How do you do money laundering through Bitcoin?

Treball de Final de Grau en Finances i Compatbilitat. Codi: FC1049. Cursacadèmic: 2015-2016In recent years there has been an increase in money laundering due, in part, to new digital resources like the bitcoin. The bitcoin is a decentralized electronic coin created in 2008. It is considered the most used method on line to launder money. This is because there is not a central server doing the transactions per-to-peer, and these are anonymous. It is important to note that the issue of bitcoins is limited to 21.000.000 units. Some of the ways used to money laundry are the mixers, Deep Web, and others. Finally to indicate that money laundry has different phases such as the placing, stratification, and investment, before getting into the financial system illegally. Unfortunately, the current legislation is poor in this matter. Although, we can find the following legislation, in article 301CP, the 2006/112/CI Directive of the Counsel, plus one of the LPBC. Even though the legislation is scant, there are some bodies working on the prevention of money laundering, like FATF and SEPBLAC

Novel U-Shaped D-A-D π-conjugated Systems with Mechanochromic Properties: An Experimental and Theoretical Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation

Π-conjugated compounds have been widely studied in the last few decades due to their huge field of application in organic electronics. Specifically, stimuli-responsive Π-conjugated materials which are sensitive to external stimulus (i.e., temperature, pressure, etc) have several uses like sensors, probes and security inks, for example.1 In this work, we study two U-shape Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) systems that are found to exhibit interesting thermal- and pressure-dependent properties. 2 They consist on two different conformers of phenothiazine-dibenzo[a,j]phenazine-phenothiazine which differs from the position of the phenothiazine respect to the dibenzophenzaine central core. Compound 1R is the equatorial-equatorial conformer and 1Y is the axial-axial conformer (Figure 1). The dibenzophenzaine group acts as an electron-acceptor whereas the phenothiazine unit acts as an electron-donor. It has been reported that this U-shape D-A-D compound shows a multi-active color changing in 3 steps and their luminescence changes with temperature, pressure and acid exposition.2 In this work, we aim to elucidate how the external stimuli (i.e. temperature, pressure, acid ambient) affects the molecular structure at both intra- and intermolecular level. To this end, we use UV-Vis absorption, Raman (Figure 1) and Infrared spectroscopy experiments in combination with DFT calculations.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Traumatic events and psychopathological symptoms in university students

Abstract: A non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational study that aims to analyze the relationship between traumatic events and psychopathological symptoms in 286 university students (76.6% women and 23.4% men) between 18 and 59 years (M = 24.03; SD 7.14) by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A large part of the sample did not present any traumatic event and those who did showed levels of neutral and/or negative affectation. The most frequent events are the death of a loved one, robbery or assault, divorce of the parents, nervous breakdown, school failure, rejection or failure in a relationship. The least reported events are severe or chronic illness, imprisonment or torture, loss of a child or second marriage. In general, the sample presented low scores in all the psychopathological dimensions. All the variables are related in a statistically significant way, which supports the interaction between traumatic events and various psychopathological symptoms.Keywords: Traumatic events; psychopathological symptoms; anxiety; schizotypy; university students.Eventos traumáticos y síntomas psicopatológicos en estudiantes universitariosResumen: Estudio no experimental, transversal y correlacional, que busca  analizar la relación entre eventos traumáticos y síntomas psicopatológicos en 286 estudiantes universitarios (76.6% mujeres y 23.4% hombres) entre 18 y 59 años (M = 24.03; DE. 7.14) mediante muestreo por conveniencia. Gran parte de la muestra no presentó ningún evento traumático y quienes si los presentaron manifestaron niveles de afectación neutra y/o algo negativa. Los eventos más frecuentes son muerte de un ser querido, robo o asalto, divorcio de los padres, ataque de nervios, fracaso escolar, rechazo o fracaso en una relación. Los eventos menos reportados son enfermedad grave o crónica, encarcelamiento o tortura, pérdida de un hijo o segundo matrimonio. En general la muestra presentó puntuaciones bajas en todas las dimensiones psicopatológicas. Todas las variables se relacionan de manera estadísticamente significativa, con lo cual se soporta la interacción entre eventos traumáticos y diversos síntomas psicopatológicos.Palabras Clave: Eventos traumáticos; síntomas psicopatológicos; ansiedad; esquizotipia; estudiantes universitarios

New acyl hydrazones with promising photophysical properties

Hydrazones have become of great interest for the scientific community due to their promising chemical properties and biological activities. In this group of compounds, the acyl or aryl hydrazones, that are Schiff bases composed by the C=N-NH-CO- group are even more interesting because they present biological activities like antimicrobial, anti-HIV, anticancer, etc. Moreover, these compounds also exhibit interesting properties as multi-stimuli responsive materials [1]. In this study the synthesis and the photophysical properties of a series of new substituted acylhydrazones is presented. In order to explore how donor or acceptor units would influence the behavior of these molecules, different substituents have been introduced in the benzoyl ring. Besides, different aromatic rings have been included in their structures (see Figure 1). Thanks to their structural characteristics, these compounds present two types of features: i) they are able to coordinate with metal cations and ii) the photo-induced configurational E/Z isomerization. All acylhydrazones have been obtained in the E conformation and E/Z isomerization is found to take place either photochemically or thermally. Through a joint experimental and theoretical investigation, we have been able to conclude which conformers are the most probable and why in some cases the isomerization process is completed while it is not in others. Interestingly, the structural factors (such as the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds) that are affecting the most both the formation of the coordination process and the E/Z conversion have been successfully identified [2].Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Investigating Piezochromic Properties of πconjugated Materials: a combined Raman and DFT Study

Π-conjugated materials have been studied for decades due to their great interest in organic electronics. Among them, piezochromic materials, which exhibit color changes resulting from external pressure or mechanical grinding, become very attractive from a scientific viewpoint owing to their potential applications as pressure-sensing and opticalrecording systems1. The main target of the present work is to develop a joint experimental and theoretical approach able to deliver crucial information for the understanding of the structural effects causing piezochromic changes. To this end, we will focus our attention on two families of -conjugated materials with potential application as sensors. The first one is a family of 9,10-Bis((E)-n(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl) anthracene, BPnVA (n=2 orto-,3 metha- and 4 para-) compounds, see Figure 1. Interestingly, these three compounds with varying position of the nitrogen on the external pyridyl group exhibit different molecular packing modes. Grinding and the application of external pressure on the powder also led to a strong change in their photoluminescence color.2 The second familiy is based on the N,N’-Bis-Boc-3,3’-di(pyren-1yl)-2,2’-biindole compound (compound 1c in Figure 1) which also shows photoluminescence under pressure application. However, the molecular packing induced by this phenomenon is still under study 3. In both cases, it will be also very interesting to determine how temperature affects the vibrational structure of these systems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Piezochromic properties of pyridil divinyl anthracene derivatives: a joint Raman and DFT study

Piezochromic materials, which show color changes resulting from external pressure or mechanical grinding, are of great interest from a scientific viewpoint owing to their potential applications as pressure-sensing and optical-recording systems.[1] It has been recently discovered solid-state fluorescence properties and piezochromic luminescence in a family of 9,10-Bis((E)-n-(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl)anthracene, BPnVA (n=2 orto-,3 metha- and 4 para-) compounds, see Figure 1.[2] The crystal structures indicate that the three compounds with varying position of the nitrogen on the external pyridyl exhibit different molecular packing modes. In this work, we aim at providing further insight into the interplay played by the molecular and supramolecular structural changes and the luminescence changes observed under pressure by using a combined experimental-theoretical approach that links Raman spectroscopy with DFT calculations.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Actitudes del profesorado hacia la diversidad cultural

Onzenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2005-2006)Las actitudes que el profesorado transmite son de suma importancia a la hora de formar a una ciudadanía democrática, tolerante y solidaria. El problema surge como un tema novedoso para la sociedad, que ha visto como en los últimos años se ha ido incrementando el número de alumnado inmigrante escolarizado en los centros educativos. Con esta investigación se pretende conocer si el sexo, formación en educación intercultural, titulación y etapa donde imparte la docencia influye en las actitudes del profesorado hacia la diversidad cultural. Para ello se recoge información de 262 docentes de colegios e institutos de la provincia de Castellón. Los resultados parecen demostrar que estas variables no tienen una clara influencia en las actitudes que presentan los docentes de Infantil, Primaria y Secundaria de la provincia de Castellón.When teaching tolerant, democratic and solidarity citizens teacher´s attitudes are most important. The problem arises as a current topic for society since in the last few years the population has seen an increasing number of immigrant students becoming part of the educational centers. This research aims to study whether sex, training in intercultural education, educational Degree Course Certificates and the teaching stage has an influence over teacher´s attitudes towards cultural minorities. To achieve this aim, 262 teachers from schools and high schools have been used as a sample to get the needed information. Results seem to show no clear influence between the different variables and the teacher´s attitudes from Kindergarden, Primary and Secondary schools in Castellón

Análisis de la excepción a la jornada laboral, literales A y C del Artículo 162 del Código Sustantivo del Trabajo

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo analizar las excepciones contenidas en el artículo 162 del Código Sustantivo de Trabajo frente a las categorías de trabajadores que son de dirección, confianza y manejo y los que ejerciten actividades discontinuas o intermitentes y los de simple vigilancia cuando residan en el sitio o lugar de trabajo -- Se pretende realizar un nuevo análisis partiendo de una visión diferente y hoy mejorada de la norma constitucional referida a la salud, la cual permite concluir, en compañía de los demás artículos constitucionales, que dichas excepciones no tiene sustento constituciona

Molecular and electronic structure investigation of encapsulated polytiophenes

Insulated molecular wires (IMWs) are expected to be applied to various optoelectronic applications due to their unique photophysical, electronic, and mechanical properties which originate from the absence of -stacking.[1] Kazunori et al have succeeded in the synthesis of a self-threading polythiophene with a polyrotaxane-like 3D architecture (PSTB, see Figure 1a), for which an intrawire hole mobility of 0.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been measured.[2] In this study we aim to evaluate for the first time the extension of the -conjugation in encapsulated polythiophenes. A comparison between the experimental Raman spectra of the self-threading PSTB polymer with their correspondent oligomers (i.e. 2STB-5STB) suggests that the effective conjugation length in the polymer is longer than five monomer units. Whether the effective conjugation length of the polymer is better described by using the long oligomer extrapolation approach or periodic DFT calculations of the polymer is discussed in detailed by exploiting the very recent potentialities of state-of-the-art quantum chemical simulations of vibrational properties for crystalline solids.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec