. This is the first time to describe these microsatellite loci for C. stimulator and O. ovis. These two sets of microsatellite markers could be further used for biogeographic and population genetics studies

Residential radon and characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is not known whether residential radon exposure may be linked to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or have an influence on the functional characteristics or exacerbations of COPD. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain whether there might be an association between residential radon concentrations and certain characteristics of COPD. We analyzed COPD cases drawn from a case–control study conducted in an area of high radon exposure. Data were collected on spirometric pulmonary function variables, hospital admissions, and smoking. Radon measurements were taken using alpha-track-type CR-39 detectors individually placed in patients’ homes. All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS v22 computer software program. The study included 189 COPD cases (79.4% men; median age 64 years). The median radon concentration was 157 Bq/m3. No differences were found between radon concentration and sex, age or severity of breathing obstruction as measured by FEV1%. It should be noted, however, that 48.1% of patients with FEV1%  600 Bq/m3 exhibited no different characteristics in lung function. Exposure to radon does not appear to have an influence on the clinical characteristics of smokers and ex-smokers with COPD. As exposure to residential radon increases, there is no trend towards a worsening of FEV1%. Further studies are thus needed to analyze this possible association in never-smokers with COPDSpanish Society of Pneumology & Thoracic Surgery (Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica—SEPAR), competitive Project Number 439, call 2018S

Geodetic fault slip rates on active faults in the Baza sub-Basin (SE Spain): Insights for seismic hazard assessment

One of the most significant parameters for seismic hazard assessment analyses is the fault slip rate. The combination of both geological (long-term) and geodetic (short-term) data offers a more complete characterization of the seismic potential of active faults. Moreover, geodetic data are also a helpful tool for the analysis of geodynamic processes. In this work, we present the results of a local GPS network from the Baza sub-Basin (SE Spain). This network, which includes six sites, was established in 2008 and has been observed for seven years. For the first time, we obtain short-term slip rates for the two active faults in this area. For the normal Baza Fault, we estimate slip rates ranging between 0.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr and 1.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr. For the strike-slip Galera Fault, we quantify the slip rate as 0.5 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Our GPS study shows a discrepancy for the Baza Fault between the short-term slip rates and previously reported long-term rates. This discrepancy indicates that the fault could be presently in a period with a displacement rate higher than the mean of the magnitude 6 seismic cycle. Moreover, the velocity vectors that we obtained also show the regional tectonic significance of the Baza Fault, as this structure accommodates one-third of the regional extension of the Central Betic Cordillera. Our GPS-related slip rates form the basis for future seismic hazard analysis in this area. Our results have further implications, as they indicate that the Baza and Galera Faults are kinematically coherent and they divide the Baza sub-Basin into two tectonic blocks. This points to a likely physical link between the Baza and Galera Faults; hence, a potential complex rupture involving both faults should be considered in future seismic hazard assessment studies.We acknowledge the comments of Editor Prof. Irina M. Artemieva and two anonymous reviewers, which significantly improved the quality of this paper. This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (Research Projects: RTI2018-100737-BI00 and CGL2016-80687-R), the University of Alicante (Research Project: VIGROB053), the University of Jaén (PAIUJA 2019-2020 and Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 - call made by UJA 2018), the University of Granada (B-RNM-301-UGR18) and the Junta de Andalucía regional government (RNM148, RNM282, and RNM370 and P18-RT-3275 research groups). We thank all observers who collected the data of survey-mode GPS measurements

Lung Function and Symptoms of Exposure to the Volcanic Eruption in the Canary Islands: First Follow-Up of the ASHES Study

Introduction: Exposure to gases and particulate matter released during volcanic eruptions can prove harmful to population health. This paper reports the preliminary results of the ASHES study, aimed at ascertaining the respiratory health effects of the 2021 volcanic eruption in La Palma Island (Spain) on the adult population without previous respiratory disease. Methods: Ambispective cohort study on the healthy adult population. Three exposure groups were considered: Group 1, high exposure; Group 2, moderate exposure; and Group 3, minor or no exposure. We carried out a descriptive analysis of symptoms during and after the eruption, as well as measure lung function after the eruption (through forced spirometry and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide). Results: The analysis included 474 subjects: 54 in Group 1, 335 in Group 2, and 85 in Group 3. A significant increase in most symptoms was observed for subjects in the groups exposed during the eruption. After the eruption, this increase remained for some symptoms. There seems to be a dose-response relationship, such that the higher the exposure, the higher the odds ratio. A prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 70% was observed in 13.0% of subjects in Group 1, 8.6% of subjects in Group 2, and 7.1% of subjects in Group 3. Conclusions: This study is the first to report a dose-response relationship between exposure to volcanic eruptions and the presence of symptoms in adults. Furthermore, there is a tendency toward obstructive impairment in individuals with higher exposure. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. on behalf of SEPAR. This is an open access article under the CCBY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Innovación y desarrollo de nuevos recursos y metodologías docentes para la mejora en la adaptación virtual de la formación de posgrado del Máster en Psicosalud Laboral de la Universidad de Salamanca en el marco de la EEES

Memoria ID-016 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021